• 융합보안논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2018

인터넷과 sns를 이용한 일반인들의 마약거래가 급증하고 있어 사회문제가 되고 있다. 일반인들의 마약수요를 억제하기 위하여 사전에 마약 관련 정보를 제공하여 마약범죄를 예방하는 것이 가장 중요하다. 일반인들은 인터넷과 sns를 이용한 마약거래를 하더라도 적발가능성이 낮다고 판단하여 인터넷과 sns를 이용한 마약거래를 하게 된다. 따라서 인터넷과 sns를 이용한 마약거래의 적발가능성이 높다고 일반인들이 인식하게 한다면 인터넷과 sns를 이용한 마약거래는 감소될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 통제배달기법규정의 구체화와 위장수사제도의 도입을 통해 인터넷과 sns를 이용한 마약거래의 적발가능성을 높인다면 일반인들이 쉽게 인터넷과 sns를 이용한 마약거래를 할 수는 없을 것으로 본다. 이와 함께 마약범죄 처벌규정을 세분화하여 단순마약구매자에 대하여는 처벌보다는 치료위주의 처우를 통해 마약수요를 억제하고 마약공급자에 대한 처벌규정은 강화해야 한다. 마약류 대부분이 해외에서 밀반입되므로 외국에서 마약이 공급될 수 없도록 마약정보의 공유시스템을 구축하고 마약공급국가와 공조와 검색체계의 강화를 통해 인터넷과 sns를 이용하여 국내이용자가 해외에서 들여오는 마약공급을 사전에 차단해야 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2007

수산용 의약품의 목록을 데이터베이스 화 한 어류약물정보시스템엔 상품명, 대상어종, 유효성분, 제조회사명, 적응증(질병) 등 약물에 대한 다양한 자료와 제조회사정보, 식품의 기준 및 규격에 관한 자료가 들어있다. 또한 추후에는 어류 질병에 대한 상세 자료를 데이터베이스 화 한 어류질병정보시스템을 구축할 것이다. 따라서 약물정보시스템과 질병정보시스템을 근간으로 한 어류질병판별시스템에서 질병 판정 후 치료에 필요한 처방전 발행과 약품 주문 등에 응용 활용할 것을 제안한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

A synthesis method for a chitosan-coated magnetic drug-delivery system of cisplatin is proposed. Here, cisplatin was conjugated to the surface of Magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) nanoparticles via a (3-Aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (APTS) coupling agent. To reduce the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, the magnetic drug was then encapsulated in chitosan (CS-cisplatin-$Fe_3O_4$) through the water/oil (W/O) emulsion method. The CS-cisplatin-$Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles were synthesized in a spherical shape with a diameter of 190 nm. The cytotoxicity assay was performed using HeLa cells. The cisplatin uptake of the cells was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to calculate the drug content. The controlled release of cisplatin was demonstrated by regulating the dissolution and diffusion of the drug through the chitosan matrix.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2008

Drug approval-patent linkage is the practice of linking drug marketing approval to the patent status of the originator's product and not allowing the grant of marketing approval to any third party prior to the expiration of the patent term unless by consent of the patent owner. Article 18.9.5 of Korea-US Free Trade Agreement requires that Korea introduce the linkage system in drug marketing approval. However, Korea is unfamiliar with the linkage system. In addition, there have been lots of arguments over the impacts of this system on Korean pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical market in the future. This report investigated the linkage systems of the US and Canada. The US and Canada have implemented drug approval-patent linkage system since 1984 and 1993, respectively. Both countries have patent lists for drug approvalpatent linkage on which originators are required to list patents on substance, product, and use of their drugs. Generic or follow-on drug applicants must contain a certification regarding each patent listed that relates to the referenced drug. If the patent holder files suit for patent infringement within 45 days of notice of application, drug approval is not allowed for several months - 30 months in the US and 24 months in Canada. Both countries have amended their systems after having experienced unexpected results such as listing improper and additional patents, multiple patent litigations and delayed generic entries. After reviewing the US and Canada's experiences, we suggested three principles needed in implementing the system: protecting patent holder's right; promoting generic drug development and marketing; monitoring the process and the effect of the system.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 소매업태 용어 통일화에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 이를 통해 소매 비즈니스 영역의 용어에 대한 혼란을 방지하고자 하였다. 또한 국내 소매업태의 적절하도록 용어정의에 대한 정리를 하고자 한다. 본 연구는 한국유통과학회 산하 유통학정의위원회 책임 하에 이루어졌다. 용어들은 백화점, 슈퍼마켓, 전문점, 편의점, 드럭스토어, 무점포 소매, 할인점, 쇼핑센터, 상점가, 시장과 함께 정의하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1278-1295
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• 2014

The Sixteenth Meeting of the Conferences of Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which was held in March 2013 in Bangkok, Thailand, listed five shark species and one genus, and uplisted one sawfish species. All new species listings will be come into force of the eighteen months delay, on the fourteenth of September, 2014. The purpose of the delay is to support the preparation of the domestic measures on shark trade by the parties, as there has been no previous experience in trading the commercially exploited aquatic species in the CITES. The CITES Secretary-General has visited several potential shark trade countries to encourage and facilitate the implementation of the new CITES listings. The newly listed sharks have been caught as a target or non-target species by Korean distant water fisheries and introduced into Korea. So the establishment or change of the domestic laws, regulations, and measures for the implementation of the new CITES species must be prepared before the effective entry date. This paper is prepared to assess the effects of the trade of the CITES listed shark species, and to suggest effective government service measures for the management of Korean distant water fisheries. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) is the general Management Authority of the CITES, and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is in charge of the medical trade of CITES listed species in Korea. By law, all imported medicines and medical materials must be inspected by the MFDS during the customs examination; this kind of authority sharing is reasonable and effective way of providing government service. Similarly, the designation of new CITES Management Authority for the trade of commercially exploited aquatic CITES species is critical and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), which is now in charge of the trade of fisheries products, is the most appropriate governing body for this purpose in Korea. The revision of the National Plan of Action for Conservation and Management of Sharks, initially submitted to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2011 as a practical guideline for shark conservation in all Korean fisheries, could be a effective measure to achieve unification of conservation of endangered species and sustainable use of fisheries stocks. The proper CITES measures for the trade of listed species, such as the establishment of the documenting system for Non-detriment Findings, domestic measures suitable for the "Introduction from the Sea" clause, species specific Harmonized System Codes for the customs service, and an effective shark catch data reporting system should be in place prior to the fourteenth of September 2014.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.826-834
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• 2003

This research is to reveal an aspect of costume culture and a phase of the cloths in the relationship of the Chosun dynasty, by considering the exported goods from the Chosun dynasty of the trading goods derived by the trade diplomacy between the two countries in the Chosun dynasty-Japan relationship in the 15th and 16th. The research findings, by analyzing various literatures and related documents, follow. The research results are as follow. The exchange was the form of presenting a return present in return for a tribute to the Chosun dynasty from the Japanese envoy, which has a polycentric characteristic. Pusanpo, Naipo, and Yumpo were designated as the open ports, which played a pivotal role in the Korea-Japan exchange. The imported goods were somok, peppers, drug-stuffs, gold, bronze, sulfur, etc. The exported goods were books and cloths, such as hemp cloths, cotton cloths, silk, etc. The majority of exported goods was cloths, particularly cotton cloths. Meanwhile, in the 15th and the 16th century, with expanding of active trade towards Japan, the amount of export increased rapidly. As a result of the increase of exporting cotton cloths, the raw cottons production was increased and cotton cloth manufacturing was developed. However, it also expanded a dual structure of cotton cloths between the cotton cloths for exports and the cotton cloths for domestic markets. This dual structure of cotton cloth was lead to the deterioration of cotton cloths and had an effect on the price increases of domestic markets.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2016

Objective: Written information could be helpful for senior population to adhere to complex medication therapies, but must be well prepared and empirically assessed to achieve such end. We purposed to develop a drug information leaflet for senior citizens by applying 'performance-based user-testing.' Methods: We employed a user-testing, a mixed method to figure difficulties out with patients' leaflets from the user perspective. The cycle made of test and revision can be repeated as necessary. We recruited senior citizens with age of 65 or above who were taking antihypertensive medications at the point of participating and excluded the elderly who suffered illiteracy. We firstly rectified a drug information leaflet of antihypertensive medications for the general public distributed by the Korean authority based on focus group interviews (9 participants). The revised leaflets were tested four times with 8~12 participants in each round (40 seniors in total). We targeted to develop a leaflet which more than 80% of participants understood 10 key information. Main outcomes measures were to be able to find information and be able to understand information. This study was approved by the Yeungnam University Research Ethics Committee. Results: Focus group interviews identified difficulties with small font of words, professional language, long information, and a poor structure. The leaflet was revised and in the first round questionnaire found problems with 4/10 information points; interviews disclosed all but one (normal blood pressure range) were ill-understood. The second round questionnaire and interview found fewer problems but the comprehensiveness of participants was still poor in several points. For the third and fourth rounds we revised the leaflets in the individual-targeted manner. Finally, the fourth round showed all key information found and understood by at least 80% of participants except one question about drug name. Conclusion: The drug leaflets need to be developed in a personalized mode for the seniors. There was a limit for Korean seniors to understand nonproprietary name of their drugs because they used to producers' trade names which the Korean health system predominantly works with.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2014

Pharmacists must be aware of veterinary drugs to prevent abuse and misuse of the drugs, and to ensure the safety of livestock under the veterinarian prescription system. In this study, the awareness of animal pharmacies was surveyed in order to find out the role of animal pharmacies and the necessity of veterinary drug education for pharmacists. Surveys were conducted by 187 animal owners and 115 community pharmacists. 80% of the animal owners had purchased drugs for their animals. 63% of respondents were not aware of the existence of animal pharmacies. The best selling drug class for animals was antiparasitic. The most common drug that respondents wanted to buy in animal pharmacies was also antiparasitic. About 80% of respondents answered affirmatively on the question of whether they would buy the drugs from animal pharmacies regardless of the location of the pharmacies. Most community pharmacists were aware of the existence of animal pharmacies. 70% of pharmacists had considered trading in veterinary drugs. 41% of respondents answered that they did not trade in them because they were not familiar with veterinary drugs. 80% of respondents answered that what they needed most was education in order to increase the number of animal pharmacies. Pharmacies for animal will expand the choice of animal owners, and enable pharmacists to improve their specialty as well as to diversify the pharmacy services. To achieve this, promotion of animal pharmacies and education about veterinary drugs for pharmacists would be needed in regular education system.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2002

전국 23개 식품위생검사기관을 대상으로 $1999{\sim}2000$년도의 2년간 소르빈산 분석검사결과를 수집한 후 연도별, 식품유형별 사용실태를 조사하고 국민영양조사자료에 근거하여 사용대상식품의 유형과 연령에 따른 소르빈산의 실제 섭취량을 산출하였다. 총검사수는 14,129건으로 2,561건(총검사수의 18.13%)의 소르빈산이 검출되었으며 소르빈산의 대상식품별 일일추정섭취량을 산출한 결과, 어육가공품에서 가장 높았다. 소르빈산의 일일추정섭취량은 $3.42{\sim}9.25\;mg/person/day$이었으며 $30{\sim}49$세대가 가장 소르빈산을 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 국민영양조사표에 식품별 1인1일당 섭취량과 소르빈산의 평균검출농도로부터 일일추정섭취량을 산출한 결과, 20.40 mg/person/day로 소르빈산의 ADI를 국민평균체중 55 kg으로 환산한 1,375 mg/person/day와 비교하였을 때 매우 낮았다. 이 결과는 FAO/WHO에서 평가된 일일허용섭취량(ADI)의 1.48%이었으며, 사용가능대상식품의 이론적 최대섭취량(TMDI)의 33.03% 수준이었다.