• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

This article statistically analyzed contributive levels of district image based on an effect and a similarity index through the evaluation of citizens and suggested the efficient management system of a city image according to the results. For this study, Busan City was selected as a case city by the preceding literature and was investigated concerning district image and city image through a questionnaire. The new evaluation method for analysis of a city image was presented in this process. The results of this research are as follows: 1. Busan City has a substantial positive and culturally unique image, and each of its districts have other image characteristics. for example, the CBD district has a positive image, and the sea shore district has a busy and prosperous image, but the backward sea shore district has an image of stagnancy. 2. The image of Yeonje-gu has the largest effect on the image of Busan. Next in influence are Jung-gu, Saha-gu, Suyoung-gu, respectively. The effect index is closely connected with the variance of evaluative adjectives. 3. Busanjin-gu and Haeundae-gu have similar images to Busan City. Next in similarity are Nam-gu, Jung-gu, Youngdo-gu, Suyoung-gu, respectively. The similarity index is closely connected with the correlation of evaluative adjectives. Busan City and its districts can establish their image strategies with the above analyzed results. This study is meaningful in that a statistical evaluative method was proposed. With continued follow-up research, this study may serve as a systematic and logical model to improve the urban landscape and image.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1829-1836
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• 2010

The district heating system distributes the heat generated from a cogeneration plant to wider locations. In this process, the district heating pipe (DHP) is subjected to internal and external loadings. The internal loadings are generally caused by the operating conditions such as water temperature and internal pressure. Frictional interactions between the pipes and the soil contribute to the external loadings. Thus, investigation of the mechanisms of failure of DHPs will help to guarantee both mechanical stability and heating efficiency. In this study, we investigate the local buckling of DHPs using limit state design (LSD). Two methods are considered: the use of the limit state for the width-thickness ratio and the use of the limit state for the strain. The results are used to confirm that the DHP is stable under local buckling. Finally, we suggest a minimum preheating temperature for avoiding local buckling.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Youngdong district for 10 years. Methods : From Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2006, 732 patients (327 males, 405 females, mean age: $54.8{\pm}13.1$ years) with spontaneous SAH were admitted to our hospital. We reviewed the medical records and radiological findings regarding to the ictus of SAH, location and size of the ruptured aneurysms, Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher grade on admission, personal details such as address, age, and sex, and previous history of medical diseases. Results : In these 732 patients, 672 cases were confirmed as aneurysmal SAH. Among them, 611 patients (262 males, 349 females, mean age: $54.9{\pm}13.2$ years) came from Youngdong district. The average crude annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH for men, women, and both sexes combined in Youngdong district was $7.8{\pm}1.7$, $10.5{\pm}2.7$, and $9.1{\pm}2.1$ per 100,000 population, respectively. Because of the problems related to the observation period and geographical confinement, it was suspected that the representative incidence of aneurysmal SAH in Youngdong district should be made during the later eight years in six coastal regions. Therefore, the average age-adjusted annual incidence for men, women, and both sexes combined was $8.8{\pm}1.4$, $11.2{\pm}1.3$ and $10.0{\pm}1.0$, respectively in the coastal regions of Youngdong district from 1999 to 2006. Conclusion : In overall, our results on the incidence of aneurysmal SAH was not very different from previous observations from other studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Townscape design is now considered to be the most important part in city management as a means to improve the life quality of its dwellers. Therefore, the recognition of local autonomous entities and local residents on townscape has been greatly changed. As a part of this effort, the plan to improve the townscape of the central rotary district in Geochang-eup has been examined in multilateral ways. In this plan, first, improvement for proper buildings was studied. Second, betterment for street furniture around the central rotary was considered. Third, making a landscape square around it was also investigated. Based on those considerations, this article intends to suggest directions for improving the commercial buildings of the central rotary district which has the greatest symbolicity in Geochang-eup. To achieve the goal, this paper conducted a survey to the dwellers beforehand in order to investigate their recognition on creating townscape for the central rotary district and collected their opinions on it. According to the result, among the elements of townscape in the shopping district around the rotary, the externals of the buildings such as signboards, color, and shape and the pleasantness part like the maintenance of telegraph poles occupied the highest portion on the street. And It is proposed 4 Alternative plans for the improvement of commercial building design in the central rotary district of geochang-eup.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

As part of the housing policy on the concentration of large cities due to economic growth, large-scale construction was carried out for many years, but the focus of the quality improvement was largely on the quality supply. With criticism that such large-scale housing construction is distorting urban and rural landscape, it was forced from 2000 to apply the district unit plan to the development of housing sites with a certain scale and the district unit plan. In addition, it evaluated how the rural and urban landscape would look during the planning of the District Unit Plan, and how the resulting space would have an objective effect on urban and rural areas and how it would be evaluated for harmony. Therefore, this study applies and evaluates the weighted value of each inspection point selected by Lee lim jung (2016) to compare and analyze the actual application of the inspection point and the review report. As a result, it was assessed that no rational landscape planning was established because many simulation presentations were made at the lower priority point, and little was presented at the higher priority. The view point weights were distributed in the Landscape Review of the District Unit Plan with a score of up to 36 points from the lowest of 6 points, which resulted in the view simulation being reviewed in terms of various aspects.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2014

Energy efficiency is vital to improve energy security, environmental and social sustainability, and economic performance. Improved energy efficiency also mitigates climate change by lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Buildings are the single largest industrial consumer of energy and are therefore key to understanding and analyzing energy consumption patterns and the opportunities for saving energy at the district level in urban environments. This study focused on two representative boroughs in the major metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea as a case study: Gandong-gu, a typical residential district, and Jung-gu, a typical commercial district. The sources of the energy supplied to the boroughs were determined and consumption patterns in different industry sectors in Seoul used to identify current patterns of energy consumption. The study analyzed the energy consumption patterns for five different building categories and four different sectors in the building using a bottom-up energy modeling approach. Electricity and gas consumption patterns were recorded for different building categories and monthly ambient temperatures in the two boroughs. Finally, a logarithmic equation was developed to describe the correlation between commercial activity and cooling energy intensity in Jung-gu, the commercial district. Based on these results, recommendations are made regarding the current energy consumption patterns at the district level and government energy policies are suggested to reduce energy consumption and, hence, greenhouse gas emissions, in both commercial and residential buildings.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.283-292
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• 2015

A model of apartment heating load in a district heating system could be useful in the management and utilization of energy resources, since it could predict energy usage and so could assist in the efficient use of energy resources. The heating load in a district heating system varies in a highly nonlinear manner and is subject to many different factors, such as heating area, number of people living in that complex, and ambient temperature. Thus there are few published papers with accurate models of heating load, especially in domestic literature. This work is concerned with the modeling of apartment heating load in a district heating system in winter, using the reduced least square support vector machine (LS-SVM), and with the purpose of using the model to predict heating energy usage in domestic city area. We collected 23,856 pieces of data on heating energy usage over a 12-week period in winter, from 12 heat exchangers in five apartments. Half of the collected data were used to construct the heating load model, and the other half were used to test the model's accuracy. The model was able to predict the heating energy usage pattern rather accurately. It could also estimate the usage of heating energy within of mean absolute percentage error. This implies that the model prediction accuracy needs to be improved further, but it still could be considered as an acceptable model if we consider the nonlinearity and uncertainty of apartment heating energy usage in a district heating system.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2007

This study aims at examining the actual conditions of lighting environment and the consciousness and responses of residents with the living room of apartment house, grasping the problems of existing lighting methods, offering the lighting environment design standard in harmony with the various demands of residents, functions of living room space, life in living room and interior decoration and then pursuing the comfortable living environment. As the scope and methods of research for these, existing research methods are examined through the consideration of preceding researches and the basic outline of this research is constructed. Questionnaire survey is conducted with six apartment complexes including Kumho district, Munhung district, Sangmu district, Unnam district, Ilkok district and Chumdan district, the problems and improvements of lighting environment conditions are examined, conception and selection of lighting equipment design image are made, lighting equipment design of living room is suggested and the expected effects of lighting equipment ordering method are arranged as follows. As a result of examining and analyzing the lighting environment of living room in existing apartment houses, it is known that the conditions of existing lighting environment considered uniform lighting plan for functional sides of each room which didn't consider the various living behaviors and preference of residents and while the degree of interior decoration design is actually positive. Accordingly it seems that the lighting equipment ordering which considers the various preferences of residents is applied as the means for comfortable lighting environment, the interior environmental mood will be greatly improved.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-187
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine the consumer's behavior on the brands applying the characters by gender, age and residential district, and then to propose the future planning of brands applying the characters and distribution strategies. From Junior on middle school to forty-year olds were selected for this study and areas were grouped to five for comparing the residential distinction. The questionnaire was consisted with 25 questions. Nominal scale and 5-interval scale were used for analysis. The SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the technical statistics such as average, frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and $x^2$. The results of this study were as follows : 1) The characters influenced on remembering the brand's name regardless gender, agen and residential district. 2) When consumer bought the brand with character, the most important factor is the brand name recognition. 3) It would be desirable to use the one or two mixed methods which express the characters on the clothes. 4) When they distribute the character brands, they would supply more feminine characters in 3rd district, more manly one in 4th district and less quantities in the 3rd and 4th district for lowering inventory. The next must be follow to succeed the character using strategy of fashion brands. It is needed to segment the target for new character creation of specific generation, and to grasp the point of the trend which oriented by the target, and to reflect what they like and what they feel sympathy on character image and brand concept.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.191-199
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• 2011

Under the influence of a paradigm shift for administrative service of public institutions in around the world, the 'Government Affairs Assessment Act' has been enacted in Korea in March 2006. By the law, each local governments have been obligating to conduct self-assessment and resident's satisfaction survey for improving administrative service. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the administrative service quality of district offices(in seoul) in order to meet the government's efforts, and to derive improvement point of administrative service quality in district office. Consequently, this study shows administrative service quality factors affecting resident's overall satisfaction degree, service value maturity and positive image maturity of district office and then, will explore improvement ways of each district office through attribute analysis of administrative service quality.