• 멤브레인
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2002

방사선과의 상호작용에 의하여 섬광이 발생하는 무기형광체(inorganic fluor)인 cerium activated yttrium silicate(CAYS)를 폴리설폰 고분자막에 함침시킴으로써, 형광 용액의 도움 없이 방사능 오염도를 측정할 수 있는 새로운 측정막을 제조하였다. 막의 제조는 두 가지 공정으로 나누어진다. 우선 고분자와 용매의 균일한 1차 제막용액을 유리판 위에 제막 후 용매증발을 통해 폴리설폰 고분자막이 생성되도록 하였다. 고형화된 폴리설폰 필름 표면에 CAYS가 분산된 고분자 제막용액을 2차로 도포시킨 후, 비용매 욕조에 침지시키는 상전환 공정을 이용하거나 용매의 증발을 통한 유리화에 의해 2차 용액의 고형화를 유도함으로써 함침막을 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 막의 형상은 치밀한 구조를 지니는 고분자 지지체와 이에 완전히 고착된 CAYS함침막의 이중구조를 지니게되며, 지지체 부분은 막의 안정성을 2차 제막에서 생성된 부분은 기능성의 향상을 이룰 수 있는 구조적 특성을 지닌다. 제조된 함침막에 방사성핵종을 직접 도포하여 방사성핵종의 탐지 특성을 측정하였을 때 효율적인 탐지 특성을 지니는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.337-344
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• 1997

In this paper, we study the isomorphism problem of Cayley permutation graphs. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that two Cayley permutation graphs are isomrphic by a direction-preserving and color-preserving (positive/negative) natural isomorphism. The result says that if a graph G is the Cayley graph for a group $\Gamma$ then the number of direction-preserving and color-preserving positive natural isomorphism classes of Cayley permutation graphs of G is the number of double cosets of $\Gamma^\ell$ in $S_\Gamma$, where $S_\Gamma$ is the group of permutations on the elements of $\Gamma and \Gamma^\ell$ is the group of left translations by the elements of $\Gamma$. We obtain the number of the isomorphism classes by counting the double cosets.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to predict the life of a Lug under the real service load history. The techniques of predicting a fatigue life under load spectrum are discussed and some are developed. The stress is calculated by multiplying the stress under unit force with the Finite Element Analysis. The cycles are counted by the Rainflow counting method and then the mean stress effect is considered by the suggested conversion function. The Manson's Double Linear Damage Rule is used as the cummulative damage method.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.151-165
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• 2013

지방정부로 구성된 국제환경 협의회(ICLEI)는 범지구적 차원에서 기후변화를 완화시키기 위해 만들어진 기구이다. 지방정부들은 ICLEI를 통해 각 정부가 배출하는 온실가스를 정확히 측정하고자 관련 규약을 만들었다. 본 논문은 ICLEI 규약의 한계점을 지적한다. 온실가스배출관련 항목들을 지방정부관점에서 구분하고, 또 국가차원에서 요구하는 항목들과 일치시킨다는 점에서 이 규약은 실용적이라 할 수 있다. 특히 '이중측정'과 '탄소배출할당' 문제를 해결할 수 있는 사회적 기반을 마련한 부분은 지방정부들이 기후변화에 적극적으로 대응하고자 하는 의지로 해석할 수 있다. 하지만, 그 제한점은 다음과 같다. '생체연료연소에 의한 이산화탄소배출'을 온실가스로 취급하지 않는 점과 '간접이중측정'을 간과한 점은 온실가스배출량의 정확한 측정을 저해할 것으로 예상되며, 이들을 수정보완해야 지방정부들이 기후변화를 완화시키는데 있어 실제로 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2004

3-PM liquid scintillation counting using the geometry-efficiency variation technique has been applied to the activity measurement of $^{204}T1$, which decays to $^{204}Hg\;and\;^{204}Pb\;by\;{\beta}^-$ and E.C., respectively. The TDCR values K have been derived over a wide range, 0.78 < K < 0.97, by displacing the detectors up to 50 mm away from an unquenched liquid scintillation sample $^{204}Tl$. The derived plots of the logic sums of double coincidences $N_D(K)$ very K vary linearly in the observed regions. The fractions of losses due to electron capture decay have been taken into account by employing a PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation. The calibrated activity is 102.3 kBq at a reference date of July 1st, 2002 (UT) with a combined uncertainty of $0.63\%$. This is consistent with the value determined by means of the CIEMAT/NIST method at KRISS.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.126-142
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• 2021

Purpose - This study discusses the effects of human capital in the formation of GVC linkages. We also investigate GVC intensity between Korea and ASEAN. Design/methodology - To solve the doubling-counting problem in evaluating comparative advantage, RCA has been re-computed using domestic value-added (henceforth RCA_VA) at the country-sector level instead of value of trade. The impact of human capital on GVC intensity was empirically analyzed by establishing a panel data set with four industries (ISIC Rev. 4) in eight ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2015 from OECD-TiVA and WDI. Findings - The empirical results show that human capital has a negative effect on GVC intensity in the agriculture and manufacture industries, while it has a positive effect in the service and information industries. The results do not mean that low human capital is a barrier and inefficient to GVC linkages. Low Value-added activities may be more profitable to some emerging countries. These findings suggest that it is important to accurately identify the competitive elements to increase gains from trade under the GVC. Also, it shows that comparative advantages can be misled by an RCA index evaluated in trade volume under the GVC. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of human capital as a factor for the efficient formation of Global Value Chain (GVC). This study has different from the literature in analyzing the role of human capital in formation of linkage of the GVC. And we clarify the changing patterns of trade by removing the double-counting problem under the GVC.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권12권
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• pp.1615-1620
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• 2005

We present a novel flow-rate independent cell counter using a fixed control volume between double electrical sensing zones. The previous device based on the single electrical cell sensing in a given flow-rate requires an accurate fluid volume measurement or precision flow rate control. The present cell counter, however, offers the flow-rate independent method for the cell concentration measurement with counting cells in a fixed control volume of $22.9{\pm}0.98{\mu}{\ell}$. In the experimental study, using the RBC (Red Blood Cell), we have compared the measured RBC concentrations from the fabricated devices with those from Hemacytometer. The previous and present devices show the maximum errors of $20.3\%\;and\;16.1\%$, which are in the measurement error range of Hemacytometer (about $20\%$). The present device also shows the flow-rate independent performance at the constant flow-rates ($5{\mu}{\ell}/min$ and $10{\mu}{\ell}/min$) and the varying flow-rate (4, 2, and $4{\mu}{\ell}/min$). Therefore, we demonstrate that the present cell counter is a simple and automated method for the cell concentration measurement without requiring an accurate fluid measurement and precision flow-rate control.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2004년도 제24회 동계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-107
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• 2004

This study investigates how and through which channels R&D activities influences the national economy, using a macro-econometric model. The macro-econometric model in this study includes 24 behavioral equations and 25 identities and was estimated using the annual data. From a simulation analysis, it is shown that the R&D investment has a permanent effect on real variables; lowering prices, wages and interest rates, and increasing potential and real GDP in the long run. It is noted that the national account was recalculated to avoid double-counting in estimation of R&D stocks.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

In this study, multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) was installed to enumerate the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and Escherichia coli K12 (IFO 3301). The nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) were double stained by a LIVE/DEAD bacLight viability kit, involving green SYTO 9 and red propidium iodide (PI), based on the permeability of two chemicals according to the integrity of plasma membrane. As the results showed, the gate for dead bacteria was defined as the range of $0.2{\times}10^0$ to $6.0{\times}10^1$ photo multiplier tube (PMT) 2 fluorescence (X-axis) and $2.0{\times}10^0$ to $2.0{\times}10^2$ PMT 4 fluorescence (Y-axis), and the gate for live bacteria was defined as the range of $6.0{\times}10^0$ to $6.0{\times}10^2$ PMT 2 fluorescence (X-axis) and $2.0{\times}10^0$ to $4.0{\times}10^2$ PMT 4 fluorescence (Y-axis). In the comparison of the number of the tested bacteria detected by FCM (viability assessment) and plate culture (cultivability assessment), the number of bacteria detected by FCM well represented the number of bacteria that was detected by the colony forming unit (CFU) counting method when bacteria were exposed to isopropyl alcohol and silver/copper cations. Consequently, it is concluded that the application of FCM to monitor the functional effect of disinfectants on the physiological status of target bacteria can offer more rapid and reliable data than the plate culture colony counting method.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권2호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2016

본 연구는 Post-2020을 대비하는 일본의 REDD+의 국가전략과 각 기관별 추진현황을 파악하고, JCM(Joint Credit Mechanism) REDD+ 가이드라인의 문제점에 대한 우리나라 REDD+의 대응 방안 및 시사점을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. JCM-REDD+ 가이드라인의 기술적 한계를 보면, REDD+ 사업의 대상이 되는 산림의 적합성은 세이프가드 간섭이 적은 곳을 선점하는 문제가 있으며, 참조배출기준선의 설정은 기준연도에 따라서 추세선이 변화하기 때문에 배출량 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 또한, REDD+의 배출이동(누출)은 누출지역이 발생하였을 때, 누출면적과 관계없이 일정계수를 곱하여 산출하기 때문에 불확실성을 포함하고 있으며, 모니터링 실시방침은 국가 및 준국가 단위의 방법만을 제시하고 있어 프로젝트 단위의 방법론이 필요하다. 마지막으로 세이프가드에 대한 방침은 세부사항 없이 목록으로만 제시하고 있어 국제통용의 항목 규정이 필요하다. 이와 같은 문제점들은 크레딧의 분배와 계층적접근(Nested Approach) 등의 더블카운팅(Double Counting) 문제와도 관련이 있으며, 앞으로 우리나라는 이를 고려하여 REDD+ 사업을 시행해야 할 것이다.