• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.563-569
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• 2012

The studies of opinion mining or sentiment analysis have been the focus with social web proliferation. Sentiment analysis requires sentiment resources to decide its polarity. In the existing sentiment analysis, they have been built resources designed with intensity of sentiment polarity and decided polarity of opinion using the ones. In this paper, I will present sentiment categories for not only polarity of opinion but also the basis of positive/negative opinion. I will define psychological emotions to primary sentiments for the reasonable classification. And I will extract the informations of sentiment from social web texts for the actual distribution of sentiments in social web. Re-classifying primary sentiments based on extracted sentiment information, I will organize sentiment categories for the social web. In this paper, I will present 23 categories of sentiment by using proposed method.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.375-383
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• 2021

The justice issue in the service recovery process has become an interesting topic especially in rural banks in Indonesia. There are two types of justice issues in handling the complaint process; distributive and informational. This study aims to analyze the effect of distributive and informational justice on complaint handling satisfaction. This study also examines the mediating role of positive and negative emotions on the effect of justice in post-merger rural banks. This research employs a survey by distributing a questionnaire to 238 customers who have complained to one of the post-merger rural banks in West Java and Yogyakarta. This study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) method by WarpPLS software. The results reveal that distributive and informational justice have a positive effect on positive and negative emotions, while informational justice does not affect positive and negative emotions. Distributive and informational justice directly affect satisfaction over complaint handling. On the other hand, positive and negative emotions affect satisfaction over complaint handling. The findings of this study suggest that positive emotion also mediates the distributive justice effect on satisfaction over complaint. Lastly, positive and negative emotions do not mediate the informational justice effect on satisfaction over complaint handling at post-merger rural banks in West Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2022

This paper examines the relationship between investor sentiment and the risk of a stock price crash at the firm level. Our dataset includes 131 firms listed on the Saudi stock exchange (Tadawul) from 2011 to 2019, as well as 953 firm-year observations. To evaluate crash risk, we employ two distinct proxies and propose an index for measuring firm-level sentiment which we use for the first time in our study. The average turnover rate, price-earnings ratio, and overnight return are the three sentiment proxies we utilize in our index. Our findings show that high levels of investor emotion increase managers' proclivity to withhold unfavorable news from investors, which aggravates the risk of a stock price crash. We undertake cross-sectional regressions by sector to ensure the robustness of our findings, and our findings are confirmed. After accounting for any endogeneity issues with the GMM technique, the results remain the same. Furthermore, we analyze the liquidity effect by dividing our sample into subsamples with better and worse liquidity and find that firms with worse liquidity have a considerably greater positive impact of investor mood. Overall, our findings help investors and regulators recognize the significance of this downside risk and how to manage it in the stock market.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.865-874
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• 2020

In Vietnam, the airline service sector plays an important economic role. However, it is a complicated industry that is open to failures. Negative emotions are an essential variable for the airline service industry because they can trigger a variety of coping behaviors that affect consumer loyalty as well as the image and reputation of the airline service providers. However, negative emotions and the accompanying coping behaviors are often investigated partially or as separate issues, thus leading to an incomplete understanding. This study is conducted to fill this gap by proposing and testing the causal relationship between negative emotions (anger, frustration, regret) and coping behaviors (complaint, negative word-of-mouth (WOM), and switching intention) in the context of the airline industry. Eight research hypotheses are tested. Using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 587 passengers in Vietnam, the empirical results show that anger and frustration influence complaints, negative WOM, and switching intention, while regret leads to switching intention and negative WOM. Thus, the research has important academic and practical implications. The empirical outcome could be of major importance for airline companies in planning to provide new services and achieve high performance in the long run.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.229-242
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• 2022

Creating a new retailing environment to meet the seamless experience requirements of consumers is a challenge for Omnichannel-related businesses. Based on the "appraisal-emotion-response" chain, the purpose of this research is to explore the psychological mechanism of omnichannel integration influencing customer retention and the moderating effect of customer showrooming experience. This research uses a structural equation model in partial least square software to analyze a two-stage survey (Study 1: n = 210; Study 2: n = 342) conducted in China. The results show that channel control experience has three dimensions: perceived channel attribute familiarity, channel type matching, and cross-channel access convenience; consistent interactive experience has two dimensions: information cross-channel consistency and cross-channel service support. Furthermore, both channel control experience and consistent interactive experience are favorable for customer retention through increased customer satisfaction (transactional and retailer satisfaction). Finally, customer showrooming experience positively moderates the relationship between consistent interactive experience and customer satisfaction. This research proposes a self-regulation process model to explain how omnichannel integration enhances consumers' experience, finally leading to consumer retention. The findings contribute to the omnichannel retail business literature and provide management implications for Asian retailers to implement an omnichannel business strategy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.509-519
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• 2013

Through the study on judgment of Body form and settle Energy flow(立形定氣) before diagnose the patients, the results are as follows. The observation of the body form is to determine prosperity and deficiency of each internal organ. It is necessary to distinguish Body form loss(形脫) and Body form fullness(形充). Fat man(肥人), Thin man(瘦人), Creamy man(膏人), Muscular man(肉人), Small Fat man(脂人) are discriminated by fat distribution, fat content, and muscle mass. The observation of the body form means the observation of structure disorder, color change, develop part at body, head and face. The observation of the body form that is to determine prosperity and deficiency of each internal organ is from the limited knowledge of the anatomy. The observation of face color is considered by blood perfusion, blood oxygenation and accumulation of carotinoid, bilirubin and change of melanin in the facial skin. The prosperity and the deficiency of energy flow is considered by symptom combined with growth (<40 years) and aging (>40 years). The prosperity of energy flow includes the anger, anxious emotion and the deficiency of energy flow includes the fear, depressive emotion. The breathing type is expiratory exhalation like asthma patients in the prosperity of energy flow. The deficiency of energy flow is weakness to overcome the disease. The prosperity and the deficiency of energy flow are considered by body metabolic ratios (Basal metabolic Rate: BMR, Resting metabolic rate: RMR, Physical activity ratios: PASs). Development of subcutaneous fat is good in the person of prosperous energy flow. The person of prosperous energy flow is hard to overcome to heat weather than cold weather. The person of deficiency of energy flow has tendencies of low blood pressure, insufficiency of blood flow in the peripheral and being shocked. The person of deficiency of energy flow has tendencies of chronic fatigue syndrome or automatic nerve disorder. If the patient who has deficiency of energy flow has severe weight loss should be checked for the presence of disease. The observation of small and large of bone is to check the development and disorder of bone growth and aging. The observation of thickness and weakness of muscle is to check the development of muscle, particularly biceps, gastrocnemius, and rectus abdominal muscle. The observation of thickness and weakness of skin is to check the ability of regulating body temperature by sweating.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2009

The study is about how the difference in education levels can affect the subjects' use of color and find out the features of the effect. This experimental study focused on the differences in color expression using the outline picture of a painting before and after being exposed to a full-color picture of the original painting. Differences between two conditions with two different stimuli were observed and the cause of the differences was analyzed based on the number of colors and the quantity of colors and composition of the colors used by the subjects. The study precedes an experiment based on how the level of education though experience can affect the use of colors. This study is focused on the various effects of color usage by children and adults who have various degrees of visual experience. In addition, the study analyzes how design majored subject differed in the use of color from non-design majored subject and compares the use of colors by the two groups. The results showed that design majored subject tended to use less coloring patterns after seeing the stimulus of the Monet picture with more colors, and included the colors from the stimuli they were exposed to. The non-design majored subject who viewed the Mondrian painting demonstrated opposite results by using less number of colors than before seeing the stimuli. In comparison to design majored subject, the variations in selected colors and the quantity of color by non-design majored subject were not consistent.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

This study was to examine how visual angle of matrix corresponding to the physical properties of P300 speller and eye gaze corresponding to the user's personal characteristics influence on the accuracy of P300. Visual angle of the matrix was operated as the distance between the user and the matrix and three groups were composed: 60 cm group, 100 cm groups, and 150 cm group. Eye gaze methods was consisted three conditions. Head moving condition was putting eye gaze using head, pupil moving condition was moving pupil with the head fixed, while the eye fixed condition is to fix the eye gaze at the center of the matrix. The results showed that there was significant difference in the accuracy of P300 speller according to the eye gaze method. The accuracy of the head moving condition was higher than the accuracy of pupil moving conditions, accuracy of pupil moving conditions was higher than the accuracy of the eye fixed conditions. However, the effect of visual angle of matrix and interaction effect were not significant. When P300 amplitude of target character was measured depending on how you stare at the target character, P300 amplitude of the head moving condition was greater than P300 amplitude of the pupil moving condition. There was no significant difference in the error distribution in head moving condition and pupil moving condition, while there was a significant difference between two eye gaze conditions and fixed gaze condition. The error was located at the neighboring characters of the target character in head moving condition and pupil moving condition, while the error was relatively distributed widely in fixed eye condition, error was occurred with high rate in characters far away from the center of matrix.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.335-346
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• 2017

In this study, we developed and examined the validity and reliability of the Test for Indicators of Positive Experiences about Science (TIPES) that measures students' positive experiences about science. We have developed TIPES through literature reviews, development of the preliminary version of TIPES, a pilot test and revisions of the preliminary version, and the test of the final version. Through literature reviews and Delpi methods, we developed the preliminary version of TIPES, which consists of five categories such as science academic emotion, science-related self-concept, science learning motivation, science-related career aspiration, and science-related attitude. Using the preliminary version, we conducted a pilot test with 198 students consisting of 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th graders, and modified the first version based on the results from the pilot test and expert meetings. We then conducted a main test with the revised version of TIPES with 1,841 students consisting of 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th graders. According to a confirmatory factor analysis, a reliability test and descriptive statistics analyses, TIPES found to have a good validity as well as reliability. In addition, there are statistically significant differences in the norm distribution and scores of TIPES by student's grade, gender, school location, and level of participation in science-related activities. Discussed in the conclusion are the implications of this research for science education research and science teaching and learning practices in the school.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences of nonlinear characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) depending on different sensitivities of behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) of young and elderly groups. The EEGs from Fpl and Fp2 electrodes were recorded during resting condition. The young and elderly groups consisted of 19 and 31 healthy right-handed volunteers, respectively. We estimated 1/f scaling exponent which reflects the nonlinear dynamical complexity of EEG. As results, we found the differences of 1/f scaling exponent between young ant elderly BAS sensitive groups. The 1/f scaling exponent of young BAS sensitive group showed significantly higher values than those of elderly BAS sensitive group at the left prefrontal area (Fpl). The young BAS sensitive group had also a tendency to higher 1/f scaling exponent at the right prefrontal area (Fp2). Decrease of the 1/f scaling exponent indicates the increase of complexity and the decrease of the amount of information related to the statistical distribution. Therefore, the elderly BAS sensitive group has higher complexity than young BAS sensitive group, though they were all classified as BAS sensitive group by BAS/BIS scale. Our results suggest the possibility of correlation between BAS sensitivity an4 age.