• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.479-489
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• 1994

정보신호계열을 초고속으로 전송하기 위한 디지틀 광전송 시스템이 대용량화, 경 제화됨에 따라, 효율적으로 순수 정보신호계열을 신뢰성있게 전송할 수 있는 초고속 광전송 시스템용 전송로 부호의 선택이 현시점에서 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지금 까지 제안된 2치 unipolar 전송로 부호들 중 고속(100Mb/s 이상의 전송속도) 광전송 시스템으로 적합한 전송로 부호들을 우선 선택하여, 선택한 전송로 부호들 간의 성능 평가를 전송로 부호의 요구조건들, 즉 최대 동부호 연속수, 전송지연시간, 클럭 상승률, 마크율, 회로규모, 전송로 에러 감시 및 전력 스펙트럼에 따라 상호 비교 분석 한 결과, mBIZ부호가 최적의 초고속 광전송 시스템용 전송로 부 호임을 밝혔다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1981

The author studied on the effects of x-irradiation to the development of digital malformation in gestation rats. The time-matings occured between 6 p.m. and 8 a.m. and females with copulation. plugs at 8 a.m. were isolated and properly marked for evidence of copulation. The lower abdomen of mothers were exposed to x-irradiation on the 11½th day of gestation, the critical period developing digital malformation, respectively 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 rads. At 18½th day of post-conception total 50 pregnant females were dissected and the incidence of digital malformations were obtained. Rat embryos on the 12, 13, 14, 15, 16th day of gestation irradiated by 250 rads were examined for morphogenesis of digital malformation. Digital radiating lines were examined in water and histologically by H-E stain. Supra vital stain samples by Nile-blue sulfate in 37℃ normal saline were prepared for the observation of cell necrosis regions and morphogenesis of digits. The results obtained were as follows; 1. By x-irradiation on 11th day of gestation, digital malformations of Ectrodactylia, Syndactylia Polydactylia and Hematodactylia were developed. Ectrodactylia showed the effective relationship to the amount of irradiation, however Syndactylia ans Polydactylia did not. 2. By x-irradiation, cell necrosis of digital germ was appeared markedly, but in 48 hours after irradiation was depressed to the periphery of digital germ and in 72hours after irradiation was disappeared. Digital radiating line showed marked stage of malformation in 48hours after irradiation and continued to show the same amount of physiological cell necrosis as the compared control group in 72hours. after irradiaion. But in the Syndactylia, physiological cell necrosis was not able to be recognized. 3. Ectrodactylia induced by x-irradiation was considered as the direct resoult of cell necrosis of digital origin, however, Polydactylia and Syndactylia were considered as the resoult of some effect in repair process of x-irradiation damages.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.195-214
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• 2017

표준화된 자연수 곱셈 알고리즘3)은 곱셈의 계산 과정을 간략화한 것으로, 올림이 있는 자연수 곱셈의 경우 올림하는 수를 피승수의 위에 작게 표기하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 올림하는 수 표기 방식은 승수가 한 자리 수인 경우에만 교과서에 제시되고 있어, 승수가 두 자리 수인 경우에는 교사와 학생들이 자기 나름의 표기 방식을 선택하도록 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 현행 교과서에서의 올림이 있는 자연수 곱셈의 알고리즘 접근 방법을 살펴보고, 3, 4, 5, 6학년 학생들의 올림이 있는 자연수 곱셈 알고리즘에서 나타나는 올림하는 수 표기 방식을 분석하였다. 또한, 핀란드 수학 교과서와 선행 연구에 나타난 올림이 있는 자연수 곱셈 알고리즘 지도 내용을 분석함으로써 자연수 곱셈 알고리즘의 제시 방법에 대한 시사점을 추출하였다. 그 결과로 다음과 같이 제안한다. 첫째, 교사용 지도서나 교과서에 올림하는 수를 표기하는 방법에 대한 예시가 필요하다. 둘째, 올림하는 수를 체계적으로 표기하는 것의 좋음을 학생이 인식하도록 지도되어야 한다. 셋째, 대안적인 자연수 곱셈 알고리즘과 올림하는 수 표기 방법에 대한 교사의 이해가 요구된다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.205-208
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 Zernike 모멘트와 backpropagation신경망을 이용한 온라인 필기체 숫자 인식 방법을 소개한다. 마우스로 통해 입력된 숫자 정보는 전처리를 통해 시간에 순서적이고, 연속적인 좌표 정보로 변환된다. 전처리된 입력 좌표는 Zernike 모멘트(moment)와 각도 특징(angulation feature)을 이용하여 각 숫자가 가지는 고유의 특징을 만들어 낸다. 이러한 특징은 크기, 모양, 틀어진 정도에 상관없이 항상 일정한 성질을 가진다. 제안된 방법으로 추출된 특징은 패턴 구분을 위해 back propagation 신경망의 입력으로 사용된다. 본 논문은 200개의 필기체 숫자 데이터베이스를 이용하여 실험을 한 결과, 제시된 방법은 적은 학습데이터만으로 학습이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 좋은 인식률을 보여준다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권12C호
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• pp.1739-1747
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 RSA 공개키 암호화 알고리즘을 위한 효율적인 Radix-4 시스톨릭 VLSI 아키텍쳐를 제안하였다. 모듈러 곱셈 알고리즘의 이터레이션 단순화와 효율적인 시스톨릭 매핑으로 제안된 구조는 n-비트 모듈러 멱승 연산을 n$^{2}$ 클럭 싸이클에 수행한다. 각 지수 처리 단계에서 두 개의 모듈러 곱셈, M$_{i}$와 P$_{i}$는 중첩되어 연산되며 따라서 제안된 하드웨어의 이용도(hardware utilization)는 100%이다. 또한 RSA 암호화를 위한 총 모듈러 곱셈의 횟수를 줄이기 위하여 지수를 Radix-4 SD(Signed Digit) 수체계를 이용하여 인코딩하였다. 이로 인하여 지수의 NZ(non-zero) 디지트가 약 20% 감소되어 성능이 향상되었다. 기존의 방법들과 비교하였을 때, 제안된 구조는 비교적 적은 하드웨어를 사용하여 우수한 성능을 보였으며 개선된 Montgomery 알고리즘을 바탕으로 한 제안된 구조는 지역성, 규칙성, 확장성 등으로 VLSI 구현에 적합하다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.795-800
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• 2010

Purpose: According to various medical publications, it is believed that epinephrine should not be injected in fingers. However numerous articles show the successful use of local anesthetic with epinephrine in the digits. Epinephrine-mixed lidocaine solution enables to maintain a bloodless field for operation and provides long duration of local anesthesia when patient was wide awake. Methods: From May 2009 to December 2009, ten patients underwent flexor tendon reconstruction with local anesthesia using epinephrine. No tourniquet was necessary. Before operation, all patients were injected with local anesthetics using 1% lidocaine 20 mL and 0.1% epinephrine 0.1 mL. Results: There was no case of digital necrosis nor gangrene in the epinephrine injection. All 10 patients actively could move the finger through a full range of motion. All procedures were performed without sedation nor tourniquet and we could obtain a good vision of operative field and patients were comfortable. The patient make his or her fingers move through a full range of active motion before the skin is closed. Phentolamine was not required to reverse the vasoconstriction in any patients. Conclusion: The assertation that epinephrine should not be injected into the fingers is clearly no longer valid. The epinephrine injection allowed the authors to adjust flexor tendon surgery without risks associated with general anesthesia. It also enables to ensure longer anesthetic duration and bloodless operative field, and prevent post operative complications. In case of flexor tendon surgery, the use of epinephrine injection is recommended because of the advantages of local anesthesia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2010

Purpose: Adhesion after flexor tendon injury is a result of fibrosis between tendon and tendon sheath. This, finally interfere with gliding mechanism of tendon and results in functional problem of hands. Therefore, there have been many trials to reduce adhesion around the tendon. However, there is no standard procedure clinically practiced in hospitals. Mitomycin-C is an antineoplastic alkylating agent that decrease fibroblast proliferation and scar formation. It is commonly used in many surgery to reduce postoperative adhesion. This study was designed to observe the effect of Mitomycin-C on preventing adhesion in injured flexor tendon. Methods: The deep flexor tendon of digit 2 and 4 in the left forepaw of 15 New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to partial tenotomy. In study group, injury site was exposed to a single 5-minute application of Mitomycin-C, and in control group was left untreated. Digit 2 and 4 in the right forepaw of each rabbit were considered as nonadhesion control group. After 2 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and digits were amputated for biomechanical test and histological study. Results: In biomechanical study to measure yield point, mean yield point of non-adhesion control was $17.43{\pm}2.33$ and $25.07{\pm}4.03$ for adhesion control, which proves increase of adhesion in adhesion control group (p<0.05) in 95% confidence. In Mitomycin-C group, mean yield point was $12.71{\pm}4.97$. Compared with adhesion control, there was decrease in adhesiveness in Mitomycin-C group (p<0.05) in 95% confidence. In histological study, the result of adhesion control revealed massive adhesions of bony structure, fibrotic tissue and tendon structure with ablation of the border. However in Mitomycin-C group, we could find increased fibrotic tissue, but adhesion is much lesser than adhesion group and borders between structures remain intact. Conclusion: This study suggests that Mitomycin-C can significantly reduce adhesion of injured flexor tendon in rabbit model.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2018

Background Amputation is commonly performed for toe necrosis secondary to peripheral vascular diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. When amputating a necrotic toe, preservation of the bony structure is important for preventing the collapse of adjacent digits into the amputated space. However, in the popular terminal Syme's amputation technique, partial amputation of the distal phalanx could cause increased tension on the wound margin. Herein, we introduce a new way to resect sufficient bony structure while maintaining the normal length, based on a morphological analysis of the toes. Methods Unlike the pulp of the finger in the distal phalanx, the toe has abundant teardrop-shaped pulp tissue. The ratio of the vertical length to the longitudinal length in the distal phalanx was compared between the toes and fingers. Amputation was performed at the proximal interphalangeal joint level. Then, a mobilizable pulp flap was rotated $90^{\circ}$ cephalad to replace the distal soft tissue defect. This modified toe fillet flap was performed in 5 patients. Results The toe pulp was found to have a vertically oriented morphology compared to that of the fingers, enabling length preservation through cephalad rotation. All defects were successfully covered without marginal ischemia. Conclusions While conventional toe fillet flap coverage focuses on the principle of length preservation as the first priority, our modified method takes both wound healing and length into account. The fattiest part of the pulp is advanced to the toe tip, providing a cushioning effect and enough length to substitute for phalangeal bone loss. Our modified method led to satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

• 정보과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 1983

In its global meaning language translation refers to the process whereby a program which is executable in one computer can be executed in another computer directly to obtain the same result. There are four different ways of approaching translation. The first way is translation by a Translator or a Compier, the second way is Interpretation, the third way is Simulation, the last way is Emulation. This paper introduces the M-C Translator which was designed as the first way of translation. The MUSS 80 language (the subsystem of the UNIVAC Solid State 80 S-4 assembly language system) was chosen as the source language which includes forty-three instructions, using the CYBER COMPASS as the object language. The M-C translator is a two pass translator and is a two pas translator and es written in Fortran Extended language. For this M-C Translation, seven COMPASS subroutines and a set of thirty-five macros were prepared. Each executable source instruction corresponds to a macro, so it will be a macro instruction within the object profram. Subroutines are used to retain and handle the source data representation the same way in the object program as in the source system, and are used to convert the decimal source data into the equivalent binary result into the equivalent USS-80digits before and after arithmetic operations. The source instructions can be classified into three categories. First, therd are some instructions which are meaningless in the object system and are therefore unnecessary to translate, and the remaining instructions should be translated. Second, There are some instructions are required to indicate dual address portions. Third, there are Three instructions which have overflow conditions, which are lacking in the remaining instructions. The construction and functions of the M-C Translator, are explained including some of the subroutines, and macros. The problems, difficulties and the method of solving them, and easier features on this translation are analysed. The study of how to save memory and time will be continued.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1974

This study is aimed at a validation of the vigilance simulation model which was proposed earlier (2). The model estimates a perceived danger value, an alertness level and the probability of detection at a given elapsed time of vigilance. Twenty-nine male and seven female subjects were given a simple task. They were asked to detect a number(four numbers out of six digits in the telephone directory which have the probability of occurrence in the range of 0.0010-0.0018) in six different experimental conditions, for periods of two to three hours. Analysis of the experiments showed that although the mean detection rate varied slightly in two hours, the within-subject variance and the number of cyclic performance fluctuations increased significantly. A primal factor that affects the performance seems to be the frequency of target occurrence. By curve fitting, the relation between the probability of detection and the percentages of danger event occurrence was derived; $y=0.50(1-{\varepsilon}^{-50x^2})+0.39$. Assuming the equation represents the normal detection rate(100% performance), the Relative Vigilance Performance Rating was calculated. This rating method could be a useful criterion in selecting and training of the vigilance personnel. The results show that the simulation model is a good estimator of human a performance when the probability of danger occurrence is greater than 0.0015; it gives a good reference for improving the vigilance system. Suggestions are made that (1) the validity of proposed functional equations over the extended range of danger probability be studied, (2) an analysis of the cyclic fluctuations of the alertness level be accomplished, and (3) the cost functions of detection reliability be included in any future model.