• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2001

밀가루전립분 혼입이 빵생지의 물성 및 yeast(S.cerevisiae)의 가스발생력에 미치는 영향을 검토한 실험은 밀전립분의 혼입비율 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%의 5군으로 구성 해 그 제빵성에 대해서 검토하였다. 1) 패리노그래프에 의해 흡수율을 측정한 결과 밀전립분은 빵용 밀가루에 비해 1.3배의 흡수율을 나타냈다. 2) Texture meter에 의한 dough 정도는 수분일정 생지의 경우는 혼입비율의 증가와 함께 딱딱하게 되고 응집성은 감소하였다. 흡수율에 의해 산출한 최적수분량은 조정한 경우의 dough의 점도 및 응집성은 제빵용 밀가루와 거의 같았다. 3) 밀전립분은 S.cerevisiae의 가스발생력에 좋은 영향을 주지 않고 수분일정생지의 경우 전체 가스 발생량 및 내포잔류 가스량과 혼입비율에서도 거의 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. 그리고 수분조정반죽의 경우는 밀전립분 혼입비율의 증가와 함께 전체 가스발생량 및 내포한 잔류 가스량의 증가가 확인되었다. 4) 빵의 품질평가의 결과 밀전립분을 25-50%혼입하여 수분 조정한 것이 가장 좋은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2012

미생물 발효로 제조한 ${\beta}$-glucan을 밀가루의 3, 6, 9%를 대체 첨가하여 반죽의 물리적 특성으로 farinograph, amylograph를 분석하였고, 제빵에 미치는 영향으로 식빵의 부피 및 비용적, 수분함량, 조직감, 관능검사 등을 분석하였다. Farinograph에서 ${\beta}$-glucan 첨가량이 많을수록 흡수율이 높았고 특히 9% 첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 13% 정도 높았다. 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 반죽형성시간도 증가하였으나 안정도는 감소하였다. Amylograph 분석에서 첨가량에 관계없이 호화온도와 최고점도온도에는 영향이 없었으나 최고점도는 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 식빵의 부피와 비용적은 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 수분함량은 시험구들이 대조구보다 높았고 6% 첨가구에서 가장 높았다. 식빵의 조직감도 6% 첨가구가 가장 부드러운 것으로 나타났고, 관능검사의 전체적 품질에서 3%와 6% 첨가구는 대조구와 유의적 차이가 없었으나 9% 첨가구는 대조구보다 낮은 점수를 얻었다. 따라서 건강 기능성 식빵을 제조하는데 미생물 발효로 얻은 ${\beta}$-glucan을 6%까지는 첨가가 가능한 것으로 나타났고 향 후 케이크나 쿠키 등에도 응용이 가능하리라 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2006

The rheological properties of dough made the substitution of wheat flour(composite flour) at the levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% soymilk residue flour, with addition of vital wheat gluten at the levels of 3, 6 and 9% were investigated. And nutrition contents of soymilk residue flour were analyzed. The results were as follows; Principal components of soymilk residue flour were 22.0% crude protein, 13.2% crude lipid, 54.3% carbohydrate, 27.2% dietary fiber and $220{\mu}g/g$ isoflavones. Free amino acid component of soymilk residue were L-glutamic acid, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine, L-threonine, L-methionine and L-cystine. Total dietary fiber content of bread with soymilk residue and wheat flour were 5% soymilk residue; 3.50%, 10% soymilk residues; 4.65%, 15% soymilk residues; 5.96%, and wheat flour bread: 2.1% respectively Mixing water absorption capacity was increased by increasing amounts of added soymilk residue and vital wheat gluten. Dough development time was increased by increasing amounts of added soymilk residues, while decreased by increasing amounts of vital wheat gluten. The dough volume of composite flour with 5%, 10% and 15% soymilk residue flour were the smaller than wheat flour dough. But the dough volume was increased by added vital wheat gluten, and the composite flour with 5% soymilk residue flour and 9% vital wheat gluten was better than the others. This study proved that the dough volume of composite flour with 5% soymilk residue flour and 9% vital wheat gluten was better than the others. On the other hand, the soymilk residue flour contains dietary fiber, isoflavone, protein, lipid and carbohydrate. Therefore the soymilk residue flour will be very useful as food material.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.749-753
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• 2004

제빵에 주요 원료인 쇼트닝 대신 최근 기능성 식품으로 널리 알려지고 있는 올리브유를 대체 원료로 사용하여 건강에 좋은 제품을 제조하기 위해 그 첨가 비율을 달리 하면서 제빵 반죽의 물리적 특성인 파리노그램, 아밀로그램 및 익스텐소그램과 제빵 품질에 영향을 미치는 반죽의 발효 팽창력을 조사하였다. 파리노그램에서 올리브유 4%와 6%를 첨가한 반죽은 대조구(쇼트닝 4%)와 비교하여 발전 시간, 탄력도 및 강력도는 감소한 반면에 안정도와 흡수율은 유사하였다. 아밀로그램에서 최고 점도는 감소하였으나, 호화개시온도와 최고점도시온도는 유사하였다. 익스텐소그램에서 면적은 발효시간 45분에서 올리브유 6%를 첨가하였을 때는 대조구(쇼트닝 4%)와 비교하여 증가하였으나 다른 시험구는 유사하였다. 반죽의 발효 팽창력 특성은 올리브유 4%를 첨가한 경우에는 대조구와 비교하여 낮은 값을 나타내었으나, 표준 편차 이내로 유사하였다. 올리브유 6%는 대조구보다 낮은 팽창력을 나타내었으며, 유지를 첨가하지 않은 반죽과 비교해서 팽창력이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2015

This study investigates the rheological properties of bread containing lotus leaf powder, added to the bread bases at 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations. Physical properties of bread with lotus leaf powder were tested using the rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA), a farinogram, an alveogram, and a rheofermentometer. The initial pasting temperature increased with an increase in lotus leaf powder, whereas peak viscosity and, the peak time decreased. According to the farinogram test, consistency and water absorption increased with an increase in the ratio of lotus leaf powder. The p value of the alveogram increased with an increase in lotus leaf powder, whereas L and G values decreased. The fermentation time of the dough increased with an increase in the ratio of lotus leaf powder. The results suggest the potential development of bread containing functional ingredient such as lotus leaf powder based on the rheological properties identified in this study.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권4호통권100호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop pizza crust with additions of Chungkukjang and onion. The stickiness of the pizza dough containing fresh Chungkukjang (C), heated Chungkukjang (HC), and fresh Chungkukjang with added dough-improver (CI), was measured to evaluate the dough properties. The optimum conditions for pizza crust preparation relating to the processing suitability and sensory quality were established using response surface methodology (RSM). When HC and CI were used in dough making, dough stickiness was reduced to 37% and 51%, respectively. Therefore, the dough-improver(2%) offered the pizza dough better rheological properties when C was used without heat treatment. On the other hand, processing suitability such as the spreadability and overall acceptability, which included the smell and taste of the pizza, were impaired as the amount of CI increased. However, the use of fresh ground onion in the pizza dough compensated for these impairments. The optimum conditions for pizza crust making as determined by RSM were 25.1% onion, 7.1% Chungkukjang, and 52.3 min of fermentation time.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2001

In order to study bread properties utilizing extracts of fume, mume bread was baked, adding 0, 0.5, 1.0. 1.5 and 2.0 brix of mume extract to wheat flour. The rheological properties, dough pH, dough volume, bread volume, bread color. bread texture and sensory evaluation were tested to examine bread properties baked adding extracts of mume. The results are as follows: The maximum viscosity measured by amylograph decreased gradually with increasing fume extract concentration, while the gelatinization temperature was going up. The development time measured by farinograph increased with use of mime extract, but stability time decreased. After the first fermentation, dough volume decreased greatly under pH 4.0, and there was same tendency in loaf volume. Lightness and redness of the crumb decreased but yellowness increased. Hardness and fracturability of mume bread were lower than control. In sensory evaluation, fume bread with 0.5 brix muse extract was evaluated as the best in taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.698-703
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• 2006

We investigated how the addition of polypeptides to instant fried noodle dough affects the dough properties, starch gelatinization, and textural properties of cup-type instant fried noodles. After comparing farinograph results of 100% wheat flour with 1% wheat flour substituted with gluten, there was a small difference in the mechanical dough properties. However, in the case of 1% wheat flour substituted with gluten peptides, the dough development time increased, dough stability decreased, and weakness increased. On the other hand, when gluten or gluten peptides were added, starch gelatinization did not change significantly. At the steaming stage, substitution with gluten peptides or soybean peptides markedly changed the molecular weight distributions of extractable polypeptides. Especially in the case of wheat flour substituted with 1% gluten peptides, the relative portion of low Mw extractable polypeptides (2.5-50 kDa) decreased more compared to a control. Also, the hardness and chewiness decreased in cooked cup-type instant fried noodles containing gluten peptides. This suggests that the addition of gluten peptides can reduce the rehydration time of cup-type instant fried noodles.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2006

우유단백질과 검류의 혼합 첨가가 빵의 노화를 억제시키는데 사용될 수 있는지를 조사하기 위하여 이들 첨가한 밀가루의 amylogram, farinogram 그리고 extensogram을 측정하였다. 또한 우유단백질과 검류를 첨가한 반죽을 8주 동안 냉동 저장한 후 이 냉동반죽으로 식빵을 제조하고, 만든 당일과 $5^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 저장한 식빵의 수분함량 변화와 경도 변화를 측정하여 노화정도를 비교하였다. Amylogram 특성 중 우유단백질과 검류를 첨가한 밀가루의 호화 개시온도가 증가하였고 CA와 WA 첨가한 밀가루의 최고 점도가 대조구보다 낮았다. Farinogram 특성을 통해 우유단백질과 검류가 밀가루의 수분 흡수율을 증가시키는 것과 CA와 WA를 첨가할 경우 반죽 형성시간이 길어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. Extensogram 특성에서 밀가루의 신장도는 우유단백질과 검류를 첨가함으로써 낮아지는 현상을 보였다. 빵의 수분함량 변화를 살펴보면, 4일 저장기간 동안 모든 빵의 수분이 감소되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 냉동저장 6주후부터는 대조구 빵의 수분함량이 우유단백질과 검류를 첨가한 빵보다 감소정도가 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 빵의 경도 변화의 경우 또한 저장기간 동안 대조구 빵이 우유단백질과 검류를 첨가한 빵, 특히 CA와 WA를 첨가한 빵보다 높은 경도를 나타냈다. 이를 통해서 우유단백질과 검류를 첨가할 경우 반죽의 제빵 적성을 향상시켜주며 CA와 WA의 첨가는 빵의 노화를 지연시켜주는데 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2016

This study investigated properties of bread utilizing extracts of ginseng powder. Ginseng powder bread was baked. Addition of 1~3% of ginseng powder extract to wheat flour was carried out. Rheological properties, dough pH, dough volume, bread volume, water absorption capacity, baking loss, bread color, bread texture, and sensory evaluation were tested to examine properties of bread baked with extracts of ginseng powder. The results are as follows. The dough pH decreased gradually with increasing ginseng powder extract concentration. The bread volume, baking loss, and bread weight increased with increasing use of ginseng powder extract, and springiness and cohesiveness increased as red ginseng powder additive concentration increased. Lightness of the L decreased while a and b increased. In the sensory evaluation, ginseng powder with 1% ginseng powder extract was evaluated as the best for taste, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability.