• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.214-225
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy of conical telescope outer crown with Co-Cr-Ti alloy(Dentitan) and to compare the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crowns using different pattern materials(plastic foil, casting wax, pattern resin). To evaluate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy, patterns with plastic foil were invested under three different liquid/powder ratio conditions using phosphate bonded investment(Univest-nonprecious): standard, 10% decreased and 10% increased. At each liquid/powder ratio condition, metal ring was lined with single or double layers of ceramic ring liner. The marginal discrepancy of outer crown at different investing conditions was measured by ${\times}100$ compact measuring microscope(STM5, Olympus, Japan). For measurement of the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crown using different pattern materials, the investing condition of 10% decreased liquid/powder ratio and double layers of ring liner was selected because this investing condition resulted in the best fit of outer crown. Marginal discrepancy was measured in the same way above and retention force on universal testing machine. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The thickness of ring liner had more influence on the marginal discrepancy of outer crown than the liquid/powder ratio, and the acceptable marginal fitness could not be expected at the investing condition directed by investment manufacturer 2. There were no differences in the marginal discrepancy of outer crown among three different pattern materials(P>0.05). 3. Casting wax showed the greatest retention force(1640g) of outer crown, followed by pattern resin(1110g), plastic foil(820g). However, there was no significant difference between plastic foil and pattern resin(P>0.05). 4. Plastic foil showed the least variation in marginal discrepancy and retention force.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2004

온실기체의 증가에 따른 기후변화로 인해 유역에서의 물순환이 과거와는 다른 패턴을 보이고 있다. 그러나 현재의 수자원 계획 및 관리에는 기후변화의 영향이 포함되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기후변화의 영향이 유역의 물순환에 어떻게 영향을 주는지를 검토하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 여러 가지 배증 $CO_2$상태의 GCM(General Circulation Model) 모의결과를 이용하여 기온 및 강수량 자료를 Markov 연쇄에 의해 모의발생 하였다. 또 강우-유출 모형을 이용하여 100년동안의 일단위 유출을 계산하였다. 그 결과 GCM 시나리오별로 연평균기온은 ＋3.2∼＋4.6$^{\circ}C$, 연평균강수량은 －7∼＋8%, 연평균유출은 －14 ∼ ＋7 % 그리고 기온 1$^{\circ}C$ 변화에 따른 잠재증발산량은 ＋3∼＋4 %의 변화를 보였다. 기후변화에 따른 영향의 평가는 GCM 모의결과에 크게 의지하지만 유황분석결과 기후변화에 따른 유출의 변동가능폭은 현재 상태보다 커질 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2007

Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)가 토양의 이화학성에 미치는 영향 및 결정성의 변화를 규명하기 위하여 LDHs가 처리된 토양침출수를 calcium carbonate 처리와 비교 조사하였다. LDHs와 $CaCO_3$를 처리한 토양의 pH는 유사한 pH 변화를 나타내었으나, LDHs를 처리한 토양의 pH가 무처리구 및 $CaCO_3$ 처리구에 비해 각각 3.0 및 1.0 높게 낮타났다. LDHs를 첨가한 토양침출수의 $Mg^{2+}$ 함량은 52.0~383.0 mg/l으로 무처리구의 1.0~10.0 mg/l, $CaCO_3$ 처리구의 1.0~20.0 mg/l 보다 매우 높았다. $Al^{3+}$ 함량은 LDH와 $CaCO_3$ 처리구에서 0.2 mg 이하의 수준으로 무처리구에 비해 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 토양침출수의 인산 함량은 LDHs와 $CaCO_3$ 처리에 의해 유의성 있는 상관관계는 나타나지 않았으며, silicate 함량은 LDHs와 $CaCO_3$ 처리에 의해 낮아졌다. LDHs는 토양에서 층상형의 기본구조가 점진적으로 붕괴되어 결정성 및 구조적 형태가 변화되었다. 따라서 LDHs의 토양처리는 산성 토양의 개선 및 식물영양원의 지속적 공급이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 토양환경 및 이화학성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않으므로 다양한 농업소재의 기능성 전달체로서 활용성이 매우 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

본 연구는 보리-벼 이모작 작부체계의 논 생태계에 설치한 개방형 $CO_2$ 플럭스시스템과 자동개폐식 챔버형 $CH_4$ 측정시스템에서 관측된 탄소관련 온실가스 자료와 작물 생장량자료를 활용하여 논 생태계의 연간(2012.10.20~2013.10.21) 탄소수지를 분석하였다. 결론적으로 농작물의 생육인자와 환경인자는 $CO_2$의 순 생태계교환량(NEE)에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었고, $CH_4$ 배출량은 영농활동(특히 물관리)에 따라 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 2012~2013년 벼-보리 이모작 작부체계의 논 생태계에서 보리 재배기간에는 단위면적($m^2$)당 100.2g의 탄소를 흡수하고 벼 재배기간에는 $m^2$당 374.1g의 탄소를 흡수하였지만, 휴경기간에는 토양호흡의 형태로 $m^2$당 41.2g의 탄소를 배출하여 연간 총 $433.1g\;m^{-2}$의 탄소를 흡수하는 것으로 분석되었다. 여기에 농작물의 수확에 따른 논 생태계의 탄소 배출량과 $CH_4$ 형태로배출되는 탄소량을 포함한 연간 순생물상생산량(NBP)은 $184.7g\;C\;m^{-2}$으로 추정되어, 보리-벼 이모작 작부체계의 논 생태계는 탄소 발원인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

We measured emission indices for $NO_x$, CO, temperature and radical characteristics for partially premixied flames formed by suction & blow fans air condition. At sufficiently high levels of partial premixing a double flame structure consisting of a rich premixed inner flame and outer diffusion flame was established similar to that previously observed in premixed flames. $NO_x$, Temperature. CO concentration were experimented with approximately constant air flow rate and decreasing equivalence ratios. The reduction in $NO_x$, and temperature at suction condition as compared with that for blow condition was approximately 20%, but on the contrary, CO emission was increased. In addition, We measured temperature distributions and found that temperature increased continuously with increasing partial premixing. We also estimated CH, $C_2$ radical intensity. CH and $C_2$ radicals provide evidence that, for the present measurement, CH and $C_2$ radicals intensity was associsated with their premixed component. And we observed stronger $C_2$, CH radicals intensity at suction conditions than blow conditions.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.143-148
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• 2001

We measured emission indices for $NO_x$, CO, temperature and radical characteristics for partially premixied flames formed by suction & blow fans air condition. At sufficiently high levels of partial premixing a double flame structure consisting of a rich premixed inner flame and outer diffusion flame was established similar to that previously observed in premixed flames. $NO_x$, Temperature, CO values were experimented with approximately constant air flow rate and decreasing equivalence ratios. The reduction in $NO_x$ and temperature at suction condition as compared with that for blow condition was approximately 20%, but on the contrary, CO emission was increased. In addition, We measured temperature distributions and found that temperature increased continuously with increasing partial premixing. We also estimated CH, $C_2$ radical intensity. CH and $C_2$ radicals provide evidence that, for the present measurement, CH and $C_2$ radicals intensity was associsated with their premixed component. And we observed stronger $C_2$, CH radicals intensity at suction conditions than blow conditions.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2014

In this study, the laminar burning velocity of syngas fuel($H_2/CO$) and flame structure with various hydrogen contents were studied using both experimental measurements and detailed kinetic analysis. The laminar burning velocities were measured by the angle method of Bunsen flame configuration and the numerical calculations including chemical kinetic analysis were made using CHEMKIN Package with USC-Mech II. A wide range of syngas mixture compositions such as $H_2$ : CO = 10 : 90, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75:25 and equivalence ratios from lean condition of 0.5 to rich condition of 5.0 have been considered. The experimental results of burning velocity were in good agreement with previous other research data and numerical simulation. Also, it was shown that the experimental measurements of laminar burning velocity linearly increased with the increment of $H_2$ content although the burning velocity of hydrogen is faster than the carbon monoxide above 10 times. This phenomenon is attributed to the rapid production of hydrogen related radicals such as H radical at the early stage of combustion, which is confirmed the linear increase of radical concentrations on kinetic analysis. Particular concerns in this study are the characteristics of burning velocity and flame structure different from lean condition for rich condition. The decrease of OH radicals and double peaks are observed with $H_2$ content in rich condition once $H_2$ fraction exceeds over threshold.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2002

The Characteristics of heat transport in the heat pipe with a double vapor path and different kinds of the working fluid were investigated experimentally. The Experiment was carried out with acetone/ethanol. ethanol/ethanol. and in the aluminium container of the double vapor path. Performance measurements can be operated at the high level by 24000 w/m2 heat flux in the 1000mm evaporator. They are each estimated at the high temperature and experimentally reviewed the characteric of the heat rejection. The results shew that they are stably operated under each condition and the fluid was complemented each other at the fluid's experiment and brought about the extention of operating temperature. In this study, The reliable basic data obtained by the teste in the heat pipe with a double vapor path can be used for thermal design, manufacture, and production etc.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.51-54
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• 2003

We analyzed radiative properties of aerosols, $CO^{2}$ and clouds using Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds(OPAC) and the Column Radiation Model (CRM). From OPAC, if the soot component is disregarded, dust-like components depict the highest extinction values in the solar spectral range and the lowest. single scattering albedoes, which are attributable to the presence of large particles. In the dust aerosol, the high absorptivity in the infrared may induce a warming of the lower atmospheric layer in the nighttime. The radiative properties of aerosols, clouds and double $CO^{2}$ using the CRM model at Seoul (37N, 127.4 E) on 3 April 2003 were calculated. The solar zenith angle is 65˚ and the surface albedo is 0.1836 during the clear day. The aerosol optical depth change 0.14 to 1.7, which is derived during Asian dust days in Korea. At this time, abedo by aerosols is considered as 0.3. In cloudy condition, the short wave cloud forcing on both the TOA and the surface is -193.89 $Wm^{-2}$ and -195.03 $Wm^{-2}$, respectively, and the long wave cloud forcing is 19.58 $Wm^{-2}$ and 62.08 $Wm^{-2}$, respectively. As a result, the net radiative cloud forcing is -174.31 $Wm^{-2}$ and -132.95 $Wm^{-2}$, respectively. We calculate also radiative heating rates by double $CO^{2}$ during the clear day. The $CO^{2}$ volumn mixing ratio is 3.55E-4.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2015

본 연구는 현장의 GMAW 용접기에 더블 와이어 릴을 겸비한 원격제어토치의 시스템에 관한 것이다. 산업현장 용접에서는 용접기 본체로부터 와이어 송급장치까지의 거리가 약 30m 떨어져 있고 송급장치로부터 토치까지의 거리는 약 3~5m 정도이다. 이에 따라 차량 및 탱크 내부의 용접에서 제어 패널을 볼 수 없는 곳이나 작업장이 먼 곳 등에서 용접사가 용접을 하면서 용접조건에 맞는 전류와 전압을 조절할 수가 없고 또한 용접와이어가 완전히 소모되면 용접을 중단하고 와이어 릴을 갈아 끼워야하는 번거로운 문제점이 있다. 이 때문에 전류와 전압 조절 및 와이어를 교체하기 위해 용접을 중단하고 잦은 이동으로 용접구조물의 순간적인 냉각에 의해 용접결함이 발생된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 제반 문제를 감소하기 위해 기존의 GMAW 용접기의 제반기능을 토대로 간소화 및 합리화하여 더블 와이어 릴을 겸비한 원격제어토치를 자체 제작하였다. 실험은 SM50A 용접구조용 압연강재 6mm를 사용하여 와이어 더블 릴을 겸비한 원격제어 토치와 기존 $CO_2$ /MAG 용접토치를 V형 맞대기 수직자세로 용접을 실행하였다. 용접 완료 후 용접부의 표면비드 상태의 형상을 육안검사 관찰하고 또한 이를 방사선투과검사를 통해 용접부의 내부 용접품질에 대하여 용접현상을 분석하였다. 이 연구를 통해 용접결함 감소, 원가절감 및 기존 상용용접기에 교체사용에 대한 성능 및 호환성여부에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하였다.