• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.162-171
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of caffeine ingestion on the metabolic responses during submaximal exercise. Ten male of rowing player aged 18-22yrs. participated in the study. No subjects had any remarkable medical history and none were taking medications. According to the administration of dehydrated caffeine(CA) (6mg/kg) or placebo(PA), they were classified into two groups such as caffeine group and placebo group. A randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol was employed using either CA or PA. Subjects underwent a submaximal bicycle ergometer. Blood was drawn intravenously prior to 60 min., at rest, at 30, and 45 min. of exercise, and recovery period. Plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acid and lactate were obtained using enzymatic method. Followings were obtained by the tests and analyses; 1) Blood glucose(BG) of 45 minute of exercise was significantly decreased in CA group of 76.3$\pm$14.8 mg/100ml compared with PA group of 94.9$\pm$11.2 mg/100mg(p<0.5). 2) Free fatty acid(FFA) of 30minute of exercise was significantly increased in CA group of 720$\pm$80 $\mu$Eq/1 compared with PA group of 360$\pm$120 $\mu$Eq/1(p<0.5). After exercise, FFA was significantly higher in CA group than those in PA group(p<0.1). 3) Blood lactate(BL) was not significantly different between the two. After exercise, BL was significantly different in 30 minute(p<05).

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2006

Soybeans are well-known as allergenic foods. Koreans consume large amounts of soybean foods, such as kochujang, which have gone through the fermentation process. To lower the allergenicity of these foods, we prepared hypo allergenic kochujang with aloe extract (AK). A sensory evaluation was conducted along with a clinical evaluation that used a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) test These tests were designed to evaluate the acceptability of the fermented foods. In comparison to normal kochujang (NK), AK elicited a higher sensory test score, and the rate of positive reactions in atopic dermatitis patients during the DBPCFC test was reduced. Methods of protein extraction, protein quantitation with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and protein identification using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis were performed for both NK and AK to compare the functional factors. We found a reduction in the levels of high molecular proteins even though the bands of the proteins had not entirely disappeared, indicating that the boiling and fermentation process changed the soybean protein patterns. The rate of the reduction of high molecular proteins was more effective in the AK. In conclusion, AK can be recognized as a food with hypoallergenic effect.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.240-244
• /
• 2004

A recent randomized and double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study bas indicated that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) decrease blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the GLP extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of GLP at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 4 weeks resulted in a reduction of blood glucose levels by 12.5, 18.7 and 33.7% respectively, while glibenclamide treatment brought the hyperglycemic value down to normal. The hyperglycemic effect was supported by a significant decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin and increased plasma insulin levels (p<0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This study showed that GLP has similar hypoglycemic effects as glibenclamide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.176-182
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Menopause is associated with adverse metabolic changes in plasma lipoprotein and inflammation markers. Estrogens have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Isoflavones (ISO) have structurally similar to estradiol. Our objective was analize the effect of soy-ISO on serum lipid and inflammatory markers (sP-selectin and sCD40L) in postmenopausal women. Methods: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with soy-ISO (50 mg, twice daily) was conducted in 35 healthy postmenopausal women (55-72 years old). The women were divided in 2 groups: 20 were allocated to soy-ISO, and 15 to a placebo group. Results: The changes of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Apo-A1, sP-selectin and sCD40L in 2 groups before and after 12-week treatment showed no statistical significance. In subgroup analysis, soy-ISO supplementation significantly decreased the levels of TC, LDL-C and sCD40L in women under 65 years old, and with null effects on serum lipid and inflammation markers in women over 65 years old. Conclusions: Soy-ISO did not significantly favorable effects on the lipid profile and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. However, in women under 65 years of age, soy-ISO significantly decreased the TC, LDL-C and sCD40L, whereas, no effects on lipid profile and inflammation markers in women over 65 years old were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.36-48
• /
• 2008

This study examines the influence of control algorithms on dimming performance to determine appropriate control setting when direct/indirect lighting is controlled by a daylight dimming system. Computer simulation were performed for a small office with double skin envelope under various daylight conditions. A retractable fabric shading and Venetian blind were applied for internal and external envelopes under three CIE standard sky conditions. Unshielded and partially-shielded photosensors were used, and three control algorithms were applied for the sensors. In general, dimming level was too excessive due to the direct impact of light from lighting fixture to the photosensor. Providing insufficient lighting output, the unshielded photosensor completely failed to secure required illuminance under any daylight condition. When a partially-shielded photosensor was applied under clear sky, three setting points functioned effectively. Less sensitivity for the partially-shielded photosensor was effective to control the dimming system optimally with reasonable energy saving. However, the daylight dimming control system for direct/indirect lighting does not appear to be energy effective when photosensors without enough shielded area is installed on ceiling where light from fixtures reaches directly.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to study trends in Western(North America and Europe) medical treatments for the acne vulgaris. This study analyzed research on acne vulgaris in PubMed. Methods : We searched PubMed related the latest medical treatments for acne vulgaris. We analyzed 21 research papers and examined published journals, years, countries, and their methods, results, interventions, participants, periods and instruments of assessment. Results : The method of studies was mostly double-blind, randomized controlled trial. There were research papers concerning treatment with light-lazer, topical agents, and oral contraceptives. There were more positive results compared to negative results for efficacy of treatment. The median for number of participants was 364.0 persons. The median for periods was 67.8 days. Assessment for outcomes were lesion counts, adverse effects, VAS, etc. Conclusions : It is necessary to study latest trends of Western medical treatments for acne vulgaris and understand strengths and weaknesses of those. It will be helpful to more in-depth develop clinical treatments of Oriental Medicine for acne vulgaris.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.63 no.12
• /
• pp.485-490
• /
• 2020

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is one of the frequent complaints in general practice, particularly in pediatrics and is among the common cause of referral to gastroenterology clinics. Purpose: This study is designed to investigate the effects of probiotics for the treatment of RAP and desired therapeutic outcomes. Methods: One hundred twenty-five children with the diagnosis of RAP according to Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain (FAP), functional dyspepsia (FD), and abdominal migraine (AM), were enrolled in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. Results: Sixty-five subjects received probiotics, and others received placebo treatment for 4 weeks. Lactobacillus reuteri was therapeutically effective in 32 patients compared to 8 patients, responding to the placebo treatment. Compared to baseline, all pain-related variables showed a significant reduction for the IBS and FD at the end of the 4th week. However, it did not respond well in FAP and AM groups. Pain-related outcomes such as, frequency of the pain, severity, and duration of the pain were decreased following the probiotic treatment. No therapeutic response was seen in AM group after the administration of probiotics. L. reuteri significantly led to pain relief in the overall population, and also in FAP, FD, and IBS subgroups. Conclusion: L. reuteri probiotics are likely to lead to RAP relief and can be recommended for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.547-556
• /
• 2021

Background: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Physics Forceps in pediatric dental extractions. Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with a parallel-arm design and identical allocation ratio (1:1). Children (n=104) were randomly divided into two groups for extraction of mandibular primary teeth (group I: Physics Forceps; group II: conventional forceps). The outcome variables assessed in the study were the time taken for extraction, pre- and postoperative anxiety (using RMS pictorial scale), incidence of fractured teeth, and postoperative pain on the first and third days (using the Wong-Baker faces pain scale). Results: A significant reduction (P < 0.001) in intraoperative time, anxiety, and incidence of tooth fracture was confined to group I. The pain significantly reduced from the first to the third postoperative day in both groups, but the mean reduction in RMS scores in the physics forceps group was far better than that in the conventional forceps group. Conclusion: Physics Forceps aid in extraction of primary teeth with minimal trauma to supporting structures, as well as reducing anxiety in the pediatric population.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2022

Background: This double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the pre-emptive analgesia and anti-inflammatory efficacy of piroxicam compared with tramadol in patients undergoing oral surgery. Methods: Seventy-eight patients who required extraction of impacted mandibular third molars were randomized into three treatment groups of 26 patients each: group I received 100 mg of tramadol, group II received 20 mg of piroxicam, and group III received a placebo. Drugs were administered intramuscularly 30 min prior to the extraction procedure. Results: Pain intensity, time to first analgesic administration, total analgesic consumption, facial edema, and trismus were the outcomes of interest. The group receiving 20 mg of piroxicam showed significantly lower pain intensity, increased time to first analgesic, and reduced edema from preoperative to postoperative day seven than those in the tramadol and placebo groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that piroxicam had significant pain relief efficacy after third molar surgery compared with that in tramadol.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2020

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid (LEAA) supplementation on muscle fatigue and the level of inflammatory cytokines in wheelchair basketball players after a basketball game and interval training. [Methods] Of the ten recruited wheelchair basketball players (aged 34.5±8.9 years; lean body mass of 34.3±10.0 kg) who had spinal cord injury (SCI) and had undergone amputation, nine participated in the final test. These nine athletes received LEAA supplements (3 times 4.0 g/day) or placebo treatment in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. We measured variables related to muscular fatigue and inflammatory response before the intense exercise and 4 days after recovery. [Results] The significant effect of LEAA supplementation was inhibition of circulating IL-6 levels in the LEAA-treated group compared with the placebo group (P < .05). However, no changes were observed in the TNF-α and creatinine kinase levels. Moreover, analysis of variance analysis showed no significant difference in the relative values of muscle soreness. However, the effect size analysis with Cohen's d reported a significant improvement in the relative values of whole body and back muscle soreness. [Conclusion] Our results revealed that LEAA supplementation before and after intense exercise could help reduce muscle soreness and IL-6 levels in wheelchair basketball players.