• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2011

The fruit of Actinidia arguta (AA) has been used mainly for the treatment of skin diseases, diuresis, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis in Korean traditional medicine. It is known that AA (hardy kiwi) fruit extract has an effect on 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Mode of action for it is associated with the modulation of biphasic Th1/Th2 cytokines. Furthermore, DA9102 containing AA is a herbal medicine currently under phase II clinical trial for atopic dermatitis in Korea. However, no active principles of AA on the decrease of Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-10 have been identified. In this study, bioactivity-guided fractionation of an alcohol extract from the dried fruits of AA using ELISA assay for IL-4 production led to the isolation of $\alpha$-linolenic acid (I), linoleic acid (II), ethyl linolenate (III), ethyl linoleate (IV) and ethyl stearate (V) as the major active components. These compounds showed the down-regulatory effects of IL-4 production in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells without cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2007

Dried unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miq. were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc fraction, four triterpenoids were isolated through repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. From the result of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS aud IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as tormentic acid (1), myrianthic acid (2), hovenic acid (3) and 2${\alpha}$,3${\beta}$,19${\beta}$,23-tetrahydroxylolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4). Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated for the first time from this plant. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human colon carcinoma cells using in vitro three-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, compound 3 showed a higher cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$ = 7.8 ${\mu}M$) than doxorubicin ($IC_{50}$= 50 ${\mu}M$).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Responses of Botryosphaeria dothidea to interrupted wetness periods were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Conidia of B. dothidea were allowed to germinate on apple fruits under wetting condition at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr. They were air-dried for 0, 1, 2 or 4 hr, and then rewetted at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr. Following an initial wetness period of 5 hr, 83% of the conidia germinated. The percent conidial germination increased to 96% when wetting was extended continuously another 5 hr. However, no further conidial germination was observed when wetting was interrupted by dry periods of 1, 2 and 4 hr, resulting in 83, 81 and 82%, respectively. The mean length of the germ tubes was $37{\mu}m$ after 5 hr of wetting and elongated to $157{\mu}m$ after 10 hr of continuous wetting. On the other hand, interruption of wetting by a dry period of 1 hr or longer after the 5 hr of initial wetting arrested the germ tube elongation at approximately $42{\mu}m$ long. Prolonged rewetting up to 40 hr did not restore germ tube elongation on slide glasses under substrate treatments. Model simulation using weather data sets revealed that ending infection periods by a dry period of at least 1 hr decreased the daily infection periods, avoiding the overestimation of infection warning. This information can be incorporated into infection models for scheduling fungicide sprays to control apple white rot with fewer fungicide applications.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

In order to isolate antimicrobial substances from Schizandra chinensis, the dried fruits were extracted with the methanol and the extract showed a strong antimicrobial activity. Also, the methanol exract was further fractionated with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and buthanol. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. These fraction were further separated by using various chromatographic methods including thin layer chromatography, silicagel open column chromatography and prep. HPLC. A major component S-EA-5-T1 and S-EA-5-T3 from the ethyl acetate fraction, which showed a strong antimicrobial activity was identified by Mass and NMR spectrometry. Two compounds were isolated and identified as trimethylcitrate and the essential oil of Schizandra chinensis and was estimated as gomisin C, respectively. The growth of S. typhimurium was also inhibited about 1.65 to 2.86 log cycle in minced pork by the addition 1% of Schizandra chinensis extract for 12 days at $4^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that these compounds have a strong potential as a natual food preservatives.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.594-606
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• 2015

Acculturation may manifest dietary behavioral changes of students from overseas. This study investigated the dietary attitudes, food intakes, and dietary behaviors of 121 Chinese college students residing in Busan, Korea. Using a focus group interview and structured survey, subjects were divided into two groups (SG, LG) based on their self-rated acculturation status. The SG (n=70) and LG (n=51) groups consisted of participants that had resided in Korea for shorter than 18 months versus 18 months or longer, respectively. The SG group was more likely to point out the taste of Korean foods as being too sweet, salty, and spicy but less greasy. A food frequency questionnaire was developed to assess normal intake of Korean ethnic, Chinese ethnic, and common foods. The LG group consumed more Korean foods such as rice cake, dried laver, and radish kimchi but less Chinese foods such as bread glue ball and kidney bean. The LG group consumed more salty and fatty foods and Korean liquors, whereas the SG group consumed more fruits and noodles. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, the SG group showed significantly higher scores for "dietary regularity" but lower scores for "indulgence of unhealthful food" factors. In summation, the LG group became more accustomed to Korean foods and adopted less desirable dietary behaviors compared with the SG group. Findings suggest that the residential period of Chinese college students may be associated with their self-rated acculturation status and food acculturation process, and therefore tailored nutrition education programs are needed to support Chinese students' healthier dietary behaviors and food acculturation process.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1994

Gugija, Lycium fructus, grown widely in Korea has long been used as a chinese herbal medicine. For utilization as a new resource in food industry, and as a fundamental study for processing various gugija products, the chemical compositions of Lycium fructus were studied. Three different kinds of free sugar were analyzed by HPLC, and the composions were glucose, 5.6% : fructose, 5.81% : sucrose, 4.39%, respectively. Free amino acids isolated as a major components in dried Lycium fructus were aspartic acid/asparagine, and glutamic acid/glutamine. The major fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, and these composed about 82.98~89.64% of total fatty acids. There are not much differences in contents of the major fatty acids among varieties in the fruits, Lycium fructus. The $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Fe^{{+}{+}}$ contents of chinese variety were higher than those of other fruit varities studied.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.338-352
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• 1999

This research was carried to investigate the food preference of students, from elementary school, middle school, high school, university and industrial workers on Jinju, Sacheon and Jinyang by age and sex. The results were obtained as follows. In case of rice as the stationary food, plain white boiled rice showed the highest preference among all the groups. Most of groups liked most of one-dish meals such as kimbab, fried rice with kimchi, dumplings and bibimbab, especially the elementary school students and middle school students. On the other hand, high percentage of industrial workers disliked the western food such as pizza, hamburger and sphagetti. Most of subjects liked jajangmun, nangmun and bibimgooksu as noodles. As the side dishes generally they prefer the soup to stew. Male prefer the soup with beef and female prefer soup with vegetables. Stew with kimchi and stew with soybean paste showed high preference among most of groups. Most of broil food showed high preference, and students prefer meat to fish as broil cooking materials especially younger students. As a general they liked soybean sprout, spinach and wild sesame leaf as namul cooking method and they liked korean cabbage kimchi, chonggak kimchi, kackdoogi and dongchimi as kimchi. As a dessert subjects liked most of fruits and they liked yoghurt, fruit juice, milk, sikhae and soda as drinks generally. On the other hand snacks such as cooky, candy, cake, corn, rice cake, sweet potato have the lowest percentage preferance as a dessert, but students from elementary schools showed the highest preferance to sweet such as cooky, cake and candy than any other group. These food preferance results showed some nutritional problems especially young age students. They should eat more green-yellow vegetables, liver food and dried small sardine and they should reduce snacks such as candy and cooky and soda drinks. Therefore it is necessary to conduct nutrition education by parents, teachers and dietician together to improve their food habits and their health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

Purpose: This literature review was performed to assess the effect of raisins on human health. Methods: A review of Medline was conducted using the keywords: 'raisins, raisins and health, raisins and cardiovascular disease (CVD), raisins and cancer, raisins and diabetes, raisins and fiber, raisins and colon health, raisins and antioxidants, raisins and inflammation, raisins and dental caries'. The reference lists from previous review articles on raisins and human health and the California Raisin Marketing Board files were reviewed for additional studies. Results: Raisins have one of the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant ORAC levels compared to other traditional dried fruits. Many of the polyphenols in raisins are well assimilated and bioavailable. Raisin consumption reduces low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar, when compared to equal caloric carbohydrate snacks and is associated with a reduced risk of CVD. The anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive effects of raisins are mixed. Raisin consumption reduces intestinal transit time and positively affects gut microbiota. Raisins produce sustained energy during long term athletic competitions equal to traditional sports energy gels, shots and jelly beans. Raisins produce a non-cariogenic oral environment and do not fit the American Academy of Pediatrics criteria to be considered a choking hazard. Conclusions: Based on the review of literature, consumption of raisins provide numerous health benefits for promoting general wellness and in the prevention of many chronic diseases including: CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) gastrointestinal diseases, and dental caries.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2001

We conducted this study to investigate the effect of methanol extract from Mulberry Fruit on the lipid metabolism and liver function in cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemia rats. We used 5 Mulberry Fruit varieties, including Daeryukppong, Kuksang 20, Subongppong, Wild variety and Cataneo. The yield of methanol extract from freezing dried Mulberry Fruits was 43.5-64.6%. Animal treated with Wild variety from Mulberry Fruit showed the decrease in body weight, food efficiency ratios, serum triglyceride (85%), and GOT value (86%). Our results suggest the hypolipidemic action of Wild variety from Mulberry Fruit.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2021

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of EtOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of three compounds (1-3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (MS, 1D and 2D-NMR) and comparison with literature values, as naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (1), helichrysetin (2), and cardamomin (3). Compound 2 was obtained from the genus Amomum for the first time. Among them, compounds 2 and 3 inhibited on the release of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells, with 99.1 and 21.3% at the concentration of 50 μM, respectively.