• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.900-907
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• 2007

Three male Gayal (Bos frontalis) and three male Yunnan Yellow cattle (Bos taurus) were fed pelleted lucerne and measurements made of digestibility, nitrogen utilisation, rumen fermentation and microbial population and key plasma metabolites. Total actual dry matter intake was similar but when expressed in terms of live weight or metabolic live weight feed intakes were significantly higher (p<0.05) for Gayal than cattle. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, fibre and dietary nitrogen were similar for both Gayal and cattle. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher (p<0.05) for Gayal than cattle and total numbers of viable rumen bacteria, cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria, but not proteolytic bacteria nor protozoa, were significantly greater (p<0.05) for Gayal than cattle. Although Gayal have a different rumen ecology to cattle, similar digestive parameters were exhibited. Further research is required to establish relationship between rumen ecology and digestive parameters.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san on child diarrhea. Methods: This clinical study was carried out with 42 cases(31male, 11female) of children aged 0 to 14 years old who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital and were diagnosed as the diarrhea. Assessments were made with reference to sex, age, the duration of symptoms and physical history. To assess the impact of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san, the complicated signs, the duration of treatment, the correlation between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul- san, san and the duration of symptom were examined before and after the treatment. Results: There were 31 males and 11 females in the incidence by sex. It showed that males were more than females. The most numerous age group was 0-2(19) followed by 3-7 (11) and 9-12 (12). According to the duration of symptom, 12 children have symptom for 0-7 days, 10 for 8-14 days, 11 for 15-20 days, 4 for 22-28 days and 5 over 28 days. With regard to the physical history of the sample, 5 children had atopic dermatitis, 3 children had enteritis, 3 children had rhinitis, 2 children had tonsillitis, 1 child had otitis media, 1 child had asthma and 1 child had pneumonia. The children also had the complicated signs: 22 children had anorexia, 17 children had abdominal pain, 13 children had vomiting and 8 children had nausea in digestive organ. In addition 11 children had dizziness, 7 children had general weakness, 1 child had enuresis and 1 child had sweat in general symptoms. For the duration of the treatment, 14 children were treated for 7 days, 13 for 8-10 days, 8 for 11-14 days, 3 for 15-21 days, 2 for 22-28 days and 2 for 29-40 days. No distinct relationship between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san and the duration of the symptom was found. Conclusion: Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san is effective in the treatment of intestine mucous membrane and improves the function of digestive system. It is also an effective short-term treatment for child diarrhea.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.11-11
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• 2004

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Gagamjeonsibaekchulsan on child diarrhea. Methods: This clinical study was carried out with 42 cases(31male, 11female) of children aged 0 to 14 years old who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital and were diagnosed as the diarrhea. Assessments were made with reference to sex, age, the duration of symptoms and physical history. To assess the impact of Gagamjeonsibaekchulsan, the complicated signs, the duration of treatment, the correlation between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul- san and the duration of symptom were examined before and after the treatment. Results: There were 31 males and 11 females in the incidence by sex. It showed that males were more than females. The most numerous age group was 0-2(19) followed by 3-7 (11) and 9-12 (12). According to the duration of symptom, 12 children have symptom for 0-7 days, 10 for 8-14 days, 11 for 15-20 days, 4 for 22-28 days and 5 over 28 days. With regard to the physical history of the sample, 5 children had atopic dermatitis, 3 children had enteritis, 3 children had rhinitis, 2 children had tonsillitis, 1 child had otitis media, 1 child had asthma and 1 child had pneumonia. The children also had the complicated signs: 22 children had anorexia, 17 children had abdominal pain, 13 children had vomiting and 8 children had nausea in digestive organ. In addition 11 children had dizziness, 7 children had general weakness, 1 child had enuresis and 1 child had sweat in general symptoms. For the duration of the treatment, 14 children were treated for 7 days, 13 for 8-10 days, 8 for 11-14 days, 3 for 15-21 days, 2 for 22-28 days and 2 for 29-40 days. No distinct relationship between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san and the duration of the symptom was found. Conclusion: Gagamjeonsibaeichul-san is effective in the treatment of intestine mucous membrane and improves the function of digestive system. It is also an effective short-term treatment for child diarrhea.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.237-245
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• 2001

I have come to next conclusions in consequnce of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding Jung point venesection therapy. 1. Jung point is significant as the beginning of pulse energy flow on meridian, the origin of all meridional pulse energy being located at extrimity terminal, confluence of three yin and three yang, and emergent treatment point. 2. Jung point venesection therapy was much used for the first-aid treatment for acute and thermic disease, and that is the combination of the meaning as of restoration from death and emergent treatment of Jung point and function of openning of orifice, leakage of fever, circulation of blood, remove of edema of venesection therapy. 3. It is very much used for emergency case, five sensory organ disease and CVA, heating shock and so on. Besides that digestive disease, cough, fever with cold, childhood disease, cardiac ache, thoracic disease, numbness of digitus terminal, mental disorder follow that in order. 4. Sosang, Jung point of Arm Greater Yin Lung meridian, is very much used for five sensory organ disease. Sosang is for orbital disease, sangyang for auditory disease, sosang for nasal disease, and sosnag for introitus-throat disease. 5. Ten Jung point is most used for first-aid diseases of CVA, heating shock. 6. Ten Jung point is most used for digestive disease of stomach ache, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal convulsion. 7. Ten Jung point is most used for cold disease of cough, fever, malaria. 8. Ten Jung point, sosang, kwanchung are much used for childhood disease of acute convulsion and fever. 9. Among Jung point, sosang is most used, 34 times. Next there are Ten Jung point, kwanchung, sangyang, sotaek, jungchung, unbaek, taedon in order. In the order of frequency in use, arm channel is more used than leg channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.831-838
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• 1996

This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of raw, roast and steamed buckwheat on fecal protein, Pancreas weight, the activities of $\alpha-amylase,$ chymotrypsin and lipase 91 the pancreas, and $\alpha-amylase,$ chymotrypsin and trypsin activities of the feces in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fecal proteins of raw, roast and steamed buckwheat diabetic groups were increased up to 99%, 91%, 103%, respectively compared to those of the diabetic control group. Feeding of buckwheat diet increased pancreas weight, especially raw buckwheat diabetic group(p<0.05). Pancreatic chymo-trypsin activity was decreased in buckwheat diabetic groups compared to diabetic control group, wheres any significant difference was observed in $\alpha-amylase$ and lipase activities. Fecal chymotrypsin activi-ty was significantly increased in all buckwheat diabetic groups. Fecal trypsin activity was increased in roast buckwheat diabetic groups compared to diabetic control group and fecal $\alpha-amylase$ activity in buckwheat diabetic group was not significantly different. These results suggest that feeding of buckwheat diet enhances the impaired exocrine pancreatic function of diabetic rat.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 1994

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous challenges to surgeons. Over the past 2 years[1990, Dec.-1993, Jun], the free jejunal graft has been performed in 17 cases in Korea Cancer Center Hospital.The indications of this procedures were almost malignant neoplasms involving neck and upper aero-digestive tract; Hypopharyngeal cancer[12 cases, including 2 recurrent cases], laryngeal cancer[2 cases], thyroid cancer[2 cases, including 1 recurrent case], cervical esophageal cancer[1 case]. There were fifteen men and two women, and the mean age was 59.6 years. The anastomosis site of jejunal artery were common carotid artery[16 cases] or external carotid artery[1 case] and that of jejunal vein were internal jegular [15 cases] or facial[1 case] and superior thyroid vein[1 case]. The length of jejunal graft was from 9 cm to 17 cm[mean 13 cm] and the mean ischemic time was 68 minutes. There was one hospital mortality which was irrelevant to procedures[variceal bleeding] and one graft failure[1/16]. Other postoperative complications were neck bleeding or hematoma[3 cases], abdominal wound infection or disruption[5 cases], anastomosis site leakage[1 case], pneumonia[2 cases], graft vein thrombosis[1 case], and food aspiration[1 case]. The function of conduit was excellent and ingestion of food was possible in nearly all cases. Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy was also applicable without problem in 7 cases. During follow-up periods, the anastomosis site stenosis developed in four patients, and the tracheal stoma was narrowed in one case but easily overcome with dilation. In conclusion, we think that the free jejunal graft is one of the excellent reconstruction methods of upper digestive tract, especially after radical resection of malignant neoplasm in neck with a high success rate and low mortality and morbidity rate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1510-1517
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• 2008

Expresssed sequence tag (EST) analysis was developed from three cDNA libraries constructed from cells of the digestive tract, gonad, and liver of sea squirt. Randomly selected cDNA clones were partially sequenced to generate a total of 922 ESTs, in which 687 unique ESTs were identified respectively. Results of BLASTX search showed that 612 ESTs (89%) have homology to genes of known function whereas 75 ESTs (11%) were unidentified or novel. Based on the major function of their encoded proteins, the identified clones were classified into ten broad categories. We also identified several kinds of immune-related genes as identifying novel genes. Sequence analysis of ESTs revealed the presence of microsatellite-containing genes that may be valuable for further gene mapping studies. The accumulation of a large number of identified cDNA clones is invaluable for the study of sea squirt genetics and developmental biology. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual attention of elementary school students according to the editorial design of the 2007 2009 revised elementary science textbook 'Structure and function of our body'. For this purpose, eye movements were collected while elementary school students were watching real textbooks wearing mobile eye tracker. The BeGaze 3.7 program of SMI company was used analyzing eye movements. Twenty-six elementary school students participated voluntarily in mobile tracking research. Elementary students learned the contents of textbook related to 'digestive organ' and 'respiratory organ' by using double reading learning strategy. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of pre- and post-knowledge tests, there was no statistically significant difference in learning effect between 2007 revised and 2009 revised textbook editing design. Second, elementary school students tended to give more visual attention to text than textbook illustrations. Third, the selective attention and persistent attention of elementary students showed a very strong positive correlation (.940), but the selective attention and self-control showed a strong positive correlation (.499). Fourth, students with high level of attention and low level showed high visual occupancy in text than in illustrations. Fifth, elementary school students preferred the 2009 revised science textbook to the 2007 revised.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 1992

Pi(Spleen, 脾) corresponds to central earth and is called as the basis of acquired essence as it has the function of transforting and transforming the nutrients, keeping the blood circulating, and nourishing the muscle and limbs. Recently many studies to research the nature and deficiency of Pi are actively carried out. Especially functional deficiency of Pi(脾虛證) which occupies 60 to 70% or 88% in miscell aneous disease is divided into deficiency of Qi(脾氣虛), Yang(脾陽許), and Yin(脾陰虛), and tought to be positive when three or more such symptoms as anorexia, abdominal distension, loose bowels, pale face and weakness are present. Investigating the resent studies on the nature of the deficiency of Pi shows that Pi has the function of digestive system and also should be considered as functional unit of mult system related immune, metabolic, hematic, muscular, rnddocrine and nervus system. Various experiments as ptyaline activity test and xylose absorption test are used as an indication to deficiency of Pi and would be helpful to understand its nature. As deficiency of Pi appears in many disease and has various manifestations, further studies to diagnose the symptom of Pi using various experiments and oriental medical diagnostic method should be ensued.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the correlation among Shift Rotation, dysmenorrhea and digestion function. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of 161 nurses about their menstruation and digestion function from several hospitals from Oct to Nov in 2009. Using chi-square test and pearson correlation, statistical analysis was made by SPSS 12.0. We significance level p-value was determined as 0.05. Results: 1. There was no significant correlation between Shift Rotation and the severity of dysmenorrhea. 2. There was statistically mild correlation between Shift Rotation and digestion power. 3. There was statistically mild correlation between dyspepsia and the severity of menstruation. Conclusion: From above results, we could conclude that Shift Rotation, dyspepsia had mild relation to menstruation.