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http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2007.11.2.358

Comparison Study of Beam Pattern for FDD downlink CDMA Signals  

Kim, Sang-Choon (동아대학교 전자공학과)
Son, Kyung-Soo (동아대학교 전자공학과)
Ha, Joo-Young (동아대학교 전자공학과)
Lee, Sung-Mok (동아대학교 전자공학과)
Jang, Won-Woo (동아대학교 전자공학과)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering / v.11, no.2, 2007 , pp. 358-365 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of transmit beamforming on downlink performance in DS-CDMA communication systems are investigated. The uplink and downlink in FDD systems use different carrier frequencies. If the downlink uses the same weighting vectors as the uplink, the antenna beam for downlink is formed with certain DOA shift and it thus affects the beamforming gain. So, the impacts of different frequencies on the downlink beam patterns are studied. One possible algorithm to convert uplink beamforming weights to downlink, which is called frequency-calibrated processing, is also evaluated to reduce the degradation of downlink performance due to different frequencies. Under frequency selective channels, the downlink chooses a PUPW beamforming scheme when the uplink employs a PPPW vectors. To form a beam pattern for a PUPW after combining the downlink PPPWs converted from the uplink PPPWs, three approaches are studied. One method is to consider only one dominant path and thus obtain a single main-beam. In the others, multiple-beams weighted with the magnitudes of all paths and equally weighted with all paths are constructed.
Keywords
direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA); beamforming techniques; frequency division duplex (FDD); frequency calibration;
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