• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

본 연구는 저관리 경량형 옥상녹화를 위해 맥문동, 울릉국화, 비비추, 돌나물, 잔디의 내건성을 평가하였다. 옥상녹화 식물의 내건성 평가를 위해 용적수분함량, 엽과 토양의 수분포텐셜, 엽록소 a와 b함량, 엽록소형광, 광합성율, 기공전도도, 증산속도, 항산화물질을 측정하였다. 옥상녹화 식물의 내건성 측정결과, 무관수 일수가 경과하면서 용적수분함량 부족에 따라 식물은 점차 고사하는 경향을 보였다. 울릉국화가 가장 먼저 고사하였으며, 그 다음으로 잔디, 비비추, 맥문동 순이었으며, 돌나물은 고사하지 않았다. 비비추, 맥문동, 돌나물은 3주 이상 생존하여 내건성이 높은 식물로 판단되었다. 엽록소 a와 b는 두 가지 유형이 나타났는데, 초기부터 중기까지 일정한 함량을 유지 후, 급격히 감소하는 I유형에는 비비추, 잔디와 초기에는 낮은 함량을 보이다가 중기 때 급격히 증가 후, 감소하는 II유형에는 울릉국화, 맥문동, 돌나물로 구분되었다. 용적수분함량과 증발산량은 모든 식물 종에서 지속적으로 감소하였으며, 엽록소형광 측정결과, 내건성이 상대적으로 높은 돌나물이 가장 늦게 감소하였고, 잔디와 돌나물은 급격한 감소가 나타난 후 고사하였다. 광합성, 기공전도도, 증산속도는 초기에 높은 활성도가 나타났으나, 용적수분함량의 감소로 인하여 식물체가 기공을 닫아 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 항산화물질 측정결과, 건조스트레스가 증가하면 항산화물질의 양 또한 증가하나, 높은 스트레스가 유지되면 이러한 화합물이 지속적으로 소비되므로, 항산화물질의 증감은 내건성 평가 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

식물은 여러 환경스트레스에 적응하기 위해 스트레스 내성 유전자의 발현 혹은 proline, trehalose, glycine betaine (GB) 등과 같이 삼투압을 조절하는 compatible solute를 생성하면서 진화해 왔다. GB는 고염, 저온 등 환경스트레스 조건에서 식물의 엽록체에서 축적되는 물질 중 하나이다. 토양 박테리아 Arthrobacter globiformis에서 분리한 choline oxidase (codA) 유전자는 choline을 GB로 전환하는 기능을 한다. 본 연구에서는 산화스트레스 유도성 SWPA2 프로모터의 발현조절 하에 codA 유전자를 엽록체에 과발현시킨 형질전환 고구마 식물체(SC식물체)를 제작하여 다양한 환경스트레스 조건에서의 특성을 분석하였다. SC 식물체는 methyl viologen (MV)에 의한 산화스트레스와 건조 처리 조건에서 내성 증가를 보였다. $5{\mu}M$ MV 처리시 형질전환 식물체는 GB의 함량이 증가하였고 낮은 수준의 이온 전도도를 보였다. 건조 스트레스 조건에서 형질전환 식물체는 codA 유전자의 발현이 증가하였으며, 대조구 보다 높은 상대수분함량을 유지하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과의 SC식물체는 고염, 건조토양 등 조건 불리지역에 재배하면 바이오매스를 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2013

Drought stress is one of the major yield affecting factor for pepper plant. The effects of PGPRs were analyzed in relation with drought resistance. The PGPRs inoculated pepper plants tolerate the drought stress and survived as compared to non-inoculated pepper plants that died after 15 days of drought stress. Variations in protein and RNA accumulation patterns of inoculated and non-inoculated pepper plants subjected to drought conditions for 10 days were confirmed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and differential display PCR (DD-PCR), respectively. A total of six differentially expressed stress proteins were identified in the treated pepper plants by 2D-PAGE. Among the stress proteins, specific genes of Cadhn, VA, sHSP and CaPR-10 showed more than a 1.5-fold expressed in amount in B. licheniformis K11-treated drought pepper compared to untreated drought pepper. The changes in proteins and gene expression patterns were attributed to the B. licheniformis K11. Accordingly, auxin and ACC deaminase producing PGPR B. licheniformis K11 could reduce drought stress in drought affected regions without the need for overusing agrochemicals and chemical fertilizer. These results will contribute to the development of a microbial agent for organic farming by PGPR.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to determine effects of phosphorus on lignification and carbohydrate metabolism in Kentucky bluegrass under drought stress. Drought stress was induced by reducing of water to plants in pots. Two types of phosphorus were applied as potassium phosphate (PO₄^3-; P) or potassium phosphonate (PO₃^3-; PA) in drought-stressed plants. Drought had significant negative effects on plant growth, as revealed by reduced biomass of shoot. Drought-induced increase of lignin content was concomitant with the increase of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Soluble sugar content was highly increased but fructan content was largely decreased by drought stress. However, the application of phosphorus was efficient to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought. PA application improved reduced shoot growth and relative water content, and inhibited lignification synthesis with a reduction of PAL activity. P or PA application maintained soluble sugar and fructan content at similar levels to controls under drought stress. These results indicate that phosphorus application may mitigate the drought stress by inhibiting the lignification and promoting the fructan assimilation.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2017

Plants have evolved to adapt to abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, and drought stress. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of drought resistance mechanisms by constructing a gene co-expression network in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis L.). This drought stress co-expression network has 1,560 nodes, 4,731 edges, and 79 connected components. Based on genes that showed significant co-expression in the network, drought tolerance was associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species removal by raffinose family oligosaccharides and inositol metabolism. This network could be a useful tool for predicting the functions of genes involved in drought stress resistance in Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2016

DNA methylation은 무수히 많이 발생하는 생리적 및 병리적 측면의 과정에서 관련 유전자의 발현을 조절함으로써 중추적인 역할을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 NtROS2a가 과발현된 형질전환 벼를 육성하고, 그들의 형태적 측면을 관찰하고 스트레스 내성을 검토하였다. 형질전환 식물체는 WT에 비하여 신초의 신장이 작게 나타났다. 저온 스트레스 처리 하에서 NtROS2a 형질전환 벼는 스트레스로 인한 생육 불량을 보였으나 건조 스트레스 처리 하에서는 WT보다는 높은 비율로 회복하여 생존하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 NtROS2a 유전자의 과발현으로 인해 벼가 건조 스트레스에 노출되면 내성을 증진시킨 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2002

Adverse environmental conditions such as drought, high salt and cold/freezing are major factors that reduces crop productivity worldwide. According to a survey, 50-80% of the maximum potential yield is lost by these "environmental or abiotic stresses", which is approximately ten times higher than the loss by biotic stresses. Thus, improving stress-tolerance of crop plants is an important way to improve agricultural productivity, In order to develop such stress-tolerant crop plants, we set out to identify key stress signaling components that can be used to develop commercially viable crop varieties with enhanced stress tolerance. Our primary focus so far has been on the identification of transcription factors that regulate stress responsive gene expression, especially those involved in ABA-mediated stress response. Be sessile, plants have the unique capability to adapt themselves to the abiotic stresses. This adaptive capability is largely dependent on the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), whose level increases under various stress conditions, triggering adaptive response. Central to the response is ABA-regulated gene expression, which ultimately leads to physiological changes at the whole plant level. Thus, once identified, it would be possible to enhance stress tolerance of crop plants by manipulating the expression of the factors that mediate ABA-dependent stress response. Here, we present our work on the isolation and functional characterization of the transcription factors.n factors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1156-1168
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• 2020

Drought stress is threatening the growth and productivity of many economical crops. Therefore, it is necessary to establish innovative and efficient approaches for improving crop growth and productivity. Here we investigated the potentials of the cell-free extract of Actinobacteria (Ac) isolated from a semi-arid habitat (Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia) to recover the reduction in maize growth and improve the physiological stress tolerance induced by drought. Three Ac isolates were screened for production of secondary metabolites, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The isolate Ac3 revealed the highest levels of flavonoids, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addition to having abilities to produce siderophores and phytohormones. Based on seed germination experiment, the selected bioactive fraction of Ac3 cell-free extract (F2.7, containing mainly isoquercetin), increased the growth and photosynthesis rate under drought stress. Moreover, F2.7 application significantly alleviated drought stress-induced increases in H₂O₂, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls). It also increased total antioxidant power and molecular antioxidant levels (total ascorbate, glutathione and tocopherols). F2.7 improved the primary metabolism of stressed maize plants; for example, it increased in several individuals of soluble carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Interestingly, to reduce stress impact, F2.7 accumulated some compatible solutes including total soluble sugars, sucrose and proline. Hence, this comprehensive assessment recommends the potentials of actinobacterial cell-free extract as an alternative ecofriendly approach to improve crop growth and quality under water deficit conditions.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1983년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.26-27
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• 1983

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2018

An efficient method to select drought tolerant Korean native plants using in vitro culture system was established in this study. While the plant growths and root inductions of each plant were proportionately affected by concentrations of mannitol on in vitro culturing seven plant species to test tolerance to osmotic stress, growth index (GI) and number of root induction of Chrysanthemi zawadskii var. latilobum and Dianthus chinensis var. semperflorens plantlets were higher than the others in 125mM mannitol. In test with polyethylene glycol (PEG), plantlets of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis var. semperflorens showed higher GI and number of root induction than the others in 33.3mM. On testing whether the well grown plants under osmotic stress are tolerant to virtual drought stress, there were significant differences in the withering rates of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis and those of were Aster yomena and Centaurea cyanus after 12 days without watering. It was found that significantly lower stomata numbers were shown in both drought tolerant plants than the sensitive plants. Averages of the stomata circumferences and the stomata area in the plantlets of the tolerant species were larger than those of the sensitive plants D. chinensis var. semperflorens showed the lowest transpiration level per unit area. The highest stomatal area per unit area was found in C. zawadskii, followed by D. chinensis var. semperflorens, Aster yomena and C. cyanus. In conclusion, C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis var. semperflorens were more tolerant to drought than other two species. Furthermore in vitro selection was successfully used to screen drought tolerance species of native plant species.