• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.965-970
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effects of freezing and supplementation of molasses (M), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and LAB+enzyme mixture on chemical and nutritional composition of sunflower silage (SF). Sunflower crops were harvested (at about $29.2%{\pm}1.2%$ dry matter) and half of fresh sunflower was ensiled alone and half was frozen (F) at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Silage additives were admixed into frozen SF material. All samples were ensiled in glass jars with six replicates for 90 days. The treatments were as follows: i) positive control (non-frozen and no additives, NF), ii) negative control (frozen, no additives, F), iii) F+5% molasses (FM), iv) F+LAB (1.5 g/tons, Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium, FLAB); v) F+LAB+enzyme (2 g/tons Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium and cellulase and amylase enzymes, FLEN). Freezing silage increased dry matter, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin. The organic matter, total digestible nutrient, non-fiber carbohydrate, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility were negatively influenced by freezing treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, freezing sunflower plants prior to ensiling may negatively affect silage quality, while molasses supplementation improved some quality traits of frozen silage. Lactic acid bacteria and LAB+enzyme inoculations did not effectively compensate the negative impacts of freezing on sunflower silage.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1991년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.3-4
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• 1991

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2001년도 10주년 기념 국제학술 심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.86-87
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• 2001

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.51-69
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• 1988

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.540-572
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• 2011

The present review focuses on the effects of energy intake on performance, changes in body tissue during lactation, and metabolic parameters in dairy cows. Especially, pre-partum nutrition and its influence on lactation are emphasized. In recent decades the increase in genetic potential of dairy cows has increased milk yield. This fact sharpens the problem of a negative energy balance in early lactation because the amount of energy required for maintenance and milk production exceeds the amount of energy cows can consume. Around parturition, reduced feed intake reinforces the situation. Continuing negative energy balance causes decreasing milk yield, fertility problems, and incidence of metabolic diseases. Hence, the cow has to rely on body reserves that were stored in late lactation and the dry period. It is evident that the nutritional status pre-partum acts as the key factor for milk yield and fertility parameters in the following lactation. Cows overfed during the foregoing gestation and which have gained large quantities of body fat have lower dry matter intake along with the need to mobilize larger quantities of body reserves in lactation. The milk yield in the following lactation is lower than in cows fed according to their requirements. Cows restrictively fed in late gestation have a higher feed intake in lactation and a lower mobilization of body reserves. The effect of energy intake post-partum plays only a minor role for performance parameters in lactation. Lipid mobilized from body reserves makes a substantial contribution to the energetic cost of milk production in early lactation and adipose tissue undergoes specific metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue is degraded to free fatty acids, which are used in liver for energy purposes. High lipid mobilisation promotes the development of a fatty liver and therefore a reduced gluconeogenesis.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2004

A sucrose-agar globule (SAG) was newly introduced to increase production of the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal spores, Gigaspora gigantea and Glomus fasciculatum. An SAG inoculum and a sucrose-agar globule with root exudates (SAGE) inoculum were prepared, and their spore productions were compared with a soil inoculum. When the SAGE was used as the inoculum on sucrose-agar medium plates the number of spores was increased (35% more than the soil inoculum). After the soil inoculum and SAGE were inoculated on an experimental plant, Zingiber officinale, the percentage root colonization, number of VAM spores, and dry matter content were analyzed. It was observed that the SAGE showed a higher percentage of root colonization (about 10% more), and increases in the number of spores (about 26%) and dry matter (more than 13%) for the two VAM fungal spores than the soil inoculum. The results of this study suggested that the SAGE inoculum may be useful for the mass production of VAM fungi and also for the large scale production of VAM fungal fertilizer.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1983

옥수수 흑조위축병의 이병이 심한 남부평야지에서 사일리지 옥수수의 대체 작물을 개발하기 위하여 율무 2품종, 염주 2품종, 수수-수단그래스 교잡종 1품종(Pioneer-988), 옥수수 1품종(광옥)을 공시하여 사료생산성을 검토하고 또 조사료생산에 알맞는 율무와 염주품종의 생육특성을 비교 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한발로 인하여 발아가 지연되어 파종에서 출현까지 일수는 율무와 염주는 30-34일, 수수-수단그래스 교잡종은 18일, 옥수수는 19일이 소요되었다. 2. 생체수량은 율무와 염주를 개화후 40일에 1회 예취한 것과 개화기마다 2회 예취한 것 간에 차이가 없었으나 건물수량 및 가소화건물생산량은 개화후 40일에 1회 예취한 것이 2회 예취한 것보다 많았다. 3. 개화후 40일에 1회 예취한 율무 및 염주의 건물수량은 3회 예취한 수수-수단그래스 교잡종과 차이가 없었으나 옥수수보다는 건물수량이 높았으며 2회 예취한 율무 및 염주의 건물수량은 옥수수 보다 낮았다. 가소화건물생산량은 수수-수단그래스 교잡종이 가장 높고, 옥수수, 염주품종 1의 1회 예취가 그 다음이며 2회 예취한 율무와 염주의 가소화건물생산량이 가장 낮았다. 4. 율무와 염주의 초기생육 및 예취후 재생력은 수수-수단그래스 교잡종보다 현저히 낮았다. 5. 옥수수는 대부분이 흑조위축병에 이병되었고 간장, 수장, 수중, 건물수량 등은 현저히 감소되었다. 6. 율무와 염주 품종 중 사료생산에 알맞는 것은 포가 두껍고 종자가 구형인 염주품종이었으며 초장이 크며, 간경이 굵고, 엽신폭이 넓고, 생초 및 건물수량이 높고 엽신이 총건물중에 차지하는 비율이 커서 조사료생산에는 타 율무 및 염주품종보다 우수하였다. 7. 조곡수량은 율무 및 염주의 품종간에는 차이가 없었으나 염주 품종은 포가 두꺼워 정곡/조곡 비율이 현지히 낮아 정곡수량은 율무품종이 염주품종보다 현저히 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1985

땅콩의 초형, 재배양식에 따른 건물생산능력 및 건물분배율을 구명하고저 virginia소립종, virginia대립종, spanish, valencia, shinpung의 5초형에 속하는 10품종을 공시, 재배양식 2수준(피복, 무피복)으로 하여 시험을 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면다음과 같다. 1. 건물생산량은 피복재배의 경우 virginia-large seed 1,556g/$m^2$, virginia-small seed 1,347g/$m^2$, shinpung 1,307g/$m^2$, spanish 1,170g/$m^2$, valencia 1,120g/$m^2$이었으며 무피복재배에서는 virginia-large seed 1,389g/$m^2$, virginia-small seed 1,267 g/$m^2$, shinpung 1,192g/$m^2$, spanish 1,066g/$m^2$, valencia 1,035g/$m^2$였다. 2. 최대건물생장속도(CGR)는 virginia-large seed 19.61~20.03g/$m^2$/day, virginia-small seed 18.22~23.4lg/$m^2$/day, shinpung 16.33~19.77g/$m^2$/day, spanish 13.86~16.28g/$m^2$/day, valencia 14.97~16.25g/$m^2$/day였다. 3. 엽면적지수(LAI)는 무피복재배보다 피복재배에서 높았는데, 피복재배의 경우 virginia-large seed 17.2 ＞virginia-small seed 7.0 ＞ spanish 5.5 ＞ valencia=shinpung 5.4순이었고, 무피복재배에서는 virginia-large seed 6.1 ＞ virginia - small seed 5.8 ＞ spanish 5.0 ＞ valencia 4.9 ＞ shinpung 4.4 순으로 virginia-large seed가 피복, 무피복재배에서 모두 높았다. 4. 경, 엽, 근의 건물분배율은 생육이 진전됨에 따라 감소하였고 협실의 건물분배율은 증가하는 경향으로등숙초기(7월말)에 있어서 피복재배의 경우 shinpung 86%＞ virginia-small seed 64%＞virginia-large seed 63%＞spanish 45%＞valencia 44%순이었으며 무피복재배에서는 shinpung=spanish=valencia 60%＞ virginia - large seed 45%＞ virginia-small seed 40%순으로 shinpung type이 등숙초기에 건물분배율이 가장 높았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the effect of corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) silage prepared by intercropping method on the nutritive value of the silage, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, dry matter degradability, as well as milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows. In a couple of experiments intercropped corn-soybean silage (CSBS) was compared with corn silage (CS) and/or Italian ryegrass hay (IRG). Numerically, CSBS had higher crude protein, ether extract, and lactic acid contents compared to CS. In vitro rumen fermentation analysis demonstrated that up to a 24-h incubation period, both CS and CSBS showed higher total gas production, ammonia N concentration, and dry matter degradability compared to IRG (p<0.05). The investigation on animals was conducted in a commercial dairy farm located in Gyeongju, South Korea, employing 42 Holstein cows that were divided into 2 group treatments: CS and CSBS in a completely randomized design. Although no significant difference was observed in milk yield, animals fed on CSBS showed significantly higher milk protein (p<0.05) and milk fat content (p<0.01), compared to animals fed on CS. Taken together, our findings indicate that corn-soybean silage that is cultivated, harvested, and prepared through intercropping can improve the protein content of the silage, and can also enhance in vitro rumen fermentation, dry matter degradability, and performance of dairy cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1431-1441
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing rice straw with different proportions of cassava pulp on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility, rumen microbial population, energy partitioning and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization in beef cattle. Methods: Eighteen yearling Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with an average initial body weight (BW) of $98.3{\pm}12.8kg$ were allocated to one of three dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 149 days in a randomized complete block design. Three dietary treatments using different proportions of cassava pulp (100, 300, and 500 g/kg dry matter basis) instead of rice straw as a base in a fermented total mixed ration were applied. Animals were placed in a metabolic pen equipped with a ventilated head box respiration system to determine total digestibility and energy balance. Results: The average daily weight gain, digestible intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrate, total protozoa, energy intake, energy retention and energy efficiency increased linearly (p<0.05) with an increasing proportion of cassava pulp in the diet, whereas the three main types of fibrolytic bacteria and energy excretion in the urine (p<0.05) decreased. The metabolizable energy requirement for the maintenance of yearling Thai native cattle, determined by a linear regression analysis, was $399kJ/kg\;BW^{0.75}$, with an efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth of 0.86. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that increasing the proportion of cassava pulp up to 500 g/kg of dry matter as a base in a fermented total mixed ration is an effective strategy for improving productivity in zebu cattle.