• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제33권5호통권112호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2005

Research was initiated to investigate turf performance under USGA soil system. USGA system 45 centimeters deep was built with rootzone layer, intermediate layer, and drainage layer. Six turfgrass entries were comprised of 3 blends and 3 mixtures from cool-season grasses (CSG). Turfgrass color and quality ratings were best in spring and fall, especially early May to early July and late August to early November. Kentucky bluegrass (KB) consistently produced the greatest performance, while perennial ryegrass (PR) the poorest. Intermediate turf performance between KB and PR was observed with tall fescue (TF). Among CSG mixtures it increased with KB but decreased with PR. There were considerable variations in summer turf Performance. No summer drought injury was found in KB and TF. However, PR showed poor performance through summer as compared with others. Among mixtures, it decreased with PR. It was suggested that PR mix in less than $20\%$ in the mixtures to have an acceptable quality in summer. Cultural intensity also affected it. With lowering mowing height, KB of rhizomatous-type in growth habit kept good quality, while PR and TF with bunch-type in growth habit poor quality. Mowing quality was greatly different among CSG. KB produced clean-cut surface, but PR unclean one. If had an intermediate mowing quality between KB and PR. A great difference in green color retention was observed among CSG. The longest CSG was PR that kept green for 339 days, while the shortest one TF for 267 days. KB continued to keep green for 290 days. The mixtures kept green in color for 292 to 315 days, depending on turfgrass mixing intensity. The greater the PR in content, the longer the green color duration. These results demonstrate that KB was the best and PR the worst among CSG grown in USGA system under a domestic climate, in regards of turf quality, color, mowing quality, summer turf performance and green color duration. KB and TF are most adequate for high-maintenance and low-maintenance area, respectively. In case of mixtures for high-quality turf, it was desirable to use KB-based mixture with PR of below $20\%$ in seeding rate.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.595-605
• /
• 2008

Genome wide transcription analysis in response to stresses is essential to provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. In order to perform transcriptome analysis in Brassica rapa, we constructed a B. rapa oligo microarray, KBGP-24K, using sequence information from approximately 24,000 unigenes and analyzed cold ($4^{\circ}C$), salt (250 mM NaCl), and drought (air-dry) treated B. rapa plants. Among the B. rapa unigenes represented on the microarray, 417 (1.7%), 202 (0.8%), and 738 (3.1%) were identified as responsive genes that were differently expressed 5-fold or more at least once during a 48-h treatment with cold, salt, and drought, respectively. These results were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. In the abiotic stress responsive genes identified, we found 56 transcription factor genes and 60 commonly responsive genes. It suggests that various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and common signaling pathway are working together under the abiotic stresses in B. rapa. In conclusion, our new developed 24K oligo microarray will be a useful tool for transcriptome profiling and this work will provide valuable insight in the response to abiotic stress in B. rapa.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.306-314
• /
• 2018

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) has long been cultivated as an important economic medicinal plant. Owing to the seasonal and long-term agricultural cultivation methods of Korean ginseng, they are always vulnerable to various environmental stress conditions. ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) is an essential plant hormone associated with seed development and diverse abiotic stress responses including drought, cold and salinity stress. By modulating ABA responses, plants can regulate their immune responses and growth patterns to increase their ability to tolerate stress. With recent advances in genome sequencing technology, we first reported the functional features of genes related to canonical ABA signaling pathway in P. ginseng genome. Based on the protein sequences and functional genomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana, the ABA related genes were successfully identified. Our functional genomic characterizations clearly showed that the ABA signaling related genes consisting the ABA receptor proteins (PgPYLs), kinase family (PgSnRKs) and transcription factors (PgABFs, PgABI3s and PgABI5s) were evolutionary conserved in the P. ginseng genome. We confirmed that overexpressing ABA related genes of P. ginseng completely restored the ABA responses and stress tolerance in ABA defective Arabidopsis mutants. Finally, tissue and age specific spatio-temporal expression patterns of the identified ABA-related genes in P. ginseng tissues were also classified using various available RNA sequencing data. This study provides ABA signal transduction related genes and their functional genomic information related to the growth and development of Korean ginseng. Additionally, the results of this study could be useful in the breeding or artificial selection of ginseng which is resistant to various stresses.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.206-206
• /
• 2022

Sustainable agriculture is a potential strategy to enable agricultural cultivation systems to feed the growing population under climate change. Sustainable agriculture consists of environment-friendly farming methods that allow the production of crops with minimal harm to the ecosystem. Early establishment in rice might be helpful to adopt sustainable agriculture with less inputs, such as water and phosphorus fertilizer. Two QTLs conferring tolerance to abiotic stress and low nutrition condition, DTY4.1 and Pup1, respectively, are effective for good establishment in the early growth stage under low water and phosphorus fertilizer application. We developed 'Sechanmi' and 'MSI 1-DTY' harboring Pup1 and DTY4.1 into MS11, a japonica rice variety adaptable to tropical regions, using Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABC). MS 11-PD lines were developed to meet the demand for less water and P fertilizer application throughout the growth stage of rice. In the F5 generation, water-saving or rainfed cultivation was performed in different P (phosphorus) content. Irrigation was applied only when severe drought was observed one month after transplanting. There was no significant difference observed between the parents and MS11-PD lines in low P conditions. However, MS11-PD lines had more tillers in P-supplied conditions compared to that of the parents 40 and 50 days after transplanting. Under the same amount of P, MS11-PD lines might have higher phosphorus uptake capacity than the parents, increasing the number of tillers and showing better early establishment. The better vegetative growth stage is one of the factors that can potentially increase production by way of higher number of panicles. Through this breeding strategy, it is possible to attain sustainable agriculture by applying less P and water to address the need of a growing population.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2008

식물에서 전이인자를 이용한 삽입 변이체의 유전자 기능분석 연구가 최근 가장 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동진벼의 Ac/Ds 삽입 변이체인 F2 세대 30,000 계통을 이용하여 고염과 저온에 민감한 계통과 내성이 있는 계통을 대량 스크리닝을 통해 선발하였다. 첫 번째 스크리닝에서 선발한 212 계통을 Southern blot 분석을 통해 Ds의 삽입여부 및 copy 수를 꽉인하고 표현형과 비교하여 고염과 저온에서 총 19 계통을 선발하였고, 이 중 copy 수가 하나인 계통은 13 계통이었다. 선발한 계통을 FSTs 분석을 통해 Ds의 삽입위치 및 knock-out유전자를 확인하고 염기서열 정보를 이용하여 벼 전체 염기서열 정보와 상동성 비교분석 결과 세포의 신호전달 과정과 조절 관여하는 유전자 그룹인 transpoter, protease family protein and apical meristem family protein, 삼투압조절에 관여하는 유전자 그룹인 heat shock potein, O-methyltransferase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and drought stress Induce protein 그리고 식물의 소포유통(vesicle trafficking)에 관여하는 유전자 SYP 5 family protein로 구분할 수 있었다. 선발된 19개 유전자의 발현 분석을 위해 9종류 비생물학적 스트레스 하에서 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 이들 knock-out 유전자는 비생물학적 스트레스에 각각 다른 발현 패턴을 보였다. 이 연구의 결과는 삽입 변이체를 통한 유전자의 기능분석에 있어서 비생물학적인 스트레스의 응답 반응계에 관여하는 유전자를 연구하는데 유용할 것이라고 생각된다.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.261-270
• /
• 2009

1. 본 연구에서는 완두유래의 세포질성 PsAPX1 유전자를 대상으로 산화스트레스 유도성 프로모터를 연결하여 엽록체에 targeting 되는 과발현 운반체를 제작하고 벼에 도입한 결과 형질전환체에서 도입유전자 수가 1~3 copy인 것으로 나타나, 적은 수의 유전자가 안정적으로 도입되었음을 확인하였다. 2. 염, 오존, 자외선, 한발과 같은 다양한 환경스트레스 조건에서 내성이 증진된 우수 계통을 선발하기 위하여 작성된 형질전환 벼 계통들을 대상으로 생물검정을 실시한 결과, 독립계통별로 스트레스원에 대한 반응에 차이가 있음을 확인하였으며, 오존이나 자외선과 같은 산화스트레스 조건에서 내성이 증진된 우수 계통들을 선발하였다. 3. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 다양한 환경스트레스에 내성이 증진된 우수한 형질전환 벼 계통들을 선발하기 위하여 최소한의 독립라인을 작성하여야 함을 확인하였으며, 선발된 계통들은 새로운 육종 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1970

The rice variety, Kwanok, was reared in the water and land beds and transplanted to the reclaimed soil area, having an average salt concentration of 0.39%. Two levels of the moderate and late season cultures with 4 treatments were used. The K and Si contents of the stem part of land bed seedlings were somewhat smaller, but total carbohydrate remarkably larger, the C/N ratio was accordingly greater than water bed seedlings. The rooting ability of land bed seedlings was vigorous markedly in culture solutions, to which added various concentrations of NaCl, The rooting ability of each seedling water not much declined in theculturing solution of up to 9.4mmhos/cm, (0.6%) of salt concentration, but it was drastically declined in the salt concentration over that. It seemed that the critical salt concentration for the rooting rice plant. The land bed seedlings in each salty condition markedly decreased compared with the water bed seeldings in transpiration rate and it showed a stronger drought resistance and contained a large amount of chlorophyll at transplanting stage, and also showed higher stability of chlorophyll at rooting stage in the salt treatment. The number of panicles, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and ratio of matured grains of the rice plant grown by the land bed seedlings were much greater and 1,000 grain weight was less than from water bed seedlings. The cultural practices with the land bed seedlings increased the rough rice yields by 15% and 11%, respectively, compared with the yields of the moderate and late season cultures by water bed seedlings.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 1999

Fructans are polyfructose molecules that function as nonstructural storage carbohydrates in several plants. In addition, it has been suggested that, due to their solubility, they can play an important role in helping plants survive periods of osmotic stress. In order to study the effect of levan synthesis on plant growth, the coding region of the levansucrase gene, which was isolated from Zymomonas mobilis, was introduced into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The presence of the levansucrase gene in transgenic plants was verified by genomic DNA gel blot analysis. RNA gel blot and immunoblot analyses showed an accumulation of the corresponding transcript and protein product of the bacterial levansucrase gene in transgenic plants. Furthermore, a thin layer chromatography analysis revealed that fructans were synthesized and deposited in transgenic tobacco plants. When $T_1$ seeds were germinated and grown under polyethylene glycol-mediated drought stress or cold stress, the transgenic seedlings displayed a substantially higher level of growth than that of untransformed plants. These results suggest that fructans may playa significant role in the tolerance of plants under osmotic stress.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.168-179
• /
• 2015

We previously identified the rice gene, OsSAP, as an encoder of a highly conserved putative senescence-associated protein that was shown to have anti-apoptotic activity. To confirm the role of OsSAP in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in rice, we introduced OsSAP and AtBI-1, a plant homologue of Bax inhibitor-1, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter into the rice genome through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The OsSAP transformants showed a similar chlorophyll index after salinity treatments with AtBI-1. Furthermore, we compared the effects of salinity stress on leaves and roots by examining the hormone levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin in transformants compared to the control. With the exception of phytohormones, stress-induced changes in hormone levels putatively related to stress tolerance have not been investigated previously. Hormonal level analysis confirmed the lower rate of stress in the transformants compared to the control. The levels of ABA and JA in OsSAP and AtBI-1 transformants were similar, where stress rates increased after one week and decreased after a two week period of drought; there was a slightly higher accumulation compared to the control. However, a similar trend was not observed for the level of zeatin, as the decrease in the level of zeatin accumulation differed in both OsSAP and AtBI-1 transformants for all genotypes during the early period of salinity stress. The GA3 level was detected under normal conditions, but not under salinity stress.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2010

[ ${\Delta}^1$ ]pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is a proline biosynthetic pathway enzyme and is known for conferring enhanced salt and drought stress in transgenics carrying this gene in a variety of plant species; however, the wild-type P5CS is subjected to feedback control. Therefore, in the present study, we used a mutagenized version of this osmoregulatory gene-P5CSF129A, which is not subjected to feedback control, for producing transgenic indica rice plants of cultivar Karjat-3 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We have used two types of explants for this purpose, namely mature embryo-derived callus and shoot apices. Various parameters for transformation were optimized including antibiotic concentration for selection, duration of cocultivation, addition of phenolic compound, and bacterial culture density. The resultant primary transgenic plants showed more enhanced proline accumulation than their non-transformed counterparts. This proline level was particularly enhanced in the transgenic plants of next generation ($T_1$) under 150 mM NaCl stress. The higher proline level shown by transgenic plants was associated with better biomass production and growth performance under salt stress and lower extent of lipid peroxidation, indicating that overproduction of proline may have a role in counteracting the negative effect of salt stress and higher maintenance of cellular integrity and basic physiological processes under stress.