• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to improve of fittness and coverage rate of exporting domestic clothing to China for Chinese Adult Female. For study, It was measured 1381 female women aged between 19 and 50 who resident in Beijing and Shanghai in China. as a sample, 1360 female women was seleted for development of apparel sizing system. As for the method of this study was made of 111 items by indirect measures done during Jun. 23 $\sim$ Aug. 7, 2004. Data analysis were processed by SPSS WIN 10.0 Program was used to for technical statistical analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test), duncan's multiple test. The result was as follows: Chinese Adult women's constitutional components determined by factor analysis, six components could be identified: factor 1:constitutional obesty and width size, factor 2: longistudinal body size, factor 3: shoulder form and size, factor 4: longistudinal upper body size, factor 5: under body size, factor 6: shoulder dropping. According to the Women's Wear Specifications(GB/T 1335.2-1997) by drop, body types of Chinese Adult female was classified into six types, it was Y, A, B, C and Z, D. In order, A type as standard somatotype(49.8%), B type(26.9%), Y type (18.8%), C type(2.9%). Y type had the average height and shoulder, bust girth. They were slimmer in overall terms. A type had a normal obesity and body size in height, shoulder, bust girth. They were average Chinese Women. B type had a smaller then A type. They were more obes and thick waist girth. C type had the highest obesity, the widest shoulder and bust girth, and thick waist girth. The characteristics of each body type following the body type structure factor are Y-type for slender type, A-type for standard type, B-type for slightly large type, and C-type for obese type. For each region, the Beijing area had in the order of A-type, Y-type, B-type and C-type, and the Shanghai area had in the order of A-type, B-type, Y-type and C-type.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Herbe-medicine used for eye disease(Sean-tang, Jinpi-san, Tangpo-san, Copitdis Rhizoma) on Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis. Methods : After administering various herbal eye drops on Staphylococcus epidermidis, I measured MIC and the size of inhibition zone. MIC was measured by dropping from 20 to $50{\mu}{\ell}$ according to density. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume under 2 days culture condition. Also continuous anti-bacterial potency of herbal eye drops was measured by the size of inhibition zone according to 2 days and 6 days culture each under the $50{\mu}{\ell}$ condition. Results : 1. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Sean-tang, Jinpi-san was 1%, $50{\mu}{\ell}$ 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Tangpo-san, Coptidis rhizoma was 10%, $50{\mu}{\ell}$ 3. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Cravit was 0.1%, $20{\mu}{\ell}$. 4. Under the 2 days culture condition, the size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus epidermidis by volume for Sean-tang was 10.0mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Jinpi-san was 16.0mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Tangpo-san was 17.5mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Coptidis rhizoma was 31.0mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$ and Cravit was 34mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, showed the highest anti-bacterial potency. 5. Under the $50{\mu}{\ell}$ condition, the size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus epidermidis by 2 and 6 culture days for Sean-tang was 47.5mm in 6days, Jinpi-san was 36.0mm in 6days, Tangpo-san was 45.0mm in 6 days and Cravit was 48.0mm in 6 days, which showed the highest anti-bacterial potency. 6. Under the $50{\mu}{\ell}$ culture condition, the size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus epidermidis by 2 and 6 culture days for Coptidis rhizoma was 31.0mm in 2 days and 6 days, which showed the same anti-bacteria1 potency. Conclusions : The present author think that Herbe-medicine used for eye disease can be used to cure Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis and if further study is performed, the use of the Herbe-medicine used for eye disease will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develope the observing methods for density of stink bugs in soybean reproductive stage. The adults and nymphs of bean bug, Riptortus clavatus, red-banded shield bug, Piezodous hybneri, green stink bug, Nezara antennata, Sole bug, Dolycoris baccarum, and brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys were observed by three observing methods such as beating, sweeping net, and visual counting methods in the full bloom (R2), full pod (R4) and beginning maturity (R7) of soybean. As a result, total number of stink bugs observed was the highest with 5,214.2 by beating method, and then was 2,581.8 by visual counting method, and was the lowest with 103.1 by sweeping net method. Total number of stink bugs observed by the beating and visual counting methods was P. hybneri, followed by N. antennata, H. halys, R. clavatus and D. baccarum with clear difference in observed number of each stink bugs while total number of stink bugs observed by sweeping net method was very low in the range of 18 to 23. Accordingly, the observed density of stink bugs exception of R. clavatus adult by beating method was generally high. However, the number of R. clavatus adult was more observed by flushing method than that by beating method from the beginning bloom (R1) to full maturity (R8), and was more observed at morning time than that at afternoon time. Therefore, two observation methods that flushing method for R. clavatus and beating method for the other stink bugs were recommended for the occurring density of stink bugs in soybean because both bean bug and pentatomidae stink bugs have distinct behavior characteristics such as flying and dropping.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out the effects of artificial shrinkage (AS) on post-thaw development of bovine embryos. The blastocoelic cavity of blastocyst was punctured to remove its fluid contents and then incubated in the holding medium (HM) for 10 min. The punctured and non-punctured (control) blastocysts were equilibrated in vitrification solution 1 (VS1; TCM-199+20% FBS+10% EG) for 5 min and vitrification solution 2 (VS2; TCM199+20% FBS+35% EG+5% PVP+0.5 M Sucrose) for 1 min and vitrified by direct dropping into the liquid nitrogen. Vitrified blastocysts (punctured and control) were thawed and cultured in vitro (12 hr) for studying survival and hatching rates. The levels of shrinkage were measured by the volume of the blastocyst during equilibration in VS1 (at 1, 3 and 5 min of equilibration) and VS2 (at 30 and 60 sec of equilibration) that was considering the volume of non-punctured blastocyst in HM as 100%. The levels of shrinkage were higher in punctured group (62.4, 64.6, 64.3% at 1, 3 and 5 min in VS1; 50.6 and 52.7% at 30 and 60 sec in VS2) than control group (84.8, 86.6, 86.4% at 1, 3 and 5 min in VS1; 72.1 and 68.8% at 30 and 60 sec in VS2), but within each group the levels of shrinkage were similar. The survival (90.9%) and hatching (50.0%) rates of vitrified blastocysts at 12 hr post-thaw were higher in punctured group than that in control group (76.9% and 0.0% respectively). We confirmed that vitrification solutions (VS1 and VS2) have no toxic effect on the survival of blastocysts because the survival rates of blastocysts exposed to VS1 and VS2 for 24 hr were similar between punctured and control groups (94.3 vs. 96.0%; p>0.05). In conclusion, the preliminary data show that AS of blastocyst may improve survival and hatching rate after thawing.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2008

This research was carried out to test and analyze capacity of the long distance sprayer fan in large livestock farmhouses. Long distance sprayer was manufactured to be able to spray a lot of water, which was a solvent for agricultural chemicals and black dye with the maximum spraying distance of 140 m and the effective spraying distance of 100 m. The spraying quantity and the distance were measured the intensity values of images within A4 papers, which absorbed the agricultural chemicals by spraying by binary image processing. These A4 papers were fixed upon the height of 1 m from soil ground at regular 10 m interval. After the A4 papers were collected and analyzed the intensity values of gray level. Gray level was ranged from 0 to 255, where 0 was black and 255 was white. A4 paper was fallen down from the stick at 10 m distance, because there were too large amount of sprayed water with black dye. Also, the paper showed low gray level at distance 30 m because of dropping lots of black water. The intensity value of gray level was showed almost less than 200 on the A4 papers between the distance 20 m and 100 m, which meant equality of spraying quantity. Additionally, it was possible to spay agricultural chemicals of until 180 m. Throughout this research, long distance sprayer could apply for preventing hoof-and-mouth disease in large livestock farmhouses.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.236-240
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical properties of soils under plastic house cultivation in northern Gyeonggi province(Yangju gun and Paju gun) in 1992. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Distributions of soil texture were in the order of sand loam(65%), silt loam(25%) and loam(5%). 2. Content of soil nutrient varied with difference with soil management practices and years of cultivation and chemical properties of soils. 3. Soil pH, Ca/Mg ratio and Mg/K ratio tended to be low, while other parameters high. 4. The average application rates of poultry dropping, cow dung and piggery waste were 6.0, 4.5, and 2.0ton/10a, respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

The most significant effect of excess water in wetlands is the isolation of the soil from the atmosphere and the prevention of O2 from diffusing into soil. The blockage of atmospheric O2 induces biological and chemical processes that change soil from oxidized into reduced state. When dry soil develop into hydric soil, redox potential is dropping. The redox potential is a indicator of hydric soil and affect chemical function of wetlands. To reveal characteristics of wetland soil, redox potential was measured in Jinkwannaedong ecological conservation area from May in 2003 to March in 2004. Redox potentials in May ranged from 5 mV at 25 cm depth to 200 mV at 10 cm depth. It decreased to about -200 m V at all depths and continued until October. In winter, redox potential was slowly increased; it was the highest at 5 cm depth and lowest at 20 cm depth. Annual variations of redox potential in 20 cm depth showed the same pattern at 5 sites; low in growing season and high in non-growing season. This results indicates that soils of study sites are in hydric state and methanogenesis is occurring in Jinkwannaedong ecological conservation area.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2010

We have studied methods to save Si source during the fabrication process of crystalline Si solar cells. One way is to use a thin silicon wafer substrate. As the thickness of the wafers is reduced, mechanical fractures of the substrate increase with the mechanical handling of the thin wafers. It is expected that the mechanical fractures lead to a dropping of yield in the solar cell process. In this study, the mechanical properties of 220-micrometer-solar grade Cz p-type monocrystalline Si wafers were investigated by varying saw-damage etching conditions in order to improve the flexural strength of ultra-thin monocrystalline Si solar cells. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution were used as etching solutions. Etching processes were operated with a varying of the ratio of KOH and TMAH solutions in different temperature conditions. After saw-damage etching, wafers were cleaned with a modified RCA cleaning method for ten minutes. Each sample was divided into 42 pieces using an automatic dicing saw machine. The surface morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical microscopy. The thickness distribution was measured by micrometer. The strength distribution was measured with a 4-point-bending tester. As a result, TMAH solution at $90^{\circ}C$ showed the best performance for flexural strength.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

A nano-stereolithouaphy (NSL) apparatus has been developed for fabrication of microstructures with the resolution of 150 nanometers. In the NSL process, a complicated 3D structure can be fabricated by building layer by layer, so it does not require any sacrificial layer or any supporting structure. A laminated layer was fabricated by means of solidifying liquid-state monomers using two-photon absorption (TPA) which was induced by a femtosecond laser. When the fabrication of a 3D laminated structure was finished, unsolidified liquid-stage resins were removed to develop the fabricated structure by dropping several droplets of solvent, then the polymerized structure was only left on the glass substrate. A microstructure is fabricated by vector scanning method to save the fabrication time. The shell thickness of a structure is very thin within 200 nm, when it is fabricated by a single contour scanning (SCS) path. So, a fabricated structure can be deformed easily in the developing process. In this work, a double contour scanning (DCS) method was proposed to reinforce the strength of a shell typed structure, and a microcup was fabricated to show the usefulness of the developed NSL system and the DCS method.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2003

With the 1 ton/day-class entrained-bed gasification system, heavy residual oil from local refinery was gasified at the operating conditions of 1,000~1,20$0^{\circ}C$ and 3 $kg_f$/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in order to determine the variation of syngas composition, carbon conversion, and cold gas efficiency. Produced syngas consists of mainly CO, H$_2$, $CO_2$, and the methane concentrations. Results yielded a maximum syngas composition of 45% H$_2$ and 26%, CO at the 31 kg/hr feeding condition. The maximum carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency were 87% and 68%, respectively at the feeding conditions of 20 kg/hr and oxygen/feed ratio of 1.2. When oxygen feeding amount that is one of the most important operating parameter in gasification was increased, concentration of hydrogen in the syngas is greatly increased comparing to the concentration of CO and $CO_2$. The temperature exhibited about 11$0^{\circ}C$ raise while oxygen/feed ratio changed from 0.6 to 1.2. Methane concentration showed enhanced dropping rate with increase in gasifier temperature and the useful relationship between the gasifier temperature and methane concentration existed such that it can be employed as an indirect measure of inside gasifier temperature.