• 제목/요약/키워드: direct coupling

검색결과 247건 처리시간 0.026초

Power Enhance Effect on the Hybrid Cell Based on Direct Current Nanogenerator and an Organic Photovoltaic Device

  • 윤규철;신경식;이근영;이주혁;김상우
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.298-298
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    • 2013
  • Finding renewable and clean energy resources is essential research to solve global warming and depletion of fossil fuels in modern society. Recently, complex harvesting of energy from multiple sources is available in our living environments using a single device has become highly desirable, representing a new trend in energy technologies. We report that when simultaneously driving the fusion and composite cells of two or more types, it is possible to make an affect the other cells to obtain a greater synergistic effect. To understand the coupling effect of photovoltaic and piezoelectric device, we fabricate the serially integrated hybrid cell (s-HC) based on organic solar cell (OSC) and piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG). The size of increased voltage peaks when OSC and PNG are working on is larger than the case when only PNG is working. This voltage difference is the Voc change of OSC, not the voltage change of PNG and current density difference between these two cases is manifested more clearly. When the OSC and PNG are working in s-HC at the same time, piezoelectric potential (VPNG) is generated in ZnO and theoretical total voltage is sum of voltage of an OSC (VOSC) and VPNG. However, electrons from OSC are influenced by piezoelectric potential in ZnO and current loss of OSC in whole circuit decreases. As a result, VOSC increases temporarily. Current shows the similar behavior. PNG acts a resistance in the whole circuit and current loss occurs when the electrons from OSC pass through the PNG. But piezoelectric potential recover current loss and decrease the resistance of PNG. Our PNG can maintain piezoelectric potential when the strain is held owing to the LDH layer while general PNG cannot maintain piezoelectric potential. During the section that strain is held, voltage enhancement effect is maintained and same effect appeared even turn off the light. Actually at this time, electrons in ZnO nanosheets move to LDH and trapped by the positive charges in this layer. After this strain is held, piezoelectric potential of ZnO nanosheets is disappeared but potential difference which is developed by negative charge dominant LDH layer is remained. This potential acts similar role like piezoelectric potential in ZnO. Electrons from the OSC also are influenced by this potential and the more current flows.

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The Up-Regulation of miR-199b-5p in Erythroid Differentiation Is Associated with GATA-1 and NF-E2

  • Li, Yuxia;Bai, Hua;Zhang, Zhongzu;li, Weihua;Dong, Lei;Wei, Xueju;Ma, Yanni;Zhang, Junwu;Yu, Jia;Sun, Guotao;Wang, Fang
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.213-219
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    • 2014
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs that play important roles in normal hematopoiesis, including erythropoiesis. Although studies have identified several miRNAs that regulate erythroid commitment and differentiation, we do not understand the mechanism by which the crucial erythroid transcription factors, GATA-1and NF-E2 directly regulate and control differentiation via miRNA pathways. In this study, we identified miR-199b-5p as a key regulator of human erythropoiesis, and its expression was up-regulated during the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Furthermore, the increase of miR-199b-5p in erythroid cells occurred in a GATA-1- and NF-E2-dependent manner during erythrocyte maturation. Both GATA-1 and NF-E2 bound upstream of the miR-199b gene locus and activated its transcription. Forced expression of miRNA-199b-5p in K562 cells affected erythroid cell proliferation and maturation. Moreover, we identified c-Kit as a direct target of miR-199b-5p in erythroid cells. Taken together, our results establish a functional link among the erythroid transcription factors GATA-1/NF-E2, miR-199b-5p and c-Kit, and provide new insights into the coupling of transcription and post-transcription regulation in erythroid differentiation.

Evaluation of 99mTc-MAG3-2-nitroimidazole for hypoxic tumor imaging

  • Lee, Yun-Sang;Kim, Young Joo;Jeong, Jae Min
    • 대한방사성의약품학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 2019
  • 2-Nitroimidazole derivatives have been reported to accumulate in hypoxic tissue. We prepared a novel $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole and evaluated the feasibility for hypoxia imaging agent. $Bz-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole was synthesized by direct coupling of $Bz-MAG_3$ and 2-nitroimidazole using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. $Bz-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole was labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ in the presence of tartaric acid and $SnCl_2-2H_2O$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. And the reaction mixture was purified by $C_{18}$ Sep-pak cartridge. The labeling efficiency and the radiochemical purity were checked by ITLC-SG/acetonitrile. The tumor was grown in balb/c mice for 8~13 days after the subcutaneous injection of tumor cells, CT-26 (murine colon adenocarcinoma cell). Biodistribution study and tumor autoradiography were performed in the xenografted mice after i.v injection of 74 kBq/0.1 mL and 19 MBq/0.1 mL of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole, respectively. In vivo images of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole in tumor bearing mice were obtained 1.5 hr post injection. The labeling efficiency was $45{\pm}20%$ and the radiochemical purity after purification was over 95%. Paper electrophoresis confirmed negative charge of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole. $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole was very stable at room temperature and its protein binding was 53%. The $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole exhibited high uptake in the liver, stomach and intestine. In biodistribution study using tumor bearing mice, the uptakes (% ID/g) of the tumor were $0.5{\pm}0.1$, $0.4{\pm}0.0$, $0.2{\pm}0.1$ and $0.1{\pm}0.1$ at 5, 15, 30 min and 4 hrs. Tumor/muscle ratio were $1.4{\pm}0.1$, $2.2{\pm}0.83$, $3.0{\pm}0.9$, and 3.7 (n=2) for 5, 15, 30 min and 4 hrs. The uptake in hypoxic area was found higher than in non-hypoxic area of tumor tissue by autoradiography. In vivo images showed the relatively faint uptake to the hypoxic tumor region. $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$-2-nitroimidazole was successfully synthesized and found feasible for imaging hypoxia.

로젠형 압전변압기를 적용한 의료융합 플라즈마기기 (Applying Rosen-type PZT plasma generation device for medical applications)

  • 이강연;정병균;박정숙;박주훈;정병호
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2021
  • 이온화된 기체인 플라즈마의 의료분야에서 적용은 현재 주로 살균분야에 국한되어 적용되고 있지만 바이오플라즈마기술의 등장으로 그 응용범위가 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 또한, 인체에 직접 조사하거나 비열처리하는 경우에는 정교한 시술을 위해 핸드헬드가 가능한 고밀도 소형화가 요구된다. 변압기로 인한 전자기파 영향이 없고 소형으로 구현이 가능한 형태의 로젠형 압전변압기는 압전효과를 이용한 전기-기계 커플링을 통해 전압변환을 달성하며 상대적으로 에너지밀도를 높일 수 있는 장점으로 휴대용 플라즈마 발생장치에 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 로젠형 압전변압기의 등가회로를 이용한 모델링을 수행하고, 의료용으로 적용가능한 형태의 플라즈마 발생장치를 설계 및 제작하였다. 이를 위해 플라즈마 발생 모듈은 12V 입력전원으로 5.8kV의 출력전압을 발생시키도록 하프브리지 커버터 토폴로지 전력변환장치를 적용하여 고전압 동작하도록 설계하였다. 설계를 통해 제작된 프로토타입을 통해 의료용합형 플라즈마 기기로의 활용가능성에 대해 확인하였고, 이러한 연구결과를 통해 플라즈마 제트 또는 직접조사용 등의 다양한 의료기기로서의 역할을 확보할 것으로 사료된다.

$ZnIn_2Se_4$$ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정의 광학적 특성 (Optical properties of $ZnIn_2Se$ and $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co single crystals)

  • 최성휴;방태환;박복남
    • 한국진공학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.129-135
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    • 1997
  • $ZnIn_2Se_4$$ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정을 합성된 ingot를 사용하여 수직 Bridgman 방법으 로 성장시키고, 성장된 단결정의 결정구조와 광학적 특성을 연구하였다. 성장된 단결정은 공 간군이 142m인 사방정계구조를 가지고 있다. 기초 흡수단 영역에서의 광흡수 spectra측정으 로부터 이 단결정들은 간접전이형 에너지띠 구조를 갖고 있으며, 이 화합물 반도체의 직접 전이형 및 간접전이형 에너지 간격은 10K에서 300K로 측정 온도를 변화시킬 때 감소하였 다. 직접전이 energy gap의 온도계수는 $ZnIn_2Se_4$ 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=3.57\times10^{-4}$eV/K, $\beta$ =519K이고, $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=2.79\times10^{-4}$eV/K 및 $\beta$=421K로 각각 주어졌다. 또한 간접전이 energy gap의 온도계수는 ZnIn2Se4 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=2.31\times10^{-4}$eV/K 및 $\beta$=285K이며, $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=3.71\times10^{-4}$eV:K와 $\beta$=609K이였다. $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정에서 cobalt 불순물에 기인한 6개의 불순물 광흡수 peak가 나타났다. 이 들 불순물 광흡수 peak들은 불순물로 첨가된 cobalt가 모체별정의 $T_d$ symmetry site에 $CO^{2+}$ion으로 위치하고, $CO^{2+}$ion의 분리된 전자에너지 준위들 사이의 전자전이에 의해 나타난 peak들로 해석된다.

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PEO-$SO_3$를 이용한 항석회화 조직첨포의 개발(II) -동맥과 복막 이식 실험연구- (Development of Calcification-resistant Bovine Pericardium with PEO-$SO_3(II)$ -An implantation study of bovine pericardium at artery and peritoneum-)

  • 김형묵;백만종;김광택;이인성;김학제;이원규;박기동
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.1023-1030
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    • 1998
  • 연구배경 : 인체내 이식된 생체조직들은 석회화 변성으로 인해 그 내구성이 단축된다. 이러한 조직들을 이식하기전에 글루타르알데하이드(GA)로 고정후 sulphonated polyethyleneoxide(PEO-SO3)를 결합시키고 또한 조직내 의 잔유 알데히드기를 제거함으로써 석회화에 대한 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있다 재료 및 방법 : PEO-SO3 처리법과 잔유 알데히드기 제거의 석회화 방지 효과를 알아보기 위하여 GA 고정 후 PEO-SO3로 처리한 소 심낭 첨포를 잔유 알데히드기 제거를 위해 무균 생리식염수에 보존한 saline 군과 0.65% GA 용액 에 보존한 GA군, 그리고 이미 상품화되어 임상에서 사용되고 있는 product군을 8마리 개의 경동맥과 대퇴동 맥 및 복막에 이식하여 6주 후 적출하여 칼슘량 및 병리조직 소견에 대해 알아보았다. 결과 : 경동맥에서 채취한 조직첨포의 칼슘량은 saline군에서 GA군과 product군에 비해 유의하게 적었다 (saline; 2.89$\pm$0.31 vs. GA; 6.14$\pm$1.08 vs. product; 22.82$\pm$5.00 mg/g; p< .05). 대퇴동맥과 복막 이식 첨포에서의 칼슘량 또한 saline군에서 다른 두 군에 비해 가장 적었으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 한편 병리조직 검사에서는 GA군에서 다른 두 군에 비해 조직의 석회화로 인한 변성 파괴가 심하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 소 심낭 조직 첨포와 결합한 PEO-SO3는 석회화를 감소시키고 또한 조직내 잔유 알데히드기 를 생리식염수로 세척하여 제거함으로써 항석회화 효과를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 결론적으로 PEO-SO3로 처리한 소 심낭 조직은 석회화 변성에 대한 강한 저항성을 보임으로써 심혈관 첨포나 인공 조직 판막 개발 에 도움를 줄 수 있을 것이다.

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가정간호사업 운용을 위한 정보전달체계 개발 I (가정간호 데이터베이스 구축과 뇌졸중 환자의 가정간호 전산개발) (Development of the Information Delivery System for the Home Nursing Service)

  • 박정호;김매자;홍경자;한경자;박성애;윤순녕;이인숙;조현;방경숙
    • 가정∙방문간호학회지
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.5-22
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of the study was to development an information delivery system for the home nursing service, to demonstrate and to evaluate the efficiency of it. The period of research conduct was from September 1996 to August 31, 1997. At the 1st stage to achieve the purpose, Firstly Assessment tool for the patients with cerebral vascular disease who have the first priority of HNS among the patients with various health problems at home was developed through literature review. Secondly, after identification of patient nursing problem by the home care nurse with the assessment tool, the patient's classification system developed by Park (1988) that was 128 nursing activities under 6 categories was used to identify the home care nurse's activities of the patient with CAV at home. The research team had several workshops with 5 clinical nurse experts to refine it. At last 110 nursing activities under 11 categories for the patients with CVA were derived. At the second stage, algorithms were developed to connect 110 nursing activities with the patient nursing problems identified by assessment tool. The computerizing process of the algorithms is as follows: These algorithms are realized with the computer program by use of the software engineering technique. The development is made by the prototyping method, which is the requirement analysis of the software specifications. The basic features of the usability, compatibility, adaptability and maintainability are taken into consideration. Particular emphasis is given to the efficient construction of the database. To enhance the database efficiency and to establish the structural cohesion, the data field is categorized with the weight of relevance to the particular disease. This approach permits the easy adaptability when numerous diseases are applied in the future. In paralleled with this, the expandability and maintainability is stressed through out the program development, which leads to the modular concept. However since the disease to be applied is increased in number as the project progress and since they are interrelated and coupled each other, the expand ability as well as maintainability should be considered with a big priority. Furthermore, since the system is to be synthesized with other medical systems in the future, these properties are very important. The prototype developed in this project is to be evaluated through the stage of system testing. There are various evaluation metrics such as cohesion, coupling and adaptability so on. But unfortunately, direct measurement of these metrics are very difficult, and accordingly, analytical and quantitative evaluations are almost impossible. Therefore, instead of the analytical evaluation, the experimental evaluation is to be applied through the test run by various users. This system testing will provide the viewpoint analysis of the user's level, and the detail and additional requirement specifications arising from user's real situation will be feedback into the system modeling. Also. the degree of freedom of the input and output will be improved, and the hardware limitation will be investigated. Upon the refining, the prototype system will be used as a design template. and will be used to develop the more extensive system. In detail. the relevant modules will be developed for the various diseases, and the module will be integrated by the macroscopic design process focusing on the inter modularity, generality of the database. and compatibility with other systems. The Home care Evaluation System is comprised of three main modules of : (1) General information on a patient, (2) General health status of a patient, and (3) Cerebrovascular disease patient. The general health status module has five sub modules of physical measurement, vitality, nursing, pharmaceutical description and emotional/cognition ability. The CVA patient module is divided into ten sub modules such as subjective sense, consciousness, memory and language pattern so on. The typical sub modules are described in appendix 3.

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