• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to introduce the concepts of experiential learning and the Kolb's model, and to review some applications of experiential learning theory in graduate medical education. The published literature on GME and education for general practitioners applying the experiential theory and the Kolb's model was reviewed. Experience learning defined the cyclical learning process which emphasizes the learners' reflective thinking of the learners' concrete experiences and their active participation in continuous learning actives. Kolb includes this 'cycle of learning' as a central principle in his experiential learning theory. This is typically expressed as a four-stage cycle of learning. Kolb's cycle moves through concrete experience(CE), reflective observation(RO), abstract conceptualization(AC) and active experimentation(AE). Components of continuing education of the adult learner were based on autonomy, context of learning, and competence and performance as educational objectives. Some strategies for graduate medical education were reflective thinking, self-directed learning, morning reporting and feedback with peer review, etc. Opportunities for learning from experience in practical life can be made to enhance reflective thinking and performance of practitioners. Strategies to develop reflective practice among physicians should be explored by further research.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2014

Mammalian polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been studied intensively as a key regulator of various cell cycle events that are critical for proper M-phase progression. The polobox domain (PBD) present in Plk1's C-terminal noncatalytic region has been shown to play a central role in targeting the N-terminal kinase domain of Plk1 to specific subcellular locations. Subsequent studies reveal that PBD binds to a phosphorylated motif generated by one of the two mechanisms - self-priming by Plk1 itself or non-self-priming by a Pro-directed kinase, such as Cdc2. Here, we comparatively review the differences in the biochemical steps of these mechanisms and discuss their physiological significance. Considering the diverse functions of Plk1 during the cell cycle, a better understanding of how the catalytic activity of Plk1 functions in concert with its cisacting PBD and how this coordinated process is intricately regulated to promote Plk1 functions will be important for providing new insights into different mechanisms underlying various Plk1-mediated biological events that occur at the multiple stages of the cell cycle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.449-454
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• 2008

Finding an energy efficient route is one of the very important issues in the wireless sensor networks. The route scheme should consider both of the energy level of sensor nodes and the number of hops at the same time. First of all, this paper proposes an optimum routes finding scheme (ORFS), which could be used in the sensor network routing protocols. The scheme uses an optimum value for the path with the considerations of both the minimum energy level of a path and the number of hops at the same time. After that, this paper proposes a routing protocol based on the ORFS for how it could be used for the multipath directed diffusion with data aggregation (MDD-A), to get the better energy efficiency. The analysis result shows that the proposed routing protocol could lengthen the network life cycle about 18.7% compared to the previous MDD-A related protocols.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.499-506
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• 2010

Recently, a great deal of attention have been directed to the use of alternative fuels as a means to reduce vehicular emissions. As one of the promising alternative fuels, bio-diesel has advantages of a wide adaptability without retrofit of diesel engine. It is also effective enough to reduce CO, THC, $SO_x$, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PM. In this study, we investigated the emission characteristics of biofuels between different operating conditions, i.e., engine speed (1,400 rpm and 2,300 rpm), engine load (10% and 100%), bio-diesel blending (BD0, BD5 and BD20), and recirculation (EGR) rate of exhaust gas (0% and 20%). Relative performance of the system was evaluated mainly for the greenhouse gases ($CH_4$, $N_2O$ and $CO_2$). In addition, emission characteristics of ND-13 mode were also tested against both greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants under emission regulation. The relative composition of bio-diesel has shown fairly clear effects on the emission quantities of CO, THC, and PM emission, although it was not on $NO_x$ and greenhouse gases. EGR rate has shown trade-off characteristics between $NO_x$ and PM.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

As a preliminary approach to developing a bedside teaching program, this study analyzed the instructional models that have been suggested for bedside teaching. The objects of analysis were four models: the 'Cox model,' which is composed of an experience cycle and an explanation cycle; the 'best teaching practice model' by Janicik and Fletcher; the 'twelve tips to improve bedside teaching' by Ramani; and the SNNAPS model for outpatient education by Wolpaw, Wolpaw, and Papp. This study was conducted in three steps. First, we identified the major components of each model and analyzed their characteristics and limitations. Second, we compared each model in terms of four aspects: the learner, learning interaction, learning context, and organization management. Third, on the basis of prior analysis, the possibilities and potential problems of the models were explored. Based on this review of the existing instructional design models, we proposed an additional four key elements for designing a bedside teaching program: multi-layered learners, various learning environments and contexts, time management by using media, and self-directed design.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.355-368
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• 2005

Large and complex structures are being built now-a-days and, they are required to be functional even under extreme loading and environmental conditions. In order to meet the safety and maintenance demands, there is a need to build sensors integrated structural system, which can sense and provide necessary information about the structural response to complex loading and environment. Sophisticated tools have been developed for the design and construction of civil engineering structures. However, very little has been accomplished in the area of monitoring and rehabilitation. The employment of appropriate sensor is therefore crucial, and efforts must be directed towards non-destructive testing techniques that remain functional throughout the life of the structure. Fiber optic sensors are emerging as a superior non-destructive tool for evaluating the health of civil engineering structures. Flexibility, small in size and corrosion resistance of optical fibers allow them to be directly embedded in concrete structures. The inherent advantages of fiber optic sensors over conventional sensors include high resolution, ability to work in difficult environment, immunity from electromagnetic interference, large band width of signal, low noise and high sensitivity. This paper brings out the potential and current status of technology of fiber optic sensors for civil engineering applications. The importance of employing fiber optic sensors for health monitoring of civil engineering structures has been highlighted. Details of laboratory studies carried out on fiber optic strain sensors to assess their suitability for civil engineering applications are also covered.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 2022

This study developed an 'Eco-friendly Clothing Life Cycle' class applying gamification. And the effect of and learners' satisfaction on the class were examined after implementation. The developed class was applied to 40 sophomore students from "A" high school in Gyeonggi-do from February 3, 2022, to February 10, 2022, in a total of 4 sessions. The class was conducted in the stages of production-distribution-consumption-disposal, and was conducted in a way that a mission is solved after learning in Gather Town. It is designed so that learners continuously repeat learning until they accomplish the mission. The learners completed pre-class and post-class questionnaires. And a focus group interview was conducted with a randomly selected group of three learners. According to the pre-/post-class test comparison, the gamification class on the theme of "Eco-friendly Clothing Life Cycle" was found not to have a significant effect on learners' immersion or self-directed learning attitudes. However, in the case of the learners with high levels of non-immersion tendency, the level of immersion in the class increased, and the satisfaction level was positively associated with the level of immersion and self-directed attitude. Learners expressed 'concern' and 'expectation' about the gamification class, and said that although the developed class was using a 'new teaching method', 'appropriate use' was necessary. And learners were evaluated this class as a 'student-centered class' and acknowledged that it allowed 'self-directed learning'. The teacher who implemented the class said that this class was more effective in attracting students' expectations and interests compared to the conventional classes, and that the class in the meta-verse environment was perceived as a new type of class in the non-face-to-face era. The teacher also mentioned that when applied to the actual educational field, a detailed design is needed that allows the learners to proceed smoothly, and the role of the teacher in the class was more important. And the teacher also mentioned that the class should be properly designed so that the expectations given by the 'game' do not obscure the essence of the class.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

This paper suggests an algorithm that obtains Directed Graph Minimum Spanning Tree (DMST), using Prim MST algorithm which is Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of undirected graph. At first, I suggested the Prim DMST algorithm that chooses Minimum Weight Arc(MWA) from out-going nodes from each node, considering differences between undirected graph and directed graph. Next, I proved a disadvantage of Prim DMST algorithm and Chu-Liu/Edmonds DMST (typical representative DMST) of not being able to find DMST, applying them to 3 real graphs. Last, as an algorithm that can always find DMST, an advanced Prim DMST is suggested. The Prim DMST algorithm uses a method of choosing MWA among out-going arcs of each node. On the other hand, the advanced Prim DMST algorithm uses a method of choosing a coinciding arc from the out-going and in-going arcs of each node. And if there is no coinciding arc, it chooses MWA from the out-going arcs from each node. Applying the suggested algorithm to 17 different graphs, it succeeded in finding the same DMST as that found by Chu-Liu/Edmonds DMST algorithm. Also, it does not require such a complicated calculation as that of Chu-Liu/Edmonds DMST algorithm to delete the cycle, and it takes less time for process than Prim DMST algorithm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1503-1510
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• 2014

Breast cancer bone metastasis causing severe morbidity is commonly encountered in daily clinical practice. It causes pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord and other nerve compression syndromes and life threatening hypercalcemia. Breast cancer metastasizes to bone through complicated steps in which numerous molecules play roles. Metastatic cells disrupt normal bone turnover and create a vicious cycle to which treatment efforts should be directed. Bisphosphonates have been used safely for more than two decades. As a group they delay time to first skeletal related event and reduce pain, but do not prevent development of bone metastasis in patients with no bone metastasis, and also do not prolong survival. The receptor activator for nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand inhibitor denosumab delays time to first skeletal related event and reduces the skeletal morbidity rate. Radionuclides are another treatment option for bone pain. New targeted therapies and radionuclides are still under investigation. In this review we will focus on mechanisms of bone metastasis and its medical treatment in breast cancer patients.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2011

As more individuals and organizations participate in the complex design process of manufacturing industry, collaborative product development and management of the global supply chain have become more popular. Although the product quality concerns once focused on the manufacturing process, they are now directed at earlier stages of the design cycle where the engineering product is created as a 3D CAD model. In this paper, we describe the current state of product data quality activities in the manufacturing industry and the yardstick to measure 3D CAD data quality. Moreover we introduce a quality assurance method through the result of statistical analysis of 3D CAD models and suggest a six sigma level of CAD data quality by analyzing 76 samples provided from three Korean automotive companies.