• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.380-391
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were $0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$, and $0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-87
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• 1981

The study is aimed at exploring concept held by clinical nurses of nursing. The data were collected from 225 nurses conviniently selected from the population of nurses working in Kang Won province. Findings include. 1) Nurse's Qualification. The respondents view that specialized knowledge is more important qualification of the nurse. Than warm personality. Specifically, 92.9% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge as the most important qualification while only 43.1％ indicated warm personality. 2) On Nursing Profession. The respondents view that nursing profession as health service oriented rather than independent profession specifically. This suggests that nursing profession is not consistentic present health care delivery system nor support nurses working independently. 3) On Clients of Nursing Care The respondents include patients, family and the community residents in the category of nursing care. Specifically, 92.0％ of the respondents view that patient is the client, while only 67.1％ of nursing student and 74.7％ of herself. This indicates the lack of the nurse's recognition toward their clients. 4) On the Priority of Nursing care. Most of the respondents view the clients physical psychological respects as important component of nursing care but not the spiritual ones. Specially, 96.0% of the respondents indicated the physical respects, 93% psychological ones, while 64.1% indicated the spiritual ones. This means the lack of comprehensive conception on nursing aimension. 5) On Nursing Care. 91.6% of the respondents indicated that nursing care is the activity decreasing pain or helping to recover illness, while only 66.2% indicated earring out the physicians medical orders. 6) On Purpose of Nursing Care. 89.8% of the respondents indicated preventing illness and than 76.6% of them decreasing 1;ai of clients. On the other hand, maintaining health has the lowest selection at the degree of 13.8%. This means the lack of nurses' recognition for maintaining health as the most important point. 7) On Knowledge Needed in Nursing Care. Most of the respondents view that the knowledge faced with the spot of nursing care is needed. Specially, 81.3% of the respondents indicated simple curing method and 75.1%, 73.3%, 71.6% each indicated child nursing, maternal nursing and controlling for the communicable disease. On the other hand, knowledge w hick has been neglected in the specialized courses of nursing education, that is, thinking line among com-w unity members, overcoming style against between stress and personal relation in each home, and administration, management have a low selection at the depree of 48.9%,41.875 and 41.3%. 8) On Nursing Idea. The highest degree of selection is that they know themselves rightly, (The mean score measuring distribution was 4.205/5) In the lowest degree,3.016/5 is that devotion is the essential element of nursing, 2.860/5 the religious problems that human beings can not settle, such as a fatal ones, 2,810/5 the nursing profession is worth trying in one's life. This means that the peculiarly essential ideas on the professional sense of value. 9) On Nursing Services. The mean score measuring distribution for the nursing services showed that the inserting of machine air way is 2.132/5, the technique and knowledge for surviving heart-lung resuscitating is 2.892/s, and the preventing air pollution 3.021/5. Specially, 41.1% of the respondents indicated the lack of the replied ratio. 10) On Nurses' Qualifications. The respondents were selected five items as the most important qualifications. Specially, 17.4% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge, 15.3% the nurses' health, 10.6％ satisfaction for nursing profession, 9.8% the experience need, 9.2% comprehension and cooperation, while warm personality as nursing qualifications have a tendency of being lighted. 11) On the Priority of Nursing Care The respondents were selected three items as the most important component. Most of the respondents view the client's physical, spiritual: economic points as important components of nursing care. They showed each 36.8%, 27.6%, 13.8% while educational ones showed 1.8%. 12) On Purpose of Nursing Care. The respondents were selected four items as the most important purpose. Specially,29.3% of the respondents indicated curing illness for clients, 21.3% preventing illness for client 17.4% decreasing pain, 15.3% surviving. 13) On the Analysis of Important Nursing Care Ranging from 5 point to 25 point, the nurses' qualification are concentrated at the degree of 95.1%. Ranging from 3 point to 25, the priorities of nursing care are concentrated at the degree of 96.4%. Ranging from 4 point to 16, the purpose of nursing care is concentrated at the degree of 84.0%. 14) The Analysis, of General Characteristics and Facts of Nursing Concept. The correlation between the educational high level and nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.0262). The correction between the educational low level and purpose of nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.002) The correlation between nurses' working yeras and the degree of importance for the purpose of nursing care showed significance (P < 0.0155) Specially, the most affirmative answers were showed from two years to four ones. 15) On Nunes' qualification and its Degree of Importance The correlation between nurses' qualification and its degree of importance showed significance. (r = 0.2172, p< 0.001) 0.005) B. General characteristics of the subjects The mean age of the subject was 39 ; with 38.6% with in the age range of 20-29 ; 52.6% were male; 57.9％ were Schizophrenia; 35.1% were graduated from high school or high school dropouts; 56.l％ were not have any religion; 52.6% were unmarried； 47.4% were first admission; 91.2% were involuntary admission patients. C. Measurement of anxiety variables. 1. Measurement tools of affective anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.854). 2. Measurement tools of somatic anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.920). D. Relationship between the anxiety variables and the general characteristics. 1. Relationship between affective anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The level of female patients were higher than that of the male patient (t = 5.41, p < 0.05). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to affective anxiety, so in the first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 5.50, p < 0.005). 2, Relationship between somatic anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The age range of 30-39 was found to have the highest level of the somatic anxiety. (F = 3.95, p < 0.005). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to the somatic anxiety, so .in first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 9.12, p ＜ 0.005) 0. Analysis of significant anxiety symptoms for nursing intervention. 1. Seven items such as dizziness, mental integration, sweating, restlessness, anxiousness, urinary frequency and insomnia, init. accounted for 96％ of the variation within the first 24 hours after admission. 2. Seven items such as fear, paresthesias, restlessness, sweating insomnia, init., tremors and body aches and pains accounted for 84% of the variation on the 10th day after admission.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.871-881
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• 1996

목적: 국가결핵관리 중 초치료 단기 표준요법에서 PZA는 6EHRZ에 포함되어 치료초기에 2개월간만 사용되고 있지만, 약제에 감수성 재발로 재치료에 장기간 사용된 경우와 감수성검사 결과 내성이 획득된 경우는 PZA를 사용하지 않는 것이 바람직 하며 PZA를 추가하여 사용하지 못하는 경우 우리 나라와 같이 결핵의 유병률이 높은 나라의 경우는 재치료 처방에 대하여 100% 신뢰를 하기가 힘든 실정으로 PZA와 대치가 가능하거나 재치료 처방을 보완해 줄 수 있는 약제의 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 최근 4-Fluoroquinolone 제제가 개발되면서 약간 희망을 가질 수 있게 되었으나 현재까지 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 제제는 Ofloxacin(이후 OFX)과 Ciprofloxacine(이후 CPFX)에 불과하고 일부에서 이러한 제제에 대한 약효가 입증되었다고는 하지만 대부분이 실험실적인 결과와 약제의 살균작용이 강한 약제와 같이 투여하여 얻어진 결과이기 때문에 항결핵제로는 일부에서만 사용되고 있으며, 결핵 치료 효과에 대한 충분한 자료가 없기 때문에 확실한 효과가 알려져 있는 다른 항결핵제 대신에 사용하거나 이 제제를 한가지만 사용해서는 안되고 단지 폐결핵 재치료의 최후에 사용하되 최소한 2-3개의 효과적인 다른 2차약제와 병용해야 한다고 알려져 있다. 또한 우리나라에서 OFX와 CPFX가 사용되고 있는 경우에도 일부에서는 정립된 지침이 없이 무분별하게 사용되고 있으며, 이에 대한 연구 또한 미흡한 실정으로 폐결핵 재치료에 대한 Regi-men의 정립과 이러한 제제의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방법: 1994년 1월부터 1995년 12월까지 2년동안 국립마산병원에 입원하였던 재치료 환자로서 2차약제를 처음 처방한 83 명을 OFX +PTA+CS+ PAS + 주사제를 사용하는 처방군(이후, Group I)과 PZA + PTA + CS+PAS+ 주사제를 사용하는 처방군(이후, Group II)으로 분류하여 Group 간에 일반적인 특성에 차이가 있는 가를 검증하고, 치료에 따른 결과를 $\chi$2-test와 T-test를 하여 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 결과: 1 연령분포는 Group I과 Group II 모두 30대가 각각 29.2%, 37.1%롤 많았고, 평균 연령은 Group I 이 43.9세 Group II가 39.0세로 Group 1 이 많았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 성별로는 Group I과 Group II모두 남자가 각각 68.8%, 85.7%로 많았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 2. 가족력이 있는 경우는 Group I이 29.2%로 Group II 28.6%보다 많았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 3. 병변의 범위에 따른 구분은 Group I과 Group II 모두 중증이 각각 60.4%, 74.3%로 많았으나, Group 간에 차이는 없었다. 4. 약제에 대한 부작용을 호소한 경우는 Group II가 65.7%로 Group I 58.3%보다 많았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었고, Group II 에서는 위장장애를 호소한 정우가 25.0%, Group II 에서는 관절통은 호소한 경우가 34.3%로 많아 Group 간에 유의한 차이 (p<0.05)가 있었다. 5. 객담도말검사상 균음전화는 Group I이 87.5%로 Group II 80%보다 높았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었고, 객담배양검사상 균음전화는 Group I이 91.7 %로 Group II 82.9%보다 높았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 6. 치료 성공률은 Group I이 87.5%로 Group II 80.0%보다 높았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 결론: 재치료 병합치료에서 OFX는 PZA를 사용하지 못하는 환자에게 투여하여 PZA를 사용할 때와 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 대체 약제로 사용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2000

The following results have been obtaind after examing 72patients with facial paralysis who were hospitalzed and treated through the time period of December 1st, 1996 to November 30th, 1999 at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Seoul Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University. During the examination, those 72 patients were divided into two groups, and One group was treated by oriental-western treatment, the other group was treated by oriental treatment. Oriental treatments were acupuncture and moxibustion, herb medicine, physical treatment and hygienic treatment. The one of main western treatments is steroid therapy. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In regard to signs at the first medical examination, lacrimation was showed highest number and facial paralysis, dysgeusia, hyperacusis were showed in numerical order. 2. In regard to prescription of oriental herb medicine, Kamissangbotang(加味雙補湯) was prescribed in greatest numbers and Boyangwhanotang(補陽還五湯), Kamiboiktang(加味補益湯), Ligigepungtang(理氣祛風湯) were prescribed in numerical order. 3. In regard to treatment number, 10~19 times for treatment was showed highest number and 1~9 times, 20~29 times, 40~49 times were showed in numerical order . 4. In regard to mean treatment times about injury region and main sign, the effect of oriental-western treatment was showed as follows: lacrimal gland disorder, hyperacusis, dysgeusia, facial paralysis were treated for 15.1, 27, 13.2 and 21.4 times, repectively. The effect of oriental treatment was showed as follows: lacrimal gland disorder, hyperacusis, dysgeusia, facial paralysis were treated for 34.8, 22.1, 33.8 and 16.3 times, respectively. 5. In regard ta the effect of treatment about injury region and main sign, oriental-western treatment was showed as follows: cases of lacrimal gland disorder were showed 1 of excellent case, 1 of fair case, 5 of good cases. In hyperacusis patients, there was showed 1 of fair case. In dysgeusia patients, there was showed 1 of excellent case, 3 of fair cases, 1 of good case. In facial paralysis, there were showed 5 of fair cases. Oriental treatment was showed as follows: In lacrimal gland disorder, the excellent were 4 cases, the fair were 10 cases, the good were 3 cases and the poor were 4 cases, In hyperacusis, the fair were 5 cases, the poor 2 cases. In dysgeusia, the excellent were 4 cases, the fair were 1 case, the good were 1 case and the poor was 1 case, In facial paralysis, the excellent were 9 cases, the fair were 4 cases, the good 3 cases and the poor were 3 cases. 6. The effect of total treatment was as follows: 30 cases were showed fair effect, 19 cases were showed excellent effect, 13 cases were showed good effect and 10 cases were showed poor effect. 7. In regard to attack factor, overlabour was showed highest number and wind-cold, mental stress, trauma, ear disease, common cold, dental diseae, reason unknwon were showed in numerical order. 8. In regard to premonitory symptoms, non significant symptoms were in 38 cases, the pain of peri-stylomastoid region were in 38 cases and headache, dysaesthesia of periorbit, dysgeusia, stomatitis, eyelid tic were showed in numerical order. 9. In regard to sex, male were 33 cases and female were 39 cases. The distribution of age was disclosed that thirty, forty, fifty, seventy, sixty, twenty and below twenty years were revealed in turn. Sex and paralytic side were showed as follows: male-left were 15 cases, male-right were 18 cases, female-left were 19 cases and female-right were 19 cases. In regard to attack frequence in month, March was showed highest number and January, April, May, August, October, etc were showed in numerical order. In regard to attack frequence in season, spring was showed highest number and winter, summer, fall were showed in numerical order, but attack frequence between four seasons wasn't showed significant difference.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-75
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• 1985

Accepting the health as the fundamental human right, the nation and society came to admit the duty to give it to all the people. Korean government is expanding the Primary Health Care as one of the policies for developing the people's health by the lead of community. Like this current situation the School Health Service which is the center of community Health Service schould be active to keep, promote and maintain the health of students and teachers. This investigation was attempted to help to establish the basis of the Health Education Program which would perform the health education efficiently and bring the reforming of student's health control, by measuring the degree of junior high school student's practice concerning health care and con-firming the relationship of knowledge, concern and level of health. The subjects for this study were made up 296 boys at the third grade in a school, located in Seoul. The tool for this study was questionaire. Data were collected for five days, September 22∼26, 1983. The investigators explained the students how to answer the questions of the survey questionaire and then collected the survey cards immediately. The data were analyzed by means of percentages, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The subjects' reaction to the practice concerning Health Care; According to the average proportion of practice concerning health care, subjects' practice in the aspect of Infectious Disease Care is the highest 82.4％ and they showed their practice in the aspect of the accident prevention by 77.5% and in the aspect of mental health by 74.8%. Their practice in the aspect of personal hygiene and daily lifehabit is the lowest 71.2%. 2. Health Knowledge; The whole mark distribution of health knowledge is ranged from the lowest 4 point to the highest, 30 point, therefore point range is 26.0. The Average point is 16.58. 11.2% of students solved more than two thirds of personal knowledge levels. 81.4% of students did more than one third of them. 7.415 of students did less than one third of them. 3. Health Concern; The Students of the average 3.99 point respond positively to the question about the health concern, ‘They think health is more important than money’, this is the highest rate. The students of the average 2.78 respond“when they are sick, they enter the appointed hospital where they own choose”, while it is the lowest. 4. Subjects' response to the health level are at follow: Very healthy 26.0%, healthy 47.0%, less healthy 10.5%, 34.9% of them have ever been sick within two weeks, the number of symptoms they reported amount to 114 and the number of cases poi one person is 0.35. 5. The hypotheses test about the practice concerning health care and the factor which effect on it. 1) The main first hypothesis:“The more knowledge of health the subjects have, the better they practice health care.”was accepted. (r=0.1582, p <0.05) 2) The minor first hypothesis:“The more interest in health subjects have, the better they practice”was accepted. (r=0.4354, p ＜0.001) 3) The minor second hypothesis;“The healthier subjects are, the better they practice health care”was accepted. (r=0.1069, p＜0.05) As other test, partical correlation test is performed in other refine whether health knowledge, a fact influencing the students practice concerning health care, is associated with the practice after controlling the third variables. First, after controlling health concern, the correlation of health knowledge and practice concerning health care was kept. (r=0.1347, p <0.005) Second, after controlling health level, the correlation of health knowledge and practice concerning health care was kept. (r=0.1526, p <0.005) And finally, after controlling economic state, the correlation of health knowledge and practice concern-ing health care was kept. (r=0.1413, p <0.05) Additionally Stepwise Multiple Regression between practice concerning health care and variables. 1.6591 of compliance was explained with the know-ledge (F=5.584, p <0.05), 20.0% of compliance was explained with the health concern added to knowledge. (F=63,213, p <0.005) As the above, health knowledge obviously have effects on the practice about the health care. But, contrary to researcher's expectation, health concern has more affects than health knowledge. Therefore, we must grope the plan to enhance health concern through the regular curriculum and systematic health education for students. Besides, we must study further on, to find the factors which have affect on the practice concerning health care.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

연구배경 : 황사는 우리나라에서 주로 3월에서 5월까지 봄에 집중적으로 발생하는 대기오염의 주된 원인으로 사람에게 만성 기관지염을 악화시키고 호흡기 질환을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 황사기간 중 부유분진 중의 무기이온 성분과 금속성분의 분석에 대한 연구와 천식 등 호흡기 질환과의 연관성에 대한 연구는 많으나, 아직까지 황사의 부유분진중의 미생물에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 이 연구에서는 황사 현상시 부유분진 중에 박테리아, 진균 그리고 바이러스 등의 미생물의 검출유무와 종류를 알아보고 금속 성분 및 농도에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 시료의 채취는 충남 태안군 파도리에서 cascade impactor(AN-200, USA)를 설치하여 1시간 동안 얻었으며 채취는 황사현상 기간과 비황사기간중 각각 한번씩 시행하였다. Cascade impactor에 의해 채취된 부유분진중의 미생물 검사는 cascade impactor내에 있는 여과지를 그람 양성균, 그람 음성균, 진균, 그리고 바이러스의 배지(4종, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, RSV)에 옮긴 후에 배양하여 분석하였다. 금속 성분의 분석은 XRF를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 조사 대상 지역의 황사기간과 비황사 기간 중 부유분진의 농도는 각각 80.2, $40.3g/m^3$ 이었다. 부유분진 중 XRF로 분석한 금속성분은 알루미늄과 규소, 황, 칼륨과 칼슘, 철 등 대부분의 금속이 비 황사 기간에 비해 황사 기간에서 농도가 높았다. 미생물 검사 결과상 그람 양성균은 Bacillus species, Coagulase negative staphylococcus가 자랐으며 황사기간보다 비 황사 기간동안 채취한 시료에서 오히려 더 많은 단계의 여과지에서 균이 동정되었으나 두 기 간에서 자라는 균주의 종류에는 차이가 없었다. 진균 배양은 비 황사 기간동안 Mucor species, Cladosporum, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria등의 진균들이 자랐으며, 황사 기간동안은 Penicillium과 Alternaria, 그리고 다른 mold form fungus들이 자랐다. 바이러스와 그람 음성균은 두 기간 다 자라는 균주는 없었다. 결 론 : 이 연구는 황사 기간동안 대기분진 중에 포함된 미생물에 대한 최초의 연구로 황사 현상시 미생물의 검출 종류는 크게 차이가 없었으나 개체수의 증가가 관찰되었으며 금속 성분의 종류는 차이가 없었으나 농도는 황사 현상시에 더 높은 수치를 보여 황사현상에 따른 호흡기 질환자의 주의와 대기오염에 대한 대책이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

연구배경 : Peroxiredoxin (Prx) 은 최근에 알려진 항산화제로 세포의 증식과 분화, 세포사멸이나 발암과정에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 현재까지 폐암을 비롯한 각종 질병에서의 이들 Prx단백의 역할은 잘 규명되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 폐암 조직과 정상폐조직에서 Prx 단백의 발현 양상과 분포를 연구하여 이들의 병태 생리학적인 의미를 찾아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 아주대학교 병원에서 폐암으로 진단된 환자의 폐암조직과, 동일 환자의 정상 폐조직에서, 1 차원전기영동 (reducing 조건과 non-reducing 조건에서의 SDSPAGE) 혹은 2차원전기영동을 시행한 후 Western blot으로 Prx, Trx 및 TR의 발현 양상을 분석 하였으며, 백서의 정상 폐조직과, 환자의 폐암 조직에서 anti-Prx rabbit polyclonal 항체로 하여 면역조직화학염색법을 통해, Prx 단백의 분포를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 면역조직화학염색법 결과 백서의 정상 폐조직에서는 Prx I, II, III 및 V 유형이, 주로 기관지상피세포, 폐포상피세포 및 폐포대식세포에서 발현되고 있음을 관찰하였다. 인체 폐암조직에서는, 정상 폐조직 부위에 비해서 Prx I 과 Prx III 유형 및 Trx단백의 발현이 선택적으로 증가되어 있고, 특히, 2차원 전기영동을 통한 프로티옴 분석에서 산화된 형태의 Prx I 과 Prx II가 증가 한 것을 비롯하여, 분자량과 등전점(pI)이 약간 변화된 형태의 Prx III가 폐암조직에 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 폐암 조직의 non-reducing 전기영동 후 Western blot에서는, monomer와 dimer 사이의 중간 크기에 해당하는 약 40 kDa과 200 kDa 이상 크기의, 항 Prx 항체와 반응하는 단백 띠 (reactive bands)가 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 폐암 조직에서 관찰되는 Prx I 과 Prx III 유형 및 Trx의 과발현 양상은, 종양 세포들이 주변의 미세 환경으로부터 겪는 여러 스트레스에 대하여 단백질을 보호하고 세포의 생명력을 유지하는데 있어 주요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2005

배 경 : 특발성 폐동맥고혈압(idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, IPAH)과 만성혈전색전성 폐고혈압(chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, CTEPH)은 드문 질환이지만 만성적인 폐동맥 고혈압을 유발하는 중요한 질환이다. 두 질환은 임상소견 및 검사소견이 유사한 질환으로 감별이 어렵지만 치료의 차이 때문에 감별이 꼭 필요한 질환이다. 한 대학병원에서 경험한 두 질환의 임상상의 유사점과 차이점을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 서울아산병원에서 1995년부터 2002년까지 IPAH로 진단 받은 환자 33명과 CTEPH으로 진단 받은 환자 22명에 대해서 작성된 프로토콜과 의무기록을 검토하여 증상, 신체검사, 심전도, 흉부단순촬영, 폐기능검사, 심초음파, 핵의학검사, 심도자검사 등의 임상소견을 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 나이의 중앙값은 IPAH군에서 33세(6~70세)로 CTEPH군의 52세(27~78세)보다 적었다. 성별은 IPAH군은 33명중 여자가 25명(76%)으로 남자보다 많았고 CTEPH군은 22명중 남자가 12명(55%)으로 성비에 차이가 없었다. 흉부단순촬영상 계측치, 심전도에서 계측치, 폐기능검사에서 폐활량과 폐확산능 그리고 심초음파에서 삼첨판최고역류속도는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 폐관류스캔에서는 IPAH군의 28.1%의 환자가 정상소견을 보였고 71.9%의 환자가 폐색전증의 낮은 가능성 소견을 보였다. 이에 반해 CTEPH군에서는 22명 모든 환자에서 폐색전의 높은 가능성소견이 관찰되었다. 결 론 : CTEPH과 IPAH는 임상증상이나 일반적인 검사소견이 유사한 질환이지만, 나이와 성별분포 및 폐관류 스캔소견에 차이를 보여 이러한 차이점들이 두 질환의 감별에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

연구배경: 원발성 폐 선암은 다른 비소세포암에 비해 흡연과의 연관성이 상대적으로 적고 최근 증가 추세에 있으며 여성에서 많이 발생하는 특징을 가진 암종으로 폐 선암의 남녀 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 고신대학교 병원에 내원하여 폐 선암으로 처음으로 진단된 환자 438명을 대상으로 혈액학적, 흡연력, 돌연변이, 병리조직, 생존 기간 및 치료방법에 따른 반응등을 조사하여 폐 선암으로 진단받은 환자의 남녀간 차이를 비교분석하였다. 결 과: 총 438명의 환자 중 남성이 259명(59.1%), 여성이 179명(40.1%)으로 남성이 많았고, 50세 이전에서의 남녀 유병률은 여성이 25.8%로 남성의 17.7%에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.02). 흡연율은 남성이 86%, 여성이 18%로 남성에서 월등히 높았고(p=0.000), 전체 중간 생존기간은 남성이 639일, 여성이 823일로 여성에서 높았다(p=0.01). 전혈구검사상 혈색소가 12 g/dL 미만인 경우는 여성이 64.6%로 남성의 32.4% 비해 유의하게 높았고(p=0.001), 종양 표지자 중 CEA가 5 ng/ml 이상인 경우는 여성이 68.1%로 남성의 32.1%에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.000). 병기에 따른 남녀 구성비의 차이는 보이지 않았고, EGFR 및 K-ras 돌연변이도 남녀 간 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 조직학적 소견상 기관지 폐포암의 성분을 포함하고 있었던 경우는 여성에서 20명(11.2%), 남성에서 13명(5.0%)으로 여성에서 유의하게 높았다(p=0.035). 수술을 받은 76명의 환자를 다시 항암치료를 받은 군(57명)과 항암치료를 받지 않은 군(19명)으로 나누어 생존기간을 비교한 결과 남녀 모두 항암치료를 병행한 군에서 생존기간이 유의하게 연장되었음을 확인할 수 있었고(p<0.001), 수술만 받은 환자군에서는 남녀간 생존기간의 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 수술과 항암 치료를 병행한 군에서는 통계적 유의성은 가지지 못했으나 남성에 비해 여성에서 생존기간이 더 연장되는 경향을 보였다(p=0.054). 결 론: 폐 선암 환자에서 남녀 성별에 따라 혈액학적, 흡연력, 기관지 폐포암의 구성 비율, 전체 중간 생존 기간 및 치료 방법에 따른 남녀 생존 기간의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 폐 선암의 진단 및 치료에 있어서 이러한 성별에 따른 차이를 반드시 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.645-660
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to make and ascertain a decision making process on the base of patient-oriented utilitarianism in the treatment of patients of chronic adult periodontitis. Fifty subjects were chosen in Yonsei Dental hospital and the other fifty were chosen in Severance dental hospital according to the selection criteria. Fifty four patients agreed in this study. NS group(N=32) was treated with scaling and root planing without any surgical intervention, the other S group(N=22) done with flap operation. During the active treatment and healing time, all patients of both groups were educated about the importance of oral hygiene and controlled every visit to the hospital. When periodontal treatment needed according to the diagnostic results, some patients were subjected to professional tooth cleaning and scaling once every 3 months according to an individually designed oral hygienic protocol. Probing depth was recorded on baseline and 18 months after treatments. A questionnaire composed of 6 kinds(hygienic easiness, hypersensitivity, post treatment comfort, complication, functional comfort, compliance) of questions was delivered to each patient to obtain the subjective evaluation regarding the results of therapy. The decision tree for the treatment of adult periodontal disease was made on the result of 2 kinds of periodontal treatment and patient's ubjective evaluation. The optimal path was calculated by using the success rate of the results as the probability and utility according to relative value and the economic value in the insurance system. The success rate to achieve the diagnostic goal of periodontal treatment as the remaining pocket depth less than 3mm and without BOP was $0.83{\pm}0.12$ by non surgical treatment and $0.82{\pm}0.14$ by surgical treatment without any statistically significant difference. The moderate success rate of more than 4mm probing pocket depth were 0.17 together. The utilities of non-surgical treatment results were 100 for a result with less than 3mm probing pocket depth, 80 for the other results with more than 4mm probing pocket depth, 0 for the extraction. Those of surgical treatment results were the same except 75 for the results with more than 4mm. The pooling results of subjective evaluation by using a questionnaire were 60% for satisfaction level and 40% for no satisfaction level in the patient group receiving nonsurgical treatment and 33% and 67% in the other group receiving surgical treatment. The utilities for 4 satisfaction levels were 100, 75, 60, 50 on the base of that the patient would express the satisfaction level with normal distribution. The optimal path of periodontal treatment was rolled back by timing the utility on terminal node and the success rate, the distributed ratio of patient's satisfaction level. Both results of the calculation was non surgical treatment. Therefore, it can be said that non-surgical treatment may be the optimal path for this decision tree of treatment protocol if the goal of the periodontal treatment is to achieve the remaining probing pocket depth of less than 3mm for adult chronic periodontitis and if the utilitarian philosophy to maximise the expected utility for the patients is advocated.