• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2002

There may be some cases in which underwriters refuse to pay claims to the assured in case of his want of due diligence and actually, a lot of cases which an assured could not have been covered, existed through the history of marine hull insurance claims. Statistically, looking back the past marine accident cases in korea, the most parts of the accident are man-made disasters caused by want of due diligence. So, this study will focuss on this kind of marine losses and insurance clauses and other relevant rules containing due diligence such as due diligence of the assured in inchmaree clause, ITC-Hulls(1983), and due diligence of carrier in Hague-Visby Rule and so on. This study also shows what the disadvantages to marine enterprisers are, caused by want of due diligence and the advantages of doing due diligence are. In conclusion, this study contends that marine enterprisers should perform due diligence in dong their business for both financial stability and good management of their companies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.733-739
• /
• 2021

This study investigates the relationships of energy firm-level characteristics, namely; firm size, firm leverage, and firm performance with board diligence among companies listed in Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the periods ranging from 2012 to 2019. The final sample of this study consists of 32 firm-year observations. A quantitative approach was adopted to test 3 specific hypotheses developed for the board diligence model. Using the Pooled OLS regression, this study finds that firm size and firm performance are negatively associated with board diligence. The results of this study indicate an insignificant association of firm leverage with board diligence. Besides, firm performance is related negatively to board diligence. This indicates that the board of companies with poor performance increases the number of its meetings because of the increased pressure on the board to improve its oversight operations and address the severe performance challenges. The increased number of board meetings observe the daily management of the company, increase the chances for discussions concerning the performance challenges, and come up with solutions faster. The directors are also likely to encounter heightened pressure to appear more engaged during a company's financial distress since lenders require a meeting of the board or with the board.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.1845-1850
• /
• 2009

Generally, small and medium scale enterprises have conventionally been performing diligence and indolence management by hand, but many of them have been recently costing a lot of money for their diligence and indolence management and security maintenance. But yet, they have annoying sides due to the initial stage cost for the introduction of the system which is consisted of a terminal for reading a card, an RFID card, an administrative sewer and an application program for the diligence and indolence management as well as the insufficiency of the fixing skill being able to cope with the problems originating from hardware and software troubles. For this reasons, we developed a new diligence and indolence management system that the initial stage cost is moderate because it is needless to purchase a new server and to issue a new card, and the operation and management of the system is convenient because an RFID card reader communicates with a central administrative server in IDC(Internet Data Center) over internet for the diligence and indolence management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.344-347
• /
• 2014

A human resource/labor management is a management activity to achieve the goal of an employee. To do this, it is required to measure the time of diligence/indolence effectively. However, existing diligence/indolence systems have the problems which require high costs for building the systems and have many unnecessary functions for small business or self-employed business. In this paper, we design and implement the diligence/indolence system using a smart phone of an employee. To measure the data of the diligence/indolence, the implemented system exploits the MAC addresses of both a smart phone and a access point of WiFi.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1395-1400
• /
• 2014

Diligence/Indolence records are the key data for a human resource management and the basic data to measure the salaries of the employees. However, existing mechanical or electro-magnetic diligence/indolence management systems have the problems that the systems are often incorrect or require much cost to build them. In this paper, we design and implement the diligence/indolence management system using a smart device of an employee. To measure the data of the diligence/indolence, the implemented system acquires the location data of the employee using the MAC addresses of both a smart device and access points of the WiFi and transfers the data of punching-in/out based on the acquired location to a server. The benefit of the proposed system is that it is easy for small business to use the proposed D/I management system with low cost because the system exploits smart devices and WiFi access points installed previously.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2011

In recent diligence and indolence management systems, server and client are not separated and data are not convert into data base. Therefore these recent systems have several weaknesses such as data modification and management. In this paper, we propose a new Web-based Network Diligence and Indolence Management system (WNDIM) to solve the weakness and improve the system performance of recent system. The main features and contributions of the proposed system are as follows. First, server and client are separated, and all data are converted into data base, Second, with the construction of APM server the data modification and management are efficiently operated. Third, a political decision of the system is defined. Fourth, the system can efficiently support user-oriented services such as the collection of diligence and indolence data and the sum of off-duty days. From the implementation and performance evaluation of the proposed WNDIM, we can see the system can efficiently support the diligence and indolence management, currently we are using the proposed WNDIM system in the real filed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.59-81
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This study analyzes the scope of due diligence and risks of banks and K-Sure in trade finance covered by EFF focusing on Moneual case, one of the latest and biggest trade finance fraud cases in Korea. Also, we suggest anti-fraud measures in trade finance on the part of banks and K-Sure in order to give them a desirable way of due diligence and reasonable risk management of export insurance. Design/methodology - Based on Moneual case of trade finance fraud, this study employs the methodology of an extended literature review and analysis of court decisions. Findings - Seoul High Court of Korea failed to decide whether K-Sure was wholly obliged to pay the insurance against the banks' EFF claims, but issued a compulsory mediation order, judging that both the banks and K-Sure were responsible by 50:50. The court may have judged that both the parties had lacked their due diligence in the trade finance. It is quite difficult for trade finance providers to manually investigate whether the transaction is suspected of trade finance fraud, so digitalization of trade finance which can facilitate the prevention and detection of trade fraud needs to be realized quickly. Since there has been no international rule available for open account trade finance up till now, clearly stipulated EFF terms on the exporter's genuine export obligation might have protected K-Sure from the disaster. Originality/value - This study investigates the due diligence of the banks and K-Sure in Moneual case which few researchers have considered, to the best of our knowledge. This study also suggests several practical methods (including block chain) to prevent complicating trade finance fraud amid increasing use of an open account, and further offers reasonable risk management of EFF employing international factoring rule which is also related to problematic open account trade finance.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Korean housewives’attitudes and behaviors for diligence, frugality and economy. The data used in this study included 273 housewives living in Seoul. Statistical method used for data analysis were frequencies, percentile, means, standard deviations, factor analysis, and Pearson’s correlations. The research results can be summerized as follows. The findings of the analysis showed that three variables of attitudes and behaviors are still highly maintained. All of attitude variables have significant correlations with those of behaviors. Economy seems to be the most significant variable among those of three variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.145-156
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between mothers' and college women's as daughters consciousness and behaviors for diligence, frugality and economy and also analyze related variables such as socio-economic variables. The data used in this study included 273 college women and their mothers living in Seoul. The results of this research were as follows. 1) Three variables of consciousness and behaviors of mothers and their daughters are still highly maintained. There are significant differences between all of the consciousness and behavior variables except frugality between mothers and their daughters. 2) Mother's diligent consciousness is positively correlated with daughter's frugaliy behavior and economy consciousness. Mother's economy consciousness and behavior are positively correlated with daughter's frugality behavior. Only mother's frugality consciousness negatively correlated with daughter's frugality consciousness and economy behavior. 3) The mothers' consciousness and behaviors of frugality, and economy varies significantly according to the socio-economic variables such as mother's education, mother's job, income and social status. 4) The daughters' consciousness and behaviors of diligence, frugality, and economy varies significantly according to the amount of allowence.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.13
• /
• pp.469-492
• /
• 2000

"International Safety Management(ISM) Code" means the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention as adopted by the Assembly, as may be amended by the International Maritime Organization. This Code have brought into force internationally since 1th July, 1998 by incorporated to the new Chapter Ⅸ in the SOLAS Convention. Accordingly those States which give effect to the SOLAS Convention will have to ensure that rules giving effect to the Code are introduced into their domestic legislation. The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, by this to reduce the maritime casualty which could caused by neglect of person. To achieve this purpose the ISM Code specifies a number of broad 'safety management objectives' for owning or operation companies, and it requires that such companies should establish, implementing and maintain a written Safety Management System(SMS) covering a whole range of safety environmental and related matters. These requirements of the Code could effect on the carrier in some points such as duty of due diligence to care for cargo, due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy and burden of proof etc. In this respect, We should know that the ISM Code could effect on the carrier advantageously or disadvantageously subject to whether the carrier observed the requirement of the ISM Code. Although it does not add cause of liability or increase limitation of liability imposed to the carrier.