• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 1987

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the flow pattern for two-component , two-phase mixtures which flow vertically upwards in concentric annuli based on the measurement for the local void fraction and the distribution of the local void fraction in various radial locations in the annular gap. The annular test section consists of a lucite outer tube whose inside diameter is 38mm and a stainless steel rod, The rod diameter is either :2mm,16mm or 20mm. It is demonstrated that the probability density function of the fluctuations in void fraction may be used as an flow pattern indicator and the local void fraction distribution depends on the flow pattern and radial location in the annular passage.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-356
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• 2002

청주시 주차장의 공간적 분포 패턴은 상업.업무기능이 집중된 도심에서 동심일 패턴이 주변지역으로 확대되고 있다. 그리고 운영주체별 주차장의 분포는 도심에 공영.민영.건축물 부설 주차장을 중심으로 동심원상으로. 그 인접지역은 공영.건축물 부설 주차장이 분포하고, 선형상으로 공영주차장, 민영.건축물 부설 주차장, 건축물 부설 주차장이 분포하고 있다. 시설구조에 의한 주차장 분포는 청주시 반 이상이 건축물 부설 자주식 주차장을 가지며. 도심에는 건축물 부설 자주식, 노상평면 자주식, 건축물 부설 기계식, 노외평면 자주식 등이 결합된 다양한 주차시설 구조를, 도심 인접지역과 주변지역은 동심원 패턴을 나타내고 있다 또 계약형태별 주차장의 분포는 도심을 중심으로 남서부로는 시간제 지불과 월별 지불의 주차장이. 북동부에는 무료주차장이 주로 분포하고 있다. 이와 같은 주차장의 공간적 분포 패턴은 사업체와 주택의 지역적 분포를 잘 반영하는 것이라고 생각한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.474-482
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• 2006

Generally almost all fatigue crack growth is affected by mode I. For this reason a study on mode I has concentrated in the field of fracture mechanics. However the fatigue crack initiation and growth in machines and structures usually occur in mixed mode loading. If there is any relationship between the cause of fracture in mixed mode loading and fracture surface, fracture surface pattern will be the main mean explaining reasons of fatigue fracture and obtaining further information about fracture process. In this paper low point shear-fatigue test with Aluminum alloy hi 5083-O is carried out from this prospect and then the mixed mode distribution of fracture surface is examined from the result after identifying the generation of fatigue crack surface pattern. It was found from the experimental results that the fatigue crack surface pattern and the fatigue crack shear direction are remarkably consistent. Furthermore It is possible that the analysis of distribution of mixed mode through the fatigue crack surface pattern.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.43-44
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• 2006

Generally almost all fatigue crack growth is affected by model. For this reason a study on model has concentrated in the field of fracture mechanics. However the fatigue crack initiation and growth in machines and structures usually occur in mixed mode loading. If there is any relationship between the cause of fracture in mixed mode loading and fracture surface, fracture surface pattern will be the main mean explaining reasons of fatigue fracture and obtaining further information about fracture process. In this paper four point shear-fatigue test with Aluminum alloy Al 5083-O is carried out from this prospect and then the mixed mode distribution of fracture surface is examined from the result after identifying the generation of fatigue crack surface pattern. It was found from the experimental results that the fatigue crack surface pattern and the fatigue crack shear direction are remarkably consistent. Furthermore It is possible that the analysis of distribution of mixed mode through the fatigue crack surface pattern.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of plants on streamside of Kyonganchon, which is a tributary of the Han River, and to determine the relationships between plant distribution and environmental factors. Fifteen study sites were selected along the Kyonganchon, and vegetation distribution pattern and soil environmental factors were determined. The most frequently ocurring species in the study sites were Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Echinochloa crus-galli and Bidens frondosa, and among them the two Persicaria species were dominants of the community. Many species showed different distribution along the stream:Chenopodium album, Equisetum arvense and Setaria viridies occurred in the upstream region, while Rumex crispus, Leonurus sibiricus and Rorippa islandica occurred in the middle and downstream regions. Analysis of soil properties showed that organic matter and clay content were higher in the upstream region while sand content was higher in the downstream region. The results of DCA ordination showed that axis one was positively correlated with organic matter and clay content and negatively correlated with sand content, indicating that the distribution pattern of vegetation along the Kyonganchon was determined by elevational gradient from upstream to downstream region or gradient of stream width and water level, and by soil organic matter content and soil texture related to these gradients.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2018

Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method has been recently developed to evaluate the behavior of structures in different performance levels. The PBPD method utilizes a base shear force and a lateral load pattern that are estimated based on energy and yielding mechanism concepts. Using of current lateral force pattern results in weak structural members in upper stories of a structure so that the values of the story drift in these stories are larger than the target drift, particularly in high-rise buildings. Therefore, such distribution requires modifications to overcome this drawback. This paper proposes a modified lateral load pattern for steel Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) based on parametric study. In order to achieve the modified load pattern, a group of 26 EBFs has been analyzed under a set of 20 earthquake ground motions. Additionally, results of nonlinear dynamic analyses of EBFs have been post-processed by nonlinear regression analysis in order to derive the new load pattern. To prove the efficiency of present study, three EBFs as examples were designed by modified pattern and current PBPD distribution. Inelastic dynamic analyses results showed that the story drifts using modified lateral load pattern were well within the target values in comparison with current pattern in PBPD, particularly where the effect of the height is significant. The modified load pattern reduces the possibility of underdesigning in upper levels and overdesigning in lower levels of the frames.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 1997

The taxonomic characteristics of Eupatorium rugosum were reviewed and growth responses under different light intensities were investigated. Changes of soil and vegetation environments at experimental plots on Mt. Namsan were surveyed and the distribution pattern examined. The distribution of E. rugosum was closely related to the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil. No competitors which could inhibit the growth of E. rugosum were present. Growth of E. rugosum was highest at a light intensity of 7, 500 lux, but dry weight was highest at a light intensity of 15, 000 lux followed by 30, 000 and 7, 500 lux. Growth in height of E. rugosum under a light intensity of 1, 500 lux continued even though the amount of growth was small. E. rugosum is found throughout the area of Mt. Namsan, and its density is higher at the roadside and in valley regions. E. rugosum appeared at 25 of 50 quadrats on Mt. Namsan, and the mean coverage of E. rugosum in survey quadrats was 12%.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2005

LGP(Light-Guide Panel) of LCD backlight is one of the major componets which affect on the product quality of LCD. The LGP with multi-side lamp has been analized for pattern design with the uniform distribution of brightness. When given the uniform distribution of brightness as target, the distribution of dot pattern has been designed for superposed distributions of brightness for each lamp. Multi-side lamp has been tested for various types such as ㄴ-, ㄷ-, and ㅁ -shapes. The present study enhances the possibility of LGP with multi-side lamp by showing the pricise control of brightness distribution.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1986

Phytoplankton community was investigated at the Paldang Dam Reservoir in the Mid-Han River by it's depth, in spring and summer known as the period of phytoplankton's blooming. It was only in summer that phytoplankton bloomed at the investigated area. 128 kinds of phytoplankton were identified and of them, diatoms were abundunt in spring but cyanophyta and chlorophyta were in summer. Because some species with high pollution index were observed in summer, it could be proved that the investigated area was polluted especially in summer. In spring shown the circulation period by vertical distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and isothermal distribution pattern of water temperature, maximum value of phytoplankton standing crops appeared at the upper layer, except for surface layer. In summer shown the circulation period after the stagnation period by vertical distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and immediate destruction after stratification of water temperature, maximum value of phytoplankton standing crops appeared at the lower layer. the layer at which the maximum value of chlorophyll-a appeared also accorded with that of phytoplankton standing crops. So, it could be approved that there existed a close relationship among phytoplankton standing crops, chlorophyll-a, and water temperature.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate distribution of pattern identification by age in stroke patients. Methods: From 1 April, 2007 to 29 September, 2008, 903 patients within a month after onset of stroke were included. Stroke patients were interviewed by oriental medicine doctors who used standard operation procedures for this study. A questionnaire was completed by a question-and-answer form between patients and doctors after explanation of details to patients and patients' agreement given. Results: Distributions of pattern identification in stroke patients differed by age groups. Dampness-Phlegm pattern was more common in the younger group aged under 80 years, while Yin-Deficiency pattern was more common in the older group aged over 80 years. Conclusions: In this study, we found a character of distribution of pattern identification by age in stroke patients within one month after stroke onset. We have concluded that these differences should be considered in the management and treatment of stroke patients.