• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

The ability of Bacillus subtilis, strain ALICA to produce three mycolytic enzymes (chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, and protease), was carried out by the chemical standard methods. Bacillus subtilis ALICA was screened based on their antifungal activity in dual plate assay and cell-free culture filtrate (25%) against five different phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotium rolfesii. The B. subtilis ALICA detected positive for chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase and protease enzymes. Fungal growth inhibition by both strain ALICA and its cell-free culture filtrate ranged from 51.36% to 86.3% and 38.43% to 68.6%, respectively. Moreover, hyphal morphological changes like damage, broken, swelling, distortions abnormal morphology were observed. Genes expression of protease, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, and lipopeptides (subtilosin and subtilisin) were confirmed their presence in the supernatant of strain ALICA. Our findings indicated that strain ALICA provided a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against various phytopathogenic fungi and may be a potential effective alternative to chemical fungicides.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.216-220
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• 1999

A chemosensitivity assay with small replicate Mm5mt/cl C3H mammary tumor cell cultures was developed to determine whether changes in viral antigen expression and release into culture fluids could be utilized as an in vitro measure of modulating drug effect. The 52,000 MW viral envelope glycoprotein (gp52) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) was measured in culture fluids of control and drug-treated cultures while cell density was simultaneously determined by cell staining and OD 664 nm determination. While extra-cellular gp52 levels and cell density progressively increased over 72 hours for control cultures, declines in both parameters provided dual measures of effect for combination [N(phophonacetyl-L-aspartic acid)+5-fluorouracil], combination 〔N(phophonacetyl-L-aspartic acid )+5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine〕and single component treatment of this combination. At each treated time point, thesecombinations begin to produce a greater decline in both cell density and gp52 levels as compared to single drug treatments. These results indicate that N(phopho-nacetyl-L-aspartic acid) in combination can enhance the effectiveness of single drug.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2021

The food service industry has grown larger with changes in the economic and socio-cultural environment. In this saturated food service industry, generation X and MZ are the main consumer forces that demand attention. That is because a generation is the main psychographic factor that reflects personal values and lifestyle based on one's life cycle. From such a perspective, a generation in marketing has been used as a variable to predict a market by supplementing demographic factors. Accordingly, this study classified generations into generation X and generation MZ with the use of the 2019 consumer behavior survey for food by Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI) and then investigated the factors influencing group and personal dining-out expenses. The analysis was carried out applying the Tobit model using SPSS and R. The positively influential variables on generation X's personal dining-out expenditure were male, single person, high income and simple lifestyle, whereas housewives, personal ethical consciousness, behavioral ethical consciousness, and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables. The positively influential variables on generation MZ's personal dining-out expenditures were male, dual-income, high education level, corporate and governmental ethical consciousness, while the number of family members and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2011

Twenty four fractions by solvent extraction and/or acid precipitation from fruit body and culture broth of Inonotus obliquus were prepared, and their inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was investigated. Among these fractions, acid (1 M HCl) precipitates from cell-free culture broth and fruit body exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on AChE in vitro. Acid precipitates inhibited AChE activity in a concentration-dependant manner and $IC_{50}$ values of both acid precipitates were 0.53 mg/mL. The inhibition pattern was general non-competitive inhibition. The energetic parameters were also determined by dual substrate/temperature design. Both acid precipitates increased the values of Ea, ${\Delta}H,/;{\Delta}G$ and ${\Delta}H^{\ast}$ decreasing the value of ${\Delta}S$ for AChE. The results implied that the acid precipitates from I. obliquus increased the thermodynamic barrier, leading to the breakdown of ES complex and the formation of products as inhibitory mechanism.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1984

비교적 높은 역가의 glucose oxidase(GOD)와 catalase(CAT)를 세포의 효소로 생산하는 균주인 Penicillium spp., PS-8을 선별배지를 사용하여 액체 배양하였으며, 그 결과 배양액 1ml당 2.7units의 glucose oxidase와 2.0units의 catalase를 얻었다. Glucose oxidase와 catalase를 분리하기 위하여 $60{\sim}90%\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 분별침전을 행한후 DEAE-cellulose column을 사용하여 두 효소를 완전히 분리하였으며, 이들 효소의 회수율은 54%와 34%이었다. 분리된 glucose oxidase와 catalase는 PS-8 균주를 효소 고정 매개체로 하여 2.5% glutaraldehyde를 가교제로 12시간 동안 처리함으로써 효소를 고정시켰다. 이들 고정화 효소는 CAT/GOD 값이 서로 다르게 동시 고정, 고정후 혼합, glucose oxidase만의 고정 등의 형태로 만들었다. pH에 따른 효소의 활성변화에서는 동시고정 및 고정후 혼합 방법이 수용성 효소보다 안정화됨을 보여 주었으며, 동시 고정에서는 CAT/GOD값이 높을수록 보다 완만한 pH 활성곡선을 나타내었다. GOD와 CAT/GOD=10의 Km' 값은 각각 $7.1{\times}10^{-2}$ 및 $5.1{\times}10^{-2}M$이었으며, 이들의 활성화 에너지값은 각각 3.97 및 2.98 kcal/mole/deg이었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2017

지역의 관광지 및 문화를 체험 콘텐츠로 개발하는 방법 중 고화질의 비디오 영상을 대형 디스플레이에 표시하는 게 일반적인 방식으로 체험자의 능동적 참여와 다른 지역의 영상 체험과의 특별한 차별성이 필요하게 된다. 본 논문은 단분자 OLED와 능동형을 사용하여 지역의 명소를 투명 OLED 듀얼 레이어 디스플레이 시스템과 확장형 영상 구현 및 증강형 인터렉션 기법을 융합하여 체험자에게 새로운 경험과 아름다운 명소에 직접 와 있는 것과 같은 현실감 있는 체험을 제공 한다. 본 논문에서는 영상의 레이어에 추가적인 영상과 UI 레이어를 입혀 관광지 정보, 날씨, 지도, 숙박, 축제, 사진 자료등을 영상과 함께 체험할 수 있도록 하였으며, 듀얼 레이어 시스템 외에 추가로 양단에 세로형 55인치 디스플레이를 보조적으로 각각 1대씩 추가 연동하는 멀티 디스플레이 시스템을 더해 체험자에게 웅장한 몰입감과 인터페이스 연동의 재미를 더할 수 있도록 구현하였으며, 투명 OLED 및 듀얼 레이어 패널과 3채널 멀티 영상 재생 기법을 활용하여 한국의 전라남도 지역의 명소를 시공간의 제약 없이 상시 체험 가능한 증강형 체험 콘텐츠을 개발하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1366-1372
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 해산어류와 갑각류에 심각한 위해를 끼치고 있는 V. harveyi에 대한 백신개발을 위하여 V. harveyi 백신생산에 적합한 배양배지를 탐색하고 적정 투여량을 조사하며 또한 S. parauberis 백신과 혼합백신의 형태로 투여시 백신효능에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 2-2'-dipyridyl이 첨가되거나 첨가되지 않은 TSB와 BHIB에 배양 후 FKC 백신을 제작한 후 넙치에 투여하여 응집항체가의 생산변화와 공격실험에서의 상대생존율을 비교분석하였다. 또한 V. harveyi 백신의 적정 투여량을 정하기 위하여 어체중 kg 당 10mg 또는 20mg을 투여하여 면역반응을 비교하였으며 S. parauberis 백신을 혼합한 백신을 투여한 후 면역반응을 비교하였다. 그 결과 2-2'-dipyridyl이 들어간 TSB와 BHIB에 배양된 V. harveyi 백신은 응집항체형성과 방어력에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 백신 투여량에 따른 응집항체가에 있어서 큰 차이는 없었으나 어체중 kg 당 10mg을 투여한 실험구가 조금 높은 방어력을 나타내었다. S. parauberis 백신과 혼합한 dual 백신을 투여시 V. harveyi 백신만을 단독으로 투여했을 때와 비교해 방어력이 현저히 증가하였으며 특히 어체중 kg당 두가지 백신을 각각 10mg씩 혼합하여 투여한 실험구에서는 28일동안 폐사가 전혀 일어나지 않아 백신효능이 매우 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 넙치를 위한 V. harveyi 백신을 개발할 때는 2-2'-dipyridyl가 첨가된 TSB에 배양 후 제작된 V. harveyi 백신을 어체중 kg당 10mg의 투여량으로서 S. parauberis 백신과 혼합투여하는 것이 효능과 경제적인 면에서 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2018

Two-hundred and fifty-five strains of actinomycetes isolated from soil samples were screened for their antagonistic activities against four well-known wood decay fungi (WDF), including a brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and three white rot fungi Donkioporia expansa, Trametes versicolor, and Schizophyllum commune. A dual culture assay using culture media supplemented with heated or unheated culture filtrates of selected bacterial strains was used for the detection of their antimicrobial activity against four WDF. It was shown that Streptomyces atratus, S. tsukiyonensis, and Streptomyces sp. greatly inhibited the mycelial growth of the WDF tested compared with the control. To evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of S. atratus, S. tsukiyonensis, and Streptomyces sp., wood blocks of Pinus densiflora inoculated with three selected Streptomyces isolates were tested for weight loss, compression strength (perpendicular or parallel to the grain), bending strength, and chemical component changes. Of these three isolates used, Streptomyces sp. exhibited higher inhibitory activity against WDF, especially G. trabeum, as observed in mechanical and chemical change analyses. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cell walls of the wood block treated with Streptomyces strains were thicker and collapsed to a lesser extent than those of the non-treated control. Taken together, our findings indicate that Streptomyces sp. exhibits the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent for wood decay brown rot fungus that causes severe damage to coniferous woods.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2016

This paper examines the transition of the Hungarian men's costume. Transition of the Hungarian men's costume can be divided into pre-eighteenth century, eighteenth century, and since the nineteenth century. Hungarian costume was derived from the Magyar who settled in Hungary in the ninth century. Hungry had begun to accept Western culture in the tenth century, so when the prototype of Hungarian costume was completed, it consisted of Dolman, Mente, pants, and boots combining traditional Magyar style with Western European style. In particular, Dolman shows the uniqueness of the Hungarian men's costume; it has a high, stand-up collar in the back center, closes on the left, has a right front plate with a diagonal cut at the waist, and a wide front closure. In the eighteenth century, Hungarian men's costumes played an important role in displaying national pride while living under the oppression of the Habsburg Empire. In particular, Dolman was worn as a uniform at the battle of independence (1703~1710). This dress of male courtiers became the distinctive style of the eighteenth century and then became the basic style of men's costumes. Since the nineteenth century, Hungarian men's costumes have acted as an means to promote the national consciousness of Hungary through the Citizen Revolution (1848), the War of Independence (1849), and the formation of the Dual Empire (1867). Looking at evolution of the Hungarian men's dress style, it reveals that resistance and struggles against other nations, a history of aggression, and living under oppressed are factors that impact on important clothing transitions.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권2호통권73호
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• pp.190-195
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• 1995

고추탄저병(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)에 대한 생물학적방제 능력을 가지는 엽권미생물을 선발하기 위하여 38과 87종의 약용식물로부터 243균주의 세균과 51균주의 사상균 그리고 30균주의 효모를 분리하여 이들에 대하여 항진균활성검정을 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 분리된 엽권미생물 중에서 PDA 배지 대치배양에서 10 mm 이상의 생육저지대를 형성하는 4개의 엽권미생물이 선발되었다. 선발된 4개의 세균균주 KB6, KB12, KB13 및 KB14의 PDB 배양여액 중에서 KB12 균주가 균사생장 억제율이 가장 높았다. 액체배양여액 처리에서 푸른 고추보다 붉은 고추에서 방제효과가 컸다. Bacterial cell 처리에서는 푸른 고추나 붉은 고추에서도 높은 방제효과가 있었다. 선발된 4개의 세균균주들은 모두 Bacillus subtilis로 동정되었다.