• Title/Summary/Keyword: direction code

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Comparison Study of Beam Pattern for FDD downlink CDMA Signals (FDD에서 하향링크 CDMA신호의 빔패턴 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Sang-Choon;Son, Kyung-Soo;Ha, Joo-Young;Lee, Sung-Mok;Jang, Won-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.358-365
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, the effects of transmit beamforming on downlink performance in DS-CDMA communication systems are investigated. The uplink and downlink in FDD systems use different carrier frequencies. If the downlink uses the same weighting vectors as the uplink, the antenna beam for downlink is formed with certain DOA shift and it thus affects the beamforming gain. So, the impacts of different frequencies on the downlink beam patterns are studied. One possible algorithm to convert uplink beamforming weights to downlink, which is called frequency-calibrated processing, is also evaluated to reduce the degradation of downlink performance due to different frequencies. Under frequency selective channels, the downlink chooses a PUPW beamforming scheme when the uplink employs a PPPW vectors. To form a beam pattern for a PUPW after combining the downlink PPPWs converted from the uplink PPPWs, three approaches are studied. One method is to consider only one dominant path and thus obtain a single main-beam. In the others, multiple-beams weighted with the magnitudes of all paths and equally weighted with all paths are constructed.

A Study on the Extracting ICT Development Trend and Promising Technologies by Utilizing Patent Information in Gyeongbuk Province (특허정보를 활용한 경북지역 ICT 개발동향 분석 및 유망기술 도출에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Jang-Hyup;Kim, Chae-Bogk
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.236-264
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    • 2018
  • This study investigates the trend of the patent applications and the future direction of ICT in Gyeongbuk Province by employing patent portfolio analysis, one of the methodology of map analyses for industry-related ICT issues. Thus, this study aims to investigate the ICT development trend based on ICT patent information in Gyeongbuk Province. The promising technologies in ICT industry are extracted by applying patent portfolio analysis, one of the patent map analyses. The analysis results can be applied to the establishment of research and development strategies. This study extracts ICT trend by applying International Patent Classification to the patents registered in Gyeongbuk. For promising technologies, this study analyzed the patents based on the ICT Classification Code. Based on the analysis results, this study presents the trend of patent application, technology share, patent activity status, the trend of patent application by each technology according to ICT classification, the growth stages of ICT market, registration parties for patents, joint researches of research parties, and primary parties of patent applications. After drawing promising technologies, this study provides the future progress direction of ICT industry in Gyeongbuk Province. The research results also can be applied to securing technology competence and developing strategy of technology policy.

Prediction of water quality change in Saemangeum reservoir by floodgate operation at upstream (상류제수문 방류조건에 따른 새만금호의 수질변화 예측)

  • Kim, Se Min;Park, Young Ki;Lee, Dong Joo;Chung, Mahn
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.373-386
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    • 2017
  • This study simulated water quality item and flow rate of subbasin for Saemangeum watershed using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model which simulate hydraulic and water quality in three-dimensions. The simulated values corresponded to observed value well. The result of simulation for floodgate operations at the M3 and M5 points, it exceeds water quality standard and at the M3 and D3 points, change of range for concentration is too wide, and upstream of Saemangeum reservoir is sensitive to inflow flow rate. Compared to the annual average concentration for observed station according to the discharge conditions, improvement of water quality for upstream was apparently compared to the downstream. Range of influence for change of water quality presented that maximum discharge condition, the influence range is 22 km in the direction of the Saemangeum downstream from the Mankyung bridge, and 15 km in the downstream direction of saemangeum in the Dongjin bridge. This study result demonstrated that floodgate operating at upstream has significant influence on water quality management of Saemangeum reservoir and it needs to be considered in plans of water quality management for Floodgate operation on Saemangeum reservoir.

The Influence Factors on the Compensation of Column Shortening in Tall Buildings (초고층 건물의 Column Shortening보정에 미치는 영향요소)

  • Mun, Il-Won;Choi, Ki-Bong
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.208-215
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    • 2018
  • The causes of column shrinkage and the codes that have been studied up to now are discussed. The documents mentioned in the code deal with the drying shrinkage, creep, compressive strength and elastic modulus of the specimen, and the elastic deformation calculated from the structural analysis. However, the deformation due to the temperature caused by the long term monitoring is less than that caused by the factors generated by the previous studies. In the previous studies, it was found that dehydration shrinkage, creep, and elastic deformation were not considered for temperature-induced deformation, while for the specimen experiments, the temperature-related items were replaced with the humidity-related terms The compensation value by the proposed equation showed error of 4.9 mm in the upper direction and 1.0mm in the lower direction when calculating column shortening, and it was found that its value by the proposed equation almost coincided with the measurement value in Site. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the temperature that can be omitted in calculating the existing column shortening, to consider the influence factors, and to supplement the criteria for the temperature measurement of the structure as well as the specimen tests.

Monte Carlo Calculation of the Dose Profiles for a 6 MeV Electron Beam with Longitudinal Magnetic Fields (세로 자기장에서 6 MeV 전자선의 선량분포에 관한 몬데칼로 계산)

  • 오영기;정동혁;신교철;김기환;김정기;김진기;김부길;이정옥;문성록
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.195-201
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    • 2002
  • Several investigators have presented the effects of external magnetic fields on the dose distributions for clinical electron and photon beams. We focus the low energy electron beam with more lateral scatter In this study we calculated the beam profiles for an clinical electron beam of 6 MeV with longitudinal magnetic fields of 0.5 T-3.0 T using a Monte Carlo code. The principle of dose enhancements in the penumbra region is to deflect the laterally scattered electrons from its initial direction by the skewness of the laterally scattered electrons along the direction of magnetic field lines due to Lorentz force under longitudinal magnetic field. To discuss the dose enhancement effect on the penumbra area from the calculated results, we introduced the simple term of penumbra reduction ratio (PRR), which is defined as the percentage difference between the penumbra with and without magnetic field at the same depth. We found that the average PRR are 33%, and 49% over the depths of 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, and 2.4 cm for the magnetic fields of 2.0 T and 3.0 T respectively. For the case of 0.5 T and 1.0 T the effects of magnetic filed were not observed significantly. In order to obtain the dose enhancement effects by the external magnetic field, we think that its strength should be more than 2 T approximately. We expect that the PRR would be saturated to 50-60% with magnetic fields of 3 T-5 T As a result of these calculations we found that the penumbra widths can be reduced with increased magnetic fields. This Penumbra reduction is explained as a result of electron lateral spread outside the geometrical edges of the beam in a longitudinal magnetic field. This means that the electron therapy benefits from the external magnetic fields.

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Software development for the visualization of brain fiber tract by using 24-bit color coding in diffusion tensor image

  • Oh, Jung-Su;Song, In-Chan;Ik hwan Cho;Kim, Jong-Hyo;Chang, Kee-Hyun;Park, Kwang-Suk
    • Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.133-133
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: The purpose of paper is to implement software to visualize brain fiber tract using a 24-bit color coding scheme and to test its feasibility. Materials and Methods: MR imaging was performed on GE 1.5 T Signa scanner. For diffusion tensor image, we used a single shot spin-echo EPI sequence with 7 non-colinear pulsed-field gradient directions: (x, y, z):(1,1,0),(-1,1,0),(1,0,1),(-1,0,1),(0,1,1),(0,1,-1) and without diffusion gradient. B-factor was 500 sec/$\textrm{mm}^2$. Acquisition parameters are as follows: TUTE=10000ms/99ms, FOV=240mm, matrix=128${\times}$128, slice thickness/gap=6mm/0mm, total slice number=30. Subjects consisted of 10 normal young volunteers (age:21∼26 yrs, 5 men, 5 women). All DTI images were smoothed with Gaussian kernel with the FWHM of 2 pixels. Color coding schemes for visualization of directional information was as follows. HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value) color system is appropriate for assigning RGB(Red, Green, and Blue) value for every different directions because of its volumetric directional expression. Each of HSV are assigned due to (r,$\theta$,${\Phi}$) in spherical coordinate. HSV calculated by this way can be transformed into RGB color system by general HSV to RGB conversion formula. Symmetry schemes: It is natural to code the antipodal direction to be same color(antipodal symmetry). So even with no symmetry scheme, the antipodal symmetry must be included. With no symmetry scheme, we can assign every different colors for every different orientation.(H =${\Phi}$, S=2$\theta$/$\pi$, V=λw, where λw is anisotropy). But that may assign very discontinuous color even between adjacent yokels. On the other hand, Full symmetry or absolute value scheme includes symmetry for 180$^{\circ}$ rotation about xy-plane of color coordinate (rotational symmetry) and for both hemisphere (mirror symmetry). In absolute value scheme, each of RGB value can be expressed as follows. R=λw|Vx|, G=λw|Vy|, B=λw|Vz|, where (Vx, Vy, Vz) is eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of diffusion tensor. With applying full symmetry or absolute value scheme, we can get more continuous color coding at the expense of coding same color for symmetric direction. For better visualization of fiber tract directions, Gamma and brightness correction had done. All of these implementations were done on the IDL 5.4 platform.

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A Study on the Signal Control Unit's Reconstitution to Control the Separated Through/Left(or Right) Turn and the Median Bus Lane Signal for the Standard Traffic Signal Controller (표준규격 교통신호제어기에서 교통류별 전용신호 구현방안 연구)

  • Han, Won-Sub;Lee, Ho-Won;Hyun, Cheol-Seung;Joo, Doo-Hwan;Lee, Choul-Ki
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.57-70
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    • 2009
  • According to the change of the traffic conditions, the requirement of controlling the separated left(or right) turn, the median bus lane and bicycle signal is increasing. However, the traffic signal controller standard based on the four-set lights restricts to control the three-set lights which control the separated direction and kind of traffics. This study suggests the method to control the three-set lights signal by improving the hardware and software for the traffic signal controller which is operated currently in the traffic scene. The 6 output ports of Load Signal Unit(LSU) which is consisted of Pedestrian Red, Pedestrian Green, Red, Yellow, Arrow and Green signal reconstitute 2 rows of the Red, Yellow, Green for three-set lights while the Signal Map data's code values which control the signal step of an individual Ring and LSU are established to adjust the LSU's output ports(R1 Y1 G1 R2 Y2 G2) of the three-set lights. The effect of using the separated through/left turn and the median lane bus signal of three-set lights is analyzed from a Mangwoo intersection in Seoul. The results of analysis show that the delay time of the east-west direction where the median bus lane is operated is especially improved with over 70 sec/veh.

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Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Wave-Current Interactions Due to Permeable Submerged Breakwaters by Using olaFLOW (olaFLOW를 활용한 투과성잠제에 의한 3차원적 파-흐름의 수치시뮬레이션)

  • Lee, Kwang-Ho;Bae, Ju-Hyun;An, Sung-Wook;Kim, Do-Sam
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.166-179
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    • 2018
  • This study aims at numerically investigating the water-surface characteristics such as wave height distribution depending on the current direction around the three-dimensional permeable submerged breakwaters in wave-current coexisting field which has not been considered in detail so far. In addition, the characteristics of the velocity field including the average flow velocity, longshore current and turbulent kinetic energy, which act as the main external forces of formation of salient, are also examined. For numerical analysis, olaFlow which is open source code of CFD was used and the numerical tests included different types of target waves, both regular waves and irregular waves. Numerical results indicated that wave height variation with wave following or opposing a current behind the submerged breakwater is closely related to turbulent kinetic energy. Furthermore, it was found that weaker longshore currents are formed under wave-current coexisting field compared to the non-current conditions, and transport flow is attenuated. As a result, it was possible to understand the influence of current existence and direction (following and opposing) on the formation of the salient formed behind the submerged breakwaters.

Research in the Direction of Improvement of the Web Site Utilizing Google Analytics (구글 애널리틱스를 활용한 웹 사이트의 개선방안 연구 : 앱팩토리를 대상으로)

  • Kim, Donglim;Lim, Younghwan
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.36
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    • pp.553-572
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, for the evaluation of the ease of a particular Web site (www.appbelt.net), insert the log tracking code for Google Analytics in a page of the Web site to collect behavioral data of visitor and has studied the improvement measures for the problems of the Web site, after the evaluation of the overall quality of the Web site through the evaluation of Coolcheck. These findings set the target value of the company's priority (importance) companies want to influence the direction of the business judgment are set up correctly, and the user's needs and behavior will be appropriate for the service seems to help improvement.

VLSI Array Architecture for High Speed Fractal Image Compression (고속 프랙탈 영상압축을 위한 VLSI 어레이 구조)

  • 성길영;이수진;우종호
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.25 no.4B
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    • pp.708-714
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, an one-dimensional VLSI array for high speed processing of fractal image compression algorithm based the quad-tree partitioning method is proposed. First of all, the single assignment code algorithm is derived from the sequential Fisher's algorithm, and then the data dependence graph(DG) is obtained. The two-dimension array is designed by projecting this DG along the optimal direction and the one-dimensional VLSI array is designed by transforming the obtained two-dimensional array. The number of Input/Output pins in the designed one-dimensional array can be reduced and the architecture of process elements(PEs) can he simplified by sharing the input pins of range and domain blocks and internal arithmetic units of PEs. Also, the utilization of PEs can be increased by reusing PEs for operations to the each block-size. For fractal image compression of 512X512gray-scale image, the proposed array can be processed fastly about 67 times more than sequential algorithm. The operations of the proposed one-dimensional VLSI array are verified by the computer simulation.

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