• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1999

High negative pressure coefficient is formed in the corner of the bluff body structures. For many curtain wall designers this phenomena is of interest because this high negative pressure coefficient is adopted in structural calculation. The present study is aimed to investigate shedding vortex characteristics of two-dimensional rectangular prism flow. Unsteady calculation by finite difference method based upon SOLA is carried out for three aspect ratios(1:1, 1:2, 1:3) of Re=10$^4$ in viscous incompressible flow within infinite domain. Fluctuation of velocity components at various pick-up points and time variation of drag and lift coefficients are analysed by FFT method to reveal shedding vortex frequency patterns. At aspect ratio 1:1, one primary Strouhal number appears for about all pick-up points. At aspect ratio 1:2, two representative Strouhal numbers are classified by pick-up positions and their flows show two different reattachment patterns. For aspect ratio 1:3, frequency spectrum maintains multiple peaks.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권25호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1995

At the running speed higher than 250 km/h, several aerodynamic problems such as the increase of aerodynamic resistance, aerodynamic noise, pressure fluctuation at the tunnel entry, impulsive wave at the tunnel exit bring about the power consumption, deterioration of riding quality, and severe environmental noise. To solve these aerodynamic problems, the flow phenomena around the high speed train have to be analyzed in detail. In this study, the flow around the train is modelled as the 2-dimensional viscous compressible flow and the flow field is calculated numerically for the three different types of geometry and running speed. The aerodynamic drag coefficient and the pressure coefficient are evaluated each case.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.799-809
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• 2020

In this study, the supercavitating flow of a high-velocity moving body near air-water surface is calculated and analyzed based on a commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent. The effect of regular wave parameters including both wave height and wavelength on the cavitating flow and force characteristics of a body at different velocities is investigated. It is found that the cavity shape, lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the body vary periodically with wave fluctuation, and the variation period is basically consistent with wave period. When the wavelength is much greater than the cavity length, the effect of wave on supercavitation is the alternating effect of axial compression and radial compression. However, when the wavelength varies around the cavity length, the cavity often crosses two adjacent troughs and is compressed periodically by the two wave troughs. With the variation of wavelength, the average area of cavity shows a different trend with the change of wave height.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2292-2314
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• 2006

Efficient numerical method is developed for the prediction of aerodynamic noise generation and propagation in low Mach number flows such as aeolian tone noise. The proposed numerical method is based on acoustic/viscous splitting techniques of which acoustic solvers use simplified linearised Euler equations, full linearised Euler equations and nonlinear perturbation equations as acoustic governing equations. All of acoustic equations are forced with immersed surface dipole model which is developed for the efficient computation of aerodynamic noise generation and propagation in low Mach number flows in which dipole source, originating from unsteady pressure fluctuation on a solid surface, is known to be more efficient than quadrupole sources. Multi-scale overset grid technique is also utilized to resolve the complex geometries. Initially, aeolian tone from single cylinder is considered to examine the effects that the immersed surface dipole models combined with the different acoustic governing equations have on the overall accuracy of the method. Then, the current numerical method is applied to the simulation of the aeolian tones from twin cylinders aligned perpendicularly to the mean flow and separated 3 diameters between their centers. In this configuration, symmetric vortices are shed from twin cylinders, which leads to the anti-phase of the lift dipoles and the in-phase of the drag dipoles. Due to these phase differences, the directivity of the fluctuating pressure from the lift dipoles shows the comparable magnitude with that from the drag dipoles at 10 diameters apart from the origin. However, the directivity at 100 diameters shows that the lift-dipole originated noise has larger magnitude than, but still comparable to, that of the drag-dipole one. Comparison of the numerical results with and without mean flow effects on the acoustic wave emphasizes the effects of the sheared background flows around the cylinders on the propagating acoustic waves, which is not generally considered by the classic acoustic analogy methods. Through the comparison of the results using the immersed surface dipole models with those using point sources, it is demonstrated that the current methods can allow for the complex interactions between the acoustic wave and the solid wall and the effects of the mean flow on the acoustic waves.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수중익 배치와 종모멘트 특성이 전몰형 수중익선의 종방향 운동 안정성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 Tandem 수중익 모형의 시험을 통하여 고찰한다. 먼저, Canard 날개배치를 가지는 Tandem 수중익 모형을 제작하고 수중익의 양력 및 항력 계측 실험을 수행하여 양력 및 항력 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 종방향 운동의 초기 안정성과 자기 안정성을 가지는 Tandem 수중익 모형의 날개 배치를 결정하였다. Tandem 수중익 모형의 종안정성 시험에서는 선수 및 선미 수중익의 종방향 간격 변화와 종모멘트의 자기안정성 변화에 따른 Pitch 및 Heave 운동 특성, 익주 상태의 종안정성을 평가하였다. 먼저, Canard 날개배치를 가지는 Tandem 수중익 모형을 제작하고 수중익의 양력 및 항력 계측 실험을 수행하여 양력 및 항력 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 종방향 운동의 초기 안정성과 자기 안정성을 가지는 Tandem 수중익 모형의 날개 배치를 결정하였다. Tandem 수중익 모형의 종안정성 시험에서는 선수 및 선미 수중익의 종방향 간격 변화와 종모멘트의 자기안정성 변화에 따른 Pitch 및 Heave 운동 특성, 익주 상태의 종안정성을 평가하였다. 실험 수행 결과 본 연구의 주요 결론의 다음과 같다. 종 모멘트 자기 안정성이 클수록 주어진 고정 pitch 각에서 pitch운동에 대한 자기안정성이 높다. 다음 종모멘트 자기 안정성이 클수록, pitch각도 변화에 따른 pitch운동 및 heave운동의 변동 폭이 상대적으로 작으며 종방향 안정성이 우수하다. 마지막으로 종모멘트 자기안정성이 클수록, 수중익 양력이 동일한 경우, Tandem 수중익의 안정적인 익주를 위해서는 충분한 종모멘트의 자기안정성을 확보하는 것이 필수적인 것을 시험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2009

In this work, we numerically investigate the effect of viscoelasticity on 2D laminar vortex dynamics in flows past a single rotating cylinder for rotational rates $0{\leq}{\alpha}{\leq}5$ (the rotational rate ex is defined by the ratio of the circumferential rotating velocity to free stream velocity) at Re=100, in which the vortex shedding has been predicted to occur in literature for Newtonian fluids. The objective of the present research is to develop a promising technique to fully suppress the vortex shedding past a bluff body by rotating a cylinder and controlling fluid elasticity. The predicted vortex dynamics with the present method is consistent with the previous works for Newtonian flows past a rotating cylinder. We also verified our method by comparing our data with the literature in the case of viscoelastic flow past a non-rotating cylinder. For $0{\leq}{\alpha}{\leq}1.8$, the frequency of vortex shedding slightly decreases but the fluctuation of drag and lift coefficient significantly decreases with increasing fluid elasticity. We observe that the vortex shedding of viscoelastic flow disappears at lower ${\alpha}$ than the Newtonian case. At ${\alpha}$=5, the relationship between the frequency of vortex shedding and Weissenberg number (Wi) is predicted to be non-monotonic and have a minimum around Wi=0.25. The vortex shedding finally disappears over critical Wi number. The present results suggest that the vortex shedding in the flow around a rotating cylinder can be more effectively suppressed for viscoelastic fluids than Newtonian fluids.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2008

The flowfield behind two cylinders and flow-induced noise generated from the cylinders in various arrangement are numerically investigated based on the finite difference lattice Boltzmann model with 21 velocity bits. which is introduced a flexible specific heat ${\gamma}$ to simulate diatomic gases like air. In an isolated cylinder with two type of mesh. some flow parameters such as Strouhal number $S_t$ and acoustic pressure ${\Delta}p$ simulated from the solution are given and quantitatively compared with those provided the previous works. The effects of the center-to-center pitch ratio $L_{cc}/d=2.0$ in staggered circular cylinders as shown in Fig. 1 and angles of incidence ${\alpha}=30^{\circ}(T_{cc}/d=0.5)$, $45^{\circ}(T_{cc}/d =0.707)$ and $60^{\circ}\;(T_{cc}/d=0.866)$, respectively, are studied. Our analysis focuses on the small-scale instabilities of vortex shedding, which occurs in staggered arrangement. With the results of drag $C_d$ and lift $C_l$ coefficients and vorticity contours. the mechanisms of the interference phenomenon and its interaction with the two-dimensional vortical structures are present in the flowfields under $Re\;{\le}\;200$. The results show that we successively capture very small pressure fluctuations, with the same frequency of vortex shedding, much smaller than the whole pressure fluctuation around pairs of circular cylinders. The upstream cylinder behaves like an isolated single cylinder, while the downstream one experiences wake-induced flutter. It is expected that, therefore, the relative position of the downstream cylinder has significant effects on the flow-induce noise, hydrodynamic force and vortex shedding characteristics of the cylinders.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권2A호
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• pp.371-382
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• 2006

사장교는 난류에 의해 불규칙한 진동을 일으키며 이 현상을 규명하기 위하여 버페팅해석을 수행한다. 버페팅해석을 위해서 는 구조적 변수, 공기역학적 변수, 그리고 구조물-바람 상호작용 효과를 고려하기 위한 공탄성 변수의 입력값을 적절히 선정해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 버페팅해석을 수행하기 위한 입력 변수 중 대표적 변수들에 대하여 변수연구를 수행함으로써 각 변수들이 해석 결과에 미칠 수 있는 민감도를 분석해 보고자 하였다. 풍동실험 자료가 가장 잘 구축되어 있는 서해대교를 대상교량으로 선정하였다. 검토 변수로서는 정적 삼분력계수의 기울기, 난류의 공간분포 상관관계감소계수, 조도길이, 변동풍속 스펙트럼, 구조감쇠율을 선정하였다. 검토결과 각 입력변수는 버페팅 응답에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 확인되었기 때문에 적정한 입력변수 선정의 중요성을 강조함과 동시에 일반적 결론 도출을 위하여 추후 연구가 필요함을 제시하였다.