• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

This article evaluates the overall current disease burden of North Korea through the recent databases of international organizations. It is notable that North Korea as a nation is exhibiting a relatively low burden from deaths and that there is greater burden from deaths caused by non-communicable diseases than from those caused by communicable diseases and malnutrition. However, the absolute magnitude of problems from communicable diseases like TB and from child malnutrition, which will increase the disease burden in the future, remains great. North Korea, which needs to handle both communicable and nutritional conditions, and non-communicable diseases, whose burden is ever more increasing in the nation, can now be understood as a country with the 'double-burden' of disease.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among financial debt burden, psychological factors and financial stress. Data was collected by surveying 450 individuals who were over twenty years old, and 384 were used for the analysis. As the result, first, number of sources of debt, use of each debt, marital status/double income, housing, debt amount and financial stress were found to be significantly different among three groups(debt free, non risky, risky). In addition, marital status/double income, gender, housing and income were found to significantly influence to the probability of being one of the three groups. Second, level of debt burden, age, employment and income were found to significantly influence to financial stress, while psychological factors such as risk tolerance and self-control were not. It might be noteworthy that people in debt were likely to have higher level of stress, while the older, employed, and having higher income were likely to have lower level of stress. This study would provide useful information in terms of debt policy to relieve the financial stress.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.658-672
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although children of ethnic minority groups are experiencing a transition from a predominance of undernutrition to overnutrition, there is little evidence of a dual-malnutrition burden. Therefore, this study examined the double burden of malnutrition among school-aged ethnic minority children living in mountainous areas and its association with their diets. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2020 in 3 mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam among 1,556 ethnic minority school-aged children. The prevalence of under-nutrition (stunting and thinness) and over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) were measured using the WHO 2006 child growth standards (height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-score). Nutritional practices were evaluated by the frequency of food consumption based on a 4-level scale. RESULTS: The percentage of children with stunting and thinness were 14.0% and 5.4%, respectively, while the figure for overweight/obesity was 9.4%. The factors positively associated with stunting were living in a family with more than 2 children or being Muong/other ethnicities compared to the Tay ethnicity. Children who consumed fish/shrimps/crabs or milk weekly/daily were less likely to be undernourished compared to those who never consumed these foods. By contrast, children who never consumed foods rich in vitamin A precursors and vitamin A and fruit or consumed daily snacks/junk food were more likely to be overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition remains a common issue among school-aged children and adolescents of ethnic minority groups, while over-nutrition exists simultaneously. Public health nutrition programs promoting adequate diets and positive lifestyle changes related to nutrition are essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition among ethnic minority children.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.209-230
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• 2014

본 논문은 30대 부터 40대까지의 여성들 가운데 6세 이하의 자녀를 양육하는 시기와 부모/노부모를 동시에 돌봐야 하는 이중돌봄의 문제가 상당히 광범위하게 존재하고 있음을 보여주면서, 돌봄이 특정 시기의 특정 연령대에 분절적으로 일어나는 것이 아니라 생애주기의 어느 시점에도 발생할 수 있는 일상성에 주목하였다. 또한 돌봄은 부담으로서 뿐만 아니라 즐거움이나 보람을 동시에 주고 있으며, 돌봄제공자-돌봄대상자-돌봄보조자의 관계에 의하여 다양한 층위의 경험으로 분화될 수 있음을 드러내었다. 연구결과, 6세 이하 아동돌봄과 노인돌봄을 동시에 하는 이중돌봄 가구는 전체의 38%에 달했고, 향후 이중돌봄이 예상된다는 가구까지 합하면 54.9%에 이르러 이중돌봄이 상당히 보편적임을 보였다. 돌봄의 즐거움과 부담을 분석한 결과, 돌봄의 즐거움은 아동돌봄>부모돌봄>시부모돌봄 순이었으며 부담은 역순으로 나타났다. 그러나 돌봄제공자와 대상자간 관계는 돌봄 자체의 즐거움이나 부담에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 며느리-시부모간 돌봄도, 딸-부모간 돌봄도 그들이 맺어온 관계에 따라 돌봄경험이 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 딸이 부모를 돌볼 경우에 남성 배우자로부터의 무관심이 더 높고 도움이 수반되지 않아서 딸로서의 돌봄이 며느리로서의 돌봄의 경우보다 부담이 가중되기도 하였다. 결론에서는 이중돌봄의 어려움을 감소시킬 수 있는 사회적 지원방안과 정책이 제안되었다.

• 국제교류와 융합교육
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-56
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• 2024

이 연구는 중국 의무교육단계 학생 부담경감 최신정책 '쌍감'정책을 중심으로 Kingdon의 정책흐름모형을 활용하여 정책의 흐름을 분석하였다. 데이터의 직관적인 반영, 현행 정책의 피드백 등으로 문제의 흐름을 구성하였다. 중국 정부의 높은 관심, 정치협상회의 위원과 전문가의 건언, 학교 현장과 이해관계자의 강한 요구 등은 정책대안의 흐름을 구성하였다. 집권당의 집권 이념과 교육 지침, 국민 정서, 전환기 이익 게임 등은 정치의 흐름을 구성한 것이다.문제의 흐름,정책대안의 흐름, 정치의 흐름 세 가지 흐름이 결합되어 '정책의 창'이 열리게 된 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2017

To protect the power systems from fault current, the rated protective equipment should be installed. However growth of power system scale and concentration of loads caused the large fault current in power transmission system and distribution system. The capacities of installed protective equipment have been exceeded the due to increase of fault current. This increase is not temporary phenomenon but will be steadily as long as the industry develops. The power system operator need a counter-measurement for safety, so superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been received attention as effective solutions to reduce the fault current. For the above reasons various type SFCLs have been studied recently. In this paper, operation characteristics and power burden of trigger type SFCL is studied. The trigger type SFCL has been used for real system research in many countries. Another trigger type SFCL (double quench trigger type SFCL) is also studied. For this paper, short circuit test is performed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urbanization and lifestyle changes have resulted in nutrition transition. Over-nutrition causes obesity increase, although malnutrition still exists. This phenomenon is called a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). This study was conducted to confirm the existence of DBM and to investigate the dietary factors related to DBM in Indonesian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data for the subjects (51 men and 89 women) who are the adults resided in Malang, Indonesia were collected between July 17 and August 14, 2017, by using questionnaire. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and hemoglobin were also measured for the subjects. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 47.2 years. The average height, weight, and body mass index for men were 160.08 cm, 62.6 kg and $25.45kg/m^2$, respectively, and those for women were 148.74 cm, 58.09 kg, and $26.21kg/m^2$, respectively. Of the subjects, 3.6% were underweight, 24.3% were normal or healthy weight, while 72.2% were overweight and obese. Analysis of the dietary intakes revealed high for cereal (7.73 points), but very low for milk (0.25 points) and fruits (0.51 points). Dietary diversity was very few overall (< 5). The occurrence of both anemia (23.6%) and chronic diseases such as hypertension (57.1%), diabetes (12.1%), and hypercholesterolemia (3.6%) was considerably high. The existence of DBM was confirmed by 16.4% of the subjects. DBM was observed significantly higher in women than in men. Dietary diversity and DBM occurrence were inversely correlated. On average, the number of chronic diseases was 1.08 in men and 1.79 in women. Dietary diversity inversely affected systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: DBM existed in adults in Malang, Indonesia due to inadequate dietary intakes, and a high rate of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2019

Discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) is an effective method to improve the steady-state performance of the finite control set predictive control for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems. However, it requires complex computations due to the presence of numerous virtual voltage vectors. This paper proposes an improved finite control set model-free predictive control using DSVM to reduce the computational burden. First, model-free deadbeat current control is used to generate the reference voltage vector. Then, based on the principle that the voltage vector closest to the reference voltage vector minimizes the cost function, the optimal voltage vector is obtained in an effective way which avoids evaluation of the cost function. Additionally, in order to implement double-objective control, a two-level decisional cost function is designed to sequentially reduce the stator currents tracking error and the inverter switching frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed control is validated based on experimental tests.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 능동소음제어를 위하여 망각형 지연 LMS(least mean square) 알고리듬을 이용한 이중루프제어 모델을 제안하였다. 제안한 이중루푸제어 모델은 계산양을 줄이기 위해 이득과 음향시간지연인자를 이용하여 온라인으로 라우드스피커 특성 및 오차음경로를 추정한다. 이중루프구조를 통한 오차신호의 제어는 보다 견실한 제어시스템이 된다. 음향시간지연을 추정하기 위한 필터의 입력신호는 입력 마이크로폰 신호와 적응필터의 차를 사용한다. 망각형 지연 LMS 알고리듬은 비정상상태에서 계수들의 발산을 방지하기 위해 사용한다. 실제 소음신호에 대하여 제안한 이중루프제어 모델은 소음레벨이 평균 12.9dB정도 감쇠되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2006

Purpose: Perceiving the experience that $MRD_1$ is increased after small-incision double-eyelid operation, it has been statistically verified the improvement of $MRD_1$ retrospectively. Therefore, we suggest new interpretation for Korean-specific small eye and more definite classification for ptosis. Methods: In operation, we made 3 small incisions according to the line designed on upper eyelid and removed some soft tissues including connective tissues. Then, figure-of-8 continuous buried ligation was performed through the incision windows. This study is a retrospective study, measures $MRD_1$ changes and excursion distance change of eyelid margine and eyebrow using pre-and post-operative photos of 14 patients. Results: Postoperative photos were taken on the 4th day and all of 14 patients had an improvement in $MRD_1$ statistically. The excursion distance of upper eyelid was improved in half of patients, though not in the range of statistical verification. It was statistically confirmed that the movement of eyebrow was reduced after operation. Conclusion: It is thought that $MRD_1$ improvement without any operation on levator complex means that soft tissue including connective tissue eliminated in operation restricts the movement of upper eyelid. It is defined such factors as burden factors and such phenomenon as burdened eyelid. It is thougt that Korean's small eye is mainly burdened eyelid and cosmetic improvement may be obtaind even by removing such burden factors.