• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

This study aims to think about the problem of dolmens: the reasons for the presence of dolmens and how to construct it, at the point of view of geographical and geomorphological. The subjects of this study is the dolmens which locate between at Dogok Hyosanri and Chunyang Daesinri Hwasoon-gun, Jeonlanamdo. The study areas in Hyosanri, Daesinri has been observed as follows. First, the long axis direction of Dolmen upper stone and the slope one are the same. Second, tor, block stream, hockey stick, etc. Third, Composition of the soil silt> sand> clay is distributed in the order. Forth, The soil of high quality silt and the roundness of angular, sub-angular-level and the high frequency, peaks of quarts and illite clay minerals show. Fifth, in the result of $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2/R_2O_3$, and CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration), Hyosanri, Daesinri areas show mechanical weathering was dominant and chemical weathering environment was not being progressed. The blocks used in construction of dolmens had moved to the bottom of slopes by mass movement such as solifluction then them which had been placed in the position seem to be used by people of Bronze. Based on the above results, the process of construction of dolmens can be estimated as follows. They would dig up the ground under the upper stone of dolmens, put the supporting stone in the place, then dig up earth, place into remains, close the obturating stones, then heal up earth.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.216-233
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• 2020

This study set out to review tomb culture in the Gyeongju region during the Bronze Age, and also examine the patterns of dolmens during their end phase. For these purposes, the study analyzed 18 tomb relics from the Bronze Age and nine from the early Iron Age. Gyeongju belongs to the Geomdan-ri cultural zone. Approximately 120 tombs from the Bronze Age have been excavated in the Gyeongju region. There are fewer tombs than dwellings in the region, which is a general characteristic of the Geomdan-ri cultural zone. Although the number of tombs is small, the detailed structure of the dead body is varied. During the Bronze Age, tombs in the Gyeongju region were characterized by more prolific construction of pit tombs, dolmens with boundaries, and stacked stone altars than were the cases in other areas. There is a great possibility that the pit tombs in the Gyeongju region were influenced by their counterparts in the northeastern parts of North Korea, given the spindle whorl artifacts buried at the Dongsan-ri sites. Dolmens with boundaries and stacked stone altars are usually distributed in the Songguk-ri cultural zone, and it is peculiar that instances of these are found in large numbers in the Gyeongju region as part of the Geomdanri cultural zone. Even in the early Iron Age, the building of dolmens with boundaries and stacked stone altars continued in the Gyeongju region under the influence of the Bronze Age. A new group of people moved into the area, and they crafted ring-rimmed pottery and built wooden coffin tombs. In the early Iron Age, new rituals performed in high places also appeared, and were likely to provide venues for memorial services for heavenly gods in town-center areas. The Hwacheon-ri Mt. 251-1 relic and the Jukdong-ri relic are ruins that exhibit the aspect of rituals performed in high places well. In these rituals performed in high places, a stacked stone altar was built with the same form as the dolmens with boundaries, and a similar rock to the cover stone of a dolmen was used. People continued to build and use dolmens with boundaries and stacked stone altars while sustaining the Bronze Age traditions, even into the early Iron Age, because the authority of dolmens was maintained. Some dolmens with boundaries and stacked stone altars, known as being Bronze Age in origin, would have continued to be used in ritual practices until the early Iron Age. Entering the latter half of the second century B.C., wooden coffin tombs began to propagate. This was the time when the southern provinces, including the Gyeongju region, were included in the East Asian network, with the spread of ironware culture and the arrival of artifacts from central China. Around this time, dolmen culture faded into history with a new era beginning in its place.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.60
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• pp.3-25
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• 2002

Dolmens in the phase of Songgookri culture are found or confirmation the examples for the elements of dolmens culture Is increasing In recently researched some relics. Although the number of relics showing this aspect is very few, I think that it is possi

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.56
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• pp.29-58
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• 2000

A lot of dolmens without burial chamber have been brought to the light around Honam (southwestern provinces of Korea) area. Even though they are commonly classified as dolmens of surrounding stone type(圍石式), it seems necessary to put under the category of

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.513-516
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• 2003

This study was performed in two ways, which are 'Before' 'After' carrying out trench search through GPR which is called 'Non Destructive Geophysical' to the expected area where the remains of historic interest could be distributed within the construction site from Dae-gu to Busan. As a result, the layer containing gravel and sand has more irregular specular surface then others containing silt and clay. And, this paper, irregular specular surfaces of prominence and depression patter appeared. After performing trench search, verified that the site yield dolmens and lots of stone implements.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.24
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

This study was peformed in two ways, which are 'Before' 'After' carrying out trench search through GPR which is called 'Non Destructive Geophysical' to the expected area where the remains of historic interest could be distributed within the highway construction site from Dae-gu to Busan. As a result, the layer containing gravel and sand has more irregular specular surface then others containing silt and clay, And, apart block irregular specular surfaces of prominence and depression patter appeared. After performing trench search, verified that the site yield dolmens and lots of stone implements.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.62-74
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• 2023

Much attention has been focused on the Baekpoman area due to the archaeological achievements of the past, but studies on prehistoric times when villages began to form is insufficient, and the Bronze Age village landscape was examined in order to supplement this. In the area of Baekpo Bay, the natural geographical limit connected to the inland was culturally confirmed by the distribution density of dolmens, and the generality of the Bronze Age settlement was confirmed with the Hwangsan-ri settlement. Bunto Village in Hwangsan-ri represents a farming-based village in the Baekpo Bay area, and the residential group and the tomb group are located on the same hill, and it is composed of three individual residential groups, and the village landscape had attached buildings used as warehouses and storage facilities. In the area of Baekpo Bay, it spread in the Tamjin River basin and the Yeongsan River basin where Songgukri culture and dolmen culture were integrated, and the density distribution of the villages was considered to correspond to the distribution density of dolmens. In order to examine the landscape of village distribution, the classification of Sochon-Jungchon-Daechon was applied, and it was classified as Sochon, a sub-unit constituting the village, in that the number of settlements constituting the village in the Bronze Age was mostly less than five. There are numerical differences between Jungchon and Daechon, and the distribution pattern does not necessarily coincide with the hierarchy. The three individual residential groups of Bunto Village in Hwangsan-ri are Jungchon composed of complex communities of blood relatives with each family community, and a stabilized village landscape was created in the Gusancheon area. In the area of Baekpo Bay, Bronze Age villages formed a landscape in which small villages were scattered around the rivers and formed a single-layered relationship. Dolmens (tombs) were formed between the villages and villages, and seem to have coexisted. Sochondeul is a family community based on agriculture, and it is believed that self-sufficient stabilized rural villages that live by acquiring various wild resources in rivers, mountains, and the sea formed a landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 1985

Korean Landscape Garden may be described according to its stage of development. In the primitive agricultural era, the garden was preceded by vegetable yards and at this time rock arranging (Soo-Sok garden) was initiated together with the megalithis culture of dolmens, heavenly altars and tumuli. In the early Three Kingdom period palace gardens were built on a grand scale and toward the end of fourth century temple garden were introduced along with Buddhism. These gardens evolved to the flourishment of "HWAGE"(terraced gardens) rock arrangements of ZEN, early KOR-YO period. Especially since the middle of KOR-Yo period the "IM-CHUN"(forest and pond) garden became popular, while during Cho-Son period "HWAGE" in the back yard, pond and pool garden and "IM-CHUN" style country villa became fashionable. The Korea traditional Landscape garde may be characterized that first it is a nature Landscape style, which makes the maximum accomodation with the surrounding nature. Secondly, the Korean garden is built creatively by utilizing the elements of its climate and topography, Kogu-Ryo, Paik-Je great-Kaya and Sil-Ra had developed original a castle town plans and beautiful gardens rock arrangements which precede the equivalent style of China and set the prototype for Japan. The Landscape art of waterfalls and rock arrangements at An-Ap-Chi garden of 7th century has no equals in China and set the origin of pond style of Japanese garden.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

The Conservation Science Team of the National Museum of Korea has carried out the conservation on the mandolin-type bronze sword that was excavated from Weolnae-dong, Yeosu as had been requested by the Research Center of Dolmens in Northeast Asia. The mandolin-type bronze sword from Weolnae-dong, Yeosu is accounted to be the longest one among all the bronze swords of the same type that have ever been excavated until now and it was in a treated condition with the primary conservation treatment already achieved. Due to the corrosion in progress, it was in a very brittle condition being in two separate parts of the upper and lower parts. With the upper part exposed and the lower part with earth, they were urgently collected. The Conservation Science Team carried out the conservation treatment on them by connecting the lower part of the mandolin-type bronze sword to the upper part after making the lower part exposed, and then by using an estimated restoration method for lost portions. When carrying out the conservation treatment, the glass fibers of 10 wt% Paraloid B-72 (in Xylene) was used as a method for strengthening the brittle artifact, and a non-destructive analysis was carried out to identify the ingredients using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.70
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• pp.109-132
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• 2007

Taking the Yosu Peninsula where prestige goods were prevalent and more dolmen were excavated and surveyed than other regions as object of the research, this dissertation investigated the hierarchy of dolmen society. The dolmen groups were excavated and surveyed at some 20 positions in Yosu Peninsula Analyzing the number, weight of upper stone, location, the buried relics of dolmen, the hierarchy for each dolmen group can be summarized as follows. It seems that the large group with a lot of dolmen and big upper stone which is located on the plane with stream or on the lower part of hill might be the central group with abundant buried relics. However, the size of individual upper stone does not coincide with buried relics sometimes. Thus, it is required to review the entirety of dolmen group rather than individual upper stone in the relation between the scale of upper stone and buried relics. Then the scale of tomb is proportionate to the prestige goods. Meanwhile, the discrepancy between dolmens can be verified by the difference among upper stone, tomb, burial accessories, etc in the unit dolmen group. Since dolmen is the tomb of some inhabitants in the Bronze Age, the existence of stone coffin tomb with buried bronze sword, jade or stone sword compared to the stone coffin with no relics means that there was powerful representative of one generation even in one kindred group on the basis of wealth or authority. It can be concluded that the upper stone or large tomb or prestige goods among the persons buried in dolmen were fixed as high class, those with relatively small stone coffin with no or scanty burial accessories were fixed as medium class and multitudinous class who were not buried in dolmen were fixed as low class. Therefore, the dolmen society in Yosu Peninsula shows that there was division of class in the unit dolmen group as well as hierarchy in the group.