• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2004

Susceptibility of Curculio sikkimensis adults to 39 commercial insecticides were evaluated by body dipping method, Among them sixteen insecticides of chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, fiponil, phenthoate, benfuracarb, thiodicaib, carbosulfan, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, $\lambda$-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, clothianidin, acetamiprid+diflubenzuron, etofenpox+diazinon, esfenvalerate+fenitrothion and furathiocarb +diflubenzuron showed 100% mortality. Insecticides with over 80% residual effect at 1 day after treatment were phenthoate, benfuracarb and thiodicarb (95.0, 82.5, and 85.0%, respectively). However, after that, it was dropped rapidly. Other insecticides showed low residual effect. In the control efficacy test on C. sikkimensis, insecticides with over 90% control values at 1 day after treatment were phenthoate, thiodicarb, fipronil, acetamiprid+bifenthrin and furathiocarb+diflubenzuron. However, all insecticides from 2 days after treatment were over 90%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2006

Toxicities of 34 agricultural insecticides was tested against Monomorium pharaonis workers by diet dipping method. Ten insecticides among them, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, fenthion, fenitrothion, methidathion, pirimifos-methyl, and phenthoate showed 100% rapid mortality. $LC_{50}$ (ppm) values of selected insecticides were appeared on the order of pirimifos-methyl (0.33), chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.76), phenthoate (1.70), bifenthrin (1.78), dichlorvos (2.50), cypermethrin (9.92), chlorpyrifos (22.21), fenitrothion (36.58), fenthion (40.96), and methidathion (64.34). $LT_{50}$ (day) values by diet dipping method showed that dichlorvos, benfuracarb and cypermethrin acted more rapid than boric acid and hydramethylnon. The values of the former three were 0.25, 0.38 and 0.27 days, and those of the latter two were 3.4 and 2.6 days, respectively. In persistance effect tests, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenthion and methidathion showed over 90% insecticidal activity for 13 days.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.206-208
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• 2002

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are fluids used during machining and grinding to prolong the life of the tool , carry away debris, and protect the surfaces of work pieces. These fluids reduce friction between the cutting tool and the work surface, reduce wear and galling, Protect surface characteristics, reduce surface adhesion or welding and carry away generated heat. Workers can be exposed to MWFs by inhaling aerosols (mists) and by skin contact with the fluid. Skin contact occurs by dipping the hands into the fluid, splashes, or handling workpieces coated with the fluids. The amount of mist generated (and the result ins level of exposure) depends on many factors. To reduce the potential health risks associated with occupational exposures to MWFs, it is required to establish optimum MWFs supply method and condition with minimum Quantity in all over the mechanical machining field including high speed type heavy cult ing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.977-980
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• 2004

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are fluids used during machining and grinding to prolong the life of the tool, carry away debris, and protect the surfaces of work pieces. These fluids reduce friction between the cutting tool and the work surface, reduce wear and galling, protect surface characteristics, reduce surface adhesion or welding and carry away generated heat. Workers can be exposed to MWFs by inhaling aerosols (mists) and by skin contact with the fluid. Skin contact occurs by dipping the hands into the fluid, splashes, or handling workpieces coated with the fluids. The amount of mist generated (and the resulting level of exposure) depends on many factors. To reduce the environmental pollution wastes and the potential health risks associated with occupational exposures to MWFs, it is required to establish optimum MWFs supply method and condition with minimum quantity in all over the mechanical machining field including high-speed type heavy cutting process.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1796-1803
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• 2015

While considering the current scenario, in this world power demand goes on increases day by day. Frequent power outages occur in high voltage transmission line due to the deprived performance of polluted insulators; this affects overall operation of power system and may indirectly impinge on the growth of production sector. Many researchers are keenly taking efforts to provide highly reliable and stable power to neediest. In this paper, A.C pollution flashover performance of disc type glass insulator and composite long rod insulators investigation under various artificial pollutions by varying Equivalent Salt Density Deposition (ESDD) levels. Here, we use different types of pollution methods like binding method, dipping method and spraying methods with different types of pollutants concentration. Based on dimensional analysis, four different Mathematical models have been developed to predict the A.C pollution Flashover Voltage (FOV) of insulators. Both the experimental and mathematically modeled results are compared; it's observed that mathematical model 3 yields better results.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.511-516
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• 2002

$TiO_2-SnO_2$ thin films are fabricated using sol-gel method. In case the amount of water required hydrolysis smaller than that for stoichiometry, Ti sol forms clear sol which has normal chain structure. On the contrary, in case the amount of water required hydrolysis larger than that for stoichiometry, Ti sol forms suspended sol which has cluster structure. The thickness of thin films increase about $0.03{\sim}0.04{\mu}m$ every a dipping. The permittivity and dissipation factor of $TiO_2-SnO_2$ thin films decrease with increasing frequency. Thin films show semiconductive characteristics above $400^{\cric}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1803-1806
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• 2003

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are fluids used during machining and grinding to prolong the lift of the tool, carry away debris, and protect the surfaces of work pieces. These fluids reduce friction between the cutting tool and the work surface. reduce wear and galling, protect surface characteristics, reduce surface adhesion or welding and carry away generated heat. Workers can be exposed to MWFs by inhaling aerosols (mists) and by skin contact with the fluid. Skin contact occurs by dipping the hands into the fluid, splashes, or handling workpieces coated with the fluids. The amount of mist generated (and the resulting level of exposure) depends on many factors. To reduce the environmental pollution wastes and the potential health risks associated with occupational exposures to MWFs, it is required to establish optimum MWFs supply method and condition with minimum quantity in all over the mechanical machining field including high-speed type heavy cutting process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1131-1134
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• 2009

Preparation of graded materials displaying gradients of desired properties is one of the important issues and less-developed areas in materials chemistry. For the first time we demonstrate facile control of porosity and length in the pores of AAO template in lateral directions by controlled dipping method. To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method, laterally graded silica nanotubes are also prepared by using the laterally graded AAO templates. The method demonstrated here will open numerous possibilities for obtaining a variety of graded materials with lateral gradients of catalytic, electrochemical, mechanical and optical properties on the nanoscale.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2016

Root-dipping inoculation method has been used to investigate resistance of radish plants to Fusarium wilt. However, the method requires a lot of labor and time because of complicate procedure. This study was conducted to establish a simple and effective mass-screening method for resistant radish to Fusarium wilt. Radish seedlings of susceptible and resistant cultivars were used to investigate wounding method by scalpel, inoculum concentration, and pathogen-inoculated growth stage of seedlings. We established an efficient mass-screening method based on our results as following: Roots of 14-day-old seedlings of radish are cut with a scalpel at a $90^{\circ}$ angle to a 2 cm-depth at a 1 cm-distance from main stem and then inoculated by pouring with a 10 ml-aliquot of a fungal spore suspension ($1.0{\times}10^7conidia/ml$) on soil. The inoculated plants are cultivated in a growth room at $25^{\circ}C$ for about 4 weeks with 12-hour light a day. The proposed screening method enables to effectively select resistant from mass radish plants cultivars to Fusarium wilt.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.60-67
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• 1999

Insecticidal activities of imidacloprid to sucking type insect pests, brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and peen peach aphid (GPA Myzus persicae), to chewing type insect pests, tobacco cut worm (TCW; Spodoptera litura) and beet armyworm (BAW, Spodoptera exigua) and to spiders, Pirata subpiraticus, Pachygnata clercki and Ummeliata insecticeps, as natural enemies were investigated by several bioassay methods. $LD_{50}$ of the chemical by topical treatment to BPH was 0.015 ${\mu}g/g$(48 hrs), while $LC_{50}s$ by leaf dipping and root zone treatment were 18.1 and 21.5 ppm, respectively. There was no difference in insecticidal activities between leaf dipping and root zone treatment. Imidacloprid also showed ovicidal effect of root zone treatment and its $LC_{50}$ was 6.8ppm $LD_{50}$ (48 hrs after treatment) of imidacloprid to GPA was $0.4{\mu}g/g$ in case of topical application and $LC_{50}s$ by leaf dipping and root zone treatment were 1.9 ppm and 13.7 ppm respectively. Leaf dipping was more effective than root zone treatment in GPA At topical application $LD_{50}$ (48 hrs after treatment) of imidacloprid to chewing type insect pests, TCW and BAW, were greater than 1,492 and $312{\mu}g/g$ and $LC_{50}s$ by leaf dipping method were 4,803 and Heater than 5,000ppm respectively. This means that imidacloprid has much less effect on chewing type insect pests, TCW and BAW. $LD_{50}$(48 hrs after treatment) of imidacloprid to wandering spiders, Pirata subpiraticus, Pachygnata clercki at topical application were greater dan $2941{\mu}g/g$ and greater than $2,976{\mu}g/g$ respectively and that to webbing spider, Ummeliata insecticeps, was 357 ${\mu}g/g$. Imidacloprid showed very low toxicity to the spiders and its selective toxicity ratios between spiders and BPH were greater than 19,600, greater than 19,800 and 23,800, respectively.