• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1993

Central nervous system of two dogs with natural canine distemper was investigated histopathologically and immunocytochemically with antisera to MBP, MAG and GFAP. Histopathologically, there were neuronal degeneration and diffuse gliosis in the cerebrum, vacuolar degeneration, hypertrophy of astrocytes and demyelination in cerebellar white matter adjacent to the 4th ventricle and optic tracts showing non-inflammatory demyelinating encephalomyelitis (Summers and Appel, 1987). Immunohistochemically, there was a concurrent disappearance of MBP and MAG in the well developed demyelinating lesion in the cerebellar white matter. At the margin of demyelination, Loss of both MBP and MAG varied on the stage of demyelinating process. GFAP-positive astrocytes were hypertrophied and contained canine distemper virus intranuclear inclusions. GFAP-positive fibers were increased at the early stage of demyelination, and then were not immunoreaeted at the well developed demyelination. Hypertrophic astrocytes with intranuclear inclusions were commonly identified in the interfascular layer without myelin vacuolation and demyelination. This is the first study of primary demyelination and astroglial reactions in natural CDE investigated using immunocytochemistry of two myelin proteins and GFAP. Concurrent loss of MBP and MAG suggest that the myelin sheath is the target in the demyelinating process in CDE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.262-262
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2002

모빌리 바이러스에 의한 급성, 아급성, 전염성, 열성, 질환으로 전신형, 호흡기형, 소화기형, 신경형, 안형, 피부형으로 구분할 수 있다. 이 바이러스는 사람의 홍역 바이러스와 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문에 일명 개홍역 또는 모빌리 바이러스 감염증이라고도 한다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.376-382
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• 1999

A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate was recovered from a 9-month-old female Shih-Tzu dog with canine distemper virus infection. We performed in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test to determine the most effective antimicrobial drug against the isolate and thus, to emphasize its potential clinical importance in animal practices. Isolate was confirmed MRSA by oxacillin agar screening test. The isolate was fully resistant to all $\beta$-lactam antibiotics and was susceptible to glycopeptides. Of the other antibiotics, mupirocin, TMP/SMZ (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and chloramphenicol showed inhibitory effect at the concentration of 4x MIC. The MICs ranged 0.25->$128{\mu}g/ml$, and MBCs ranged 0.5->$128{\mu}g/ml$. The combined TMP/SMZ with cefamandole or novobiocin showed synergistic effect, whereas the combination of novobiocin plus cefamandole or teicoplanin resulted in antagonistic effects. Although MRSA in animals so far has been reported in the geographically limited countries, at least theoretically, it could be occurred in the future more frequently through either human or animal origin. The use of this combination may be of value in this situation. As with all antimicrobial agents, inappropriate or unnecessarily prolonged therapy may contribute to the emergence of resistance strains and loss of efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Recently, companion animal culture has grown rapidly and mature, raising interest in preventing and treating animal diseases. In particular, viral infection was a serious threat to companion animal health because there was no proper antiviral drugs. Synthetic antiviral drugs have limitations such as low efficiency, toxicity, and occurrence of resistant viruses. Therefore, attempts to find new anti-viral drugs from natural sources have continued. This review focused on the natural products and active substances that exhibit antiviral activity against three viruses: canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) that cause fatal diseases in dogs and cats. Natural plant extracts, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids and saponins showed antiviral activity with various mechanisms and differences in activity depending on the structure. Especially, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) showed antiviral activity through a multi-mechanism that interferes with the attachment and penetration stages of the virus and inhibits the viral polymerase within the cell. Some natural plant extracts showed a virucidal activity and showed the potential effect as a preventative agent to prevent the viral infection. This review is expected to provide research trend on the development of antiviral natural products for companion animals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to compare the serological response of dogs to four commercially available combination vaccines and three different vaccination schedules to canine distemper virus (CDV). A total of 120 healthy puppies (20 puppies per group) at 6 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of four vaccines [C, G, K, and V (or V3) groups] and one of vaccination schedules [V2 and V4 groups]. At six, nine, and 12 weeks of age, puppies in each group were vaccinated with one of four combination vaccines subcutaneously. And puppies in V2 and V4 groups were vaccinated with V vaccine every 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The serological responses to CDV component of the vaccines were determined by measuring SN titers. The immunogenicity of V vaccine was superior to the other vaccines and optimum vaccination schedule was 3 times vaccination with 3 weeks-interval starting vaccination at 6 weeks of age. Although puppies were vaccinated at 6 weeks of age, the geometric mean CDV titers of puppies in all groups by 9 weeks of age were under the protective level. Therefore, prophylactic measures should include isolation of young dogs from the dog population until vaccination can be expected to provide protection.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.64.1-64.14
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• 2020

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection results in high morbidity and mortality in dogs. There has been no report about Isolation of Korean CDV since 1980 in Korea. Objectives: To investigate the biological properties and the genetic characterization of Korean CDV. Methods: Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (dSLAM) gene named as Vero/dSLAM were used to isolate CDV using 17 samples. Diagnostic methods such as cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence assay, peroxidase linked assay, electron microscopy, rapid immunodiagnostic assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the Korean CDV isolate as a CDV. The genetic analysis was performed through cloning and sequencing of hemagglutinin gene of CDV isolate. Results: A virus propagated in Vero/dSLAM cell was confirmed as CDV (CD1901 strain) based on the above methods. The CD1901 strain showed the highest viral titer (10^5.5 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID₅₀]/mL) in the Vero/dSLAM cells at 4 days post inoculation, but did not form a fork on chorioallantoic membrane of 7-day-old egg. Ribavirin, a nucleotide analogue anti-viral agent, inhibits moderately the Korean CDV propagation in the Vero/dSLAM cells. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the H gene of CD1901 strain were compared with those of other CDV strains. The CD1901 strain belonged to Asia 1 group and had the highest similarity (99.9%) with the BA134 strain, which was isolated in China in 2008. Conclusions: We constructed successfully Vero/dSLAM and isolated one Korean CDV isolate (CD1901 strain) from a naturally infected dog. The CD1901 strain belonged to Asia 1 genotype.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-4
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• 1963

A Puppy, four months old manifested lassitude, inappetance, fever, caughing, purulent discharge from the eyes and nose and followed by nervous symptomes. Grossly, cardiac muscle was practically discolored to white patches. Histologically, cardiac and skel

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.52-53
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• 2005

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.755-759
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• 2010

A 6-year-old, intact female Dachshund was presented with generalized seizure for 2 days. Based on the neurologic and physical examinations, intracranial diseases were suspected. 1.5T and 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were taken. The MRI results revealed diffuse hyperintense lesions in the area of the diencephalon to the medulla oblongata in the T2-weighted images. Canine distemper virus-induced meningoencephalitis was confirmed by the result of RT-PCR of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The dog was euthanized 7 days after diagnosis due to poor prognosis and clinical deterioration. Postmortem histopathologic examination was consistent with the MRI findings. This is the first case report using 1.5T and 7.0T MRI to compare the virus-induced intracranial lesions in meningoencephalitis.