• Title/Summary/Keyword: digestion

Search Result 2,539, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

Antioxidative Changes of Blueberry Leaf Extracts in Emulsion-Type Sausage during In Vitro Digestion

  • Hur, Sun-Jin;Kim, Doo-Hwan;Chun, Se-Chul;Lee, Si-Kyung
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
    • /
    • v.33 no.6
    • /
    • pp.689-695
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in vitro human digestion on the antioxidant activity of blueberry leaf extracts (BLE) in emulsion-type sausages (ETS). Leaves from four cultivars of blueberries (Bluecrop, Bluegold, Duke, and Northland) collected from a wild blueberry farm were extracted with 80% ethanol. ETS were prepared with 0.2% BLE. The samples were then passed through an in vitro human digestion system which simulates the composition of the mouth, stomach, and small intestine juice. Only one phenolic compound (chlorogenic acid) was detected in the BLE. Northland BLE had appreciably higher amounts of chlorogenic acid than that of other BLE, both before and after in vitro human digestion. Antioxidant activity of any BLE was not influenced by in vitro human digestion, whereas the antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid standard increased in response to in vitro human digestion in both 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). In the present study, the antioxidant activities of the BLE were not strongly influenced by in vitro human digestion, and the antioxidant activity depended on the chlorogenic acid content of ETS. Thus, compounds from blueberry leaves may have important applications in the future as natural antioxidants for meat products.

Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Proteins Following Enzyme Digestion

  • Katayama, K.;Fuchu, H.;Sakata, A.;Kawahara, S.;Yamauchi, K.;Kawamura, Y.;Muguruma, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.417-424
    • /
    • 2003
  • Inhibitory activities against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) of enzymatic hydrolysates of porcine skeletal muscle proteins were investigated. Myosin B, myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin and water-soluble proteins extracted from pork loin were digested by eight kinds of proteases, including pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and trypsin. After digestion, hydrolysates produced from all proteins showed ACE inhibitory activities, and the peptic hydrolysate showed the strongest activity. In the case of myosin B, the molar concentration of peptic hydrolysate required to inhibit 50% of the activity increased gradually as digestion proceeded. The hydrolysates produced by sequential digestion with pepsin and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin or pepsin and pancreatin showed weaker activities than those by pepsin alone, suggesting that ACE inhibitory peptides from peptic digestion might lose their active sequences after digestion by the second protease. However, the hydrolysates produced by sequential digestion showed stronger activities than those by $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, trypsin or pancreatin alone. These results suggested that the hydrolysates of porcine meat were able to show ACE inhibitory activity, even if they were digested in vivo, and that pork might be a useful source of physiologically functional factors.

A Study about the Correlation of the Angle of Costal Arch with Digestion and BMI

  • Lee, Hee-Seung;Park, Seong-Sik
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.29 no.5
    • /
    • pp.90-95
    • /
    • 2008
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate if there is significant correlations between the angle of costal arch and digestion, and BMI(Body Mass Index). Methods : To know the correlation between digestion and the angle of costal arch, we hand-measured the angle of costal arch and made questionnaire about digestion. We analysed the data with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis using SPSS 12.0. Results : There is proportional correlation between the angle of costal arch and digestion. Also wider costal arch shows better appetite, faster speed of eating and more quantity of meal. And someone having wider costal arch has less digestion disorder after eating heavy foods or being anxious. And there is proportional relation between angle of the angle of costal arch and BMI. Conclusions : There is significant correlation between the angle of costal arch and digestion as wider costal arch can digest better. Also it has proportional relation between the angle of costal arch and BMI. We expect that further study about morphology of abdomen will develop our abdominal examination and diagnostic methods.

  • PDF

A Study on the Conditioning with Polymer and the Particle Size Distribution of Intermittent Aerobic Digestion Sludge (간헐포기 소화 슬러지의 고분자 응집제에 의한 개량과 입도 분포 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hee-Jun;Kim, Seong-Hong;Choi, Jae-Seong
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.30 no.3
    • /
    • pp.253-258
    • /
    • 2004
  • Synthetic organic polyelectrolytes can be used to condition sludges to enhance their dewaterability. Intermittent aerobic digestion is an useful digestion technology and has many advantages like neutral pH, low installation cost and easiness to operation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the dewaterability of intemittent aerobic digestion sludge and to find the relationship between dewaterability and particle size distribution change under the conditioning of intermittent aerobic digestion sludge by cationic polyelectrolyte. Digested sludge from intermittent aerobic digestion was used and cationic polyacrylamide polymer was added as a conditioner. CST(capillary suction time), TTF(time-to-filtration) were tested as a dewaterability index and the number of particle distribution was analyzed using particle size analyzer. The results indicate that cationic polyelectrolytes is useful to enhance dewaterability of intermittent aerobic digestion sludge. Mean particle diameter was increased as polymer dosage increased and its value was reached up to 100 mm on the condition of optimal cationic polymer dosage. CST and TTF are well correlated with mean particle diameter when the weighting order is 1.7. By the optimal conditioning with cationic polymer, particles in the filtrate are also reduced significantly and this means that conditioning is helpful to main stream by reducing SS loading from return flow.

Methods for improving meat protein digestibility in older adults

  • Seung Yun Lee;Ji Hyeop Kang;Da Young Lee;Jae Won Jeong;Jae Hyeon Kim;Sung Sil Moon;Sun Jin Hur
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.65 no.1
    • /
    • pp.32-56
    • /
    • 2023
  • This review explores the factors that improve meat protein digestibility and applies the findings to the development of home meal replacements with improved protein digestion rates in older adults. Various methods improve the digestion rate of proteins, such as heat, ultrasound, high pressure, or pulse electric field. In addition, probiotics aid in protein digestion by improving the function of digestive organs and secreting enzymes. Plant-derived proteases, such as papain, bromelain, ficin, actinidin, or zingibain, can also improve the protein digestion rate; however, the digestion rate is dependent on the plant enzyme used and protein characteristics. Sous vide processing improves the rate and extent of protein digestibility, but the protein digestion rate decreases with increasing temperature and heating time. Ultrasound, high pressure, or pulsed electric field treatments degrade the protein structure and increase the proteolytic enzyme contact area to improve the protein digestion rate.

Determination of Metallic Elements in Urban Particulate Matter (SRM 1648) by ICP-MS and AAS (ICP-MS와 AAS를 이용한 대기 입자상 표준물질 (SRM 1648) 금속성분의 정량에 관한 연구)

  • Yoo Su-Young;Choi Kum-Chan;Kim Ki-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.423-430
    • /
    • 2005
  • This study was investigated with sample digestion techniques and a reliability of the analytical results for a quantitative analysis of a standard reference material ('urban particulate matter', SRM 1648). The metallic elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with closed vessel microwave acid digestion method and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Quality control of the overall analytical procedures for metallic element determinations of standard reference material were estimated by analysis of a SRM 1648. Three digestion solutions $(type\;1:\;HNO_3,\;type\;2:\;HNO_3\;and\;H2O_2(4'1)\;mixture,\;type\;3:5.55\%\; HNO_3\;and\;16.75\%\;HCI\;mixture)$ were applied to SRM 1648. As a result, three digestion solutions used in this study are completely unable to digest Cr of SRM 1648. Reliability of Cr and As showed some errors in the digestion with digestion solution type (3) due to the influence of chlorides. Type (3) digestion solutions are sufficient to fulfill the digestion of As as well as Se in SRM 1648. ICP-MS results showed the improvement in accurate and precise determination of some trace elements like Cd, V and Pb in SRM 1648. It is important to use the proper digestion solution for each element to qualify analytical precision.

Ultrasonic Pretreatment for Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion in Industrial Waste Activated Sludge Treatment

  • Kim, Young-Kee;Kwak, Myung-Shin;Lee, Won-Hong;Park, Jeong-Woo
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
    • /
    • v.5 no.6
    • /
    • pp.469-474
    • /
    • 2000
  • In order to enhance the degradation efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) by thermophilic aerobic digestion, an ultrasonic pretreatment was examined. It was observed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the solubilization of organic matter in the WAS and that the solubilization ratio of the organics increased during the first 30 min but did not extensively increase thereafter. Therefore, a pretreatment time of 30 min was determined to be the economical pretreatment time from the experimental results. From the digestion experiments, which was conducted using the WAS collected from an oil refinery plant in Inchon, Korea, investigating the effects of an ultrasonic pretreatment on thermophilic aerobic digestion, it was confirmed that the proposed ultrasonic pretreatment was effective at enhancing the release of the cellular components in WAS and the degradation of released components in the thermophilic aerobic digestion.

  • PDF

A Study on the Treatment of Distillery Wastewater by Single-phase and Two-phase Anaerobic Digestion (단상(單相) 및 2상(相) 혐기성(嫌氣性) 소화(消化)에 의한 주정폐수(酒精廢水) 처리(處理)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Choung, Young Kyoo;Rah, Seung Woo;Park, Joon Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.5-12
    • /
    • 1993
  • The objectives of this paper are to present data to illustrate how an advanced digestion process, two-phase digestion, can provide superior performance in terms of waste stabilization efficiency and net energy recovery. As the result, it is possible to separate enrichment cultures of acidogenic and methanogenic organisms in isolated environments by kinetic control involving manipulation of dilution rates. In single-phase digestion process, HRT and COD loading for effective operation were 14.29 days and 2.33kg $COD/m^3$ day, but two-phase digestion may be conducted efficiently at 7 days of HRT and 5.71kg $COD/m^3$ day of loading. Data from this studies showed that the two-phase process is better than single-phase digestion under all test conditions when compared on the bases of gas yield and production rate, reductions of COD and VS, buffer capacity, and unconverted volatile acids in the effluent.

  • PDF

Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure (好氣性 및 嫌氣性 消化에 의한 豚糞處理)

  • Kim, Nam Cheon;Min,, Dal Ki
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.43-49
    • /
    • 1988
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the organic removal efficiencies and sludge production in aerobic and anaerobic digestion of swine manure. A laboratory single-stage, high-rate, anaerobic digester was operated at 5, 10, 25 and 30 day's HRT at the temperature of 35$\circ$C, and also aerobic digester operated at 10, 20 and 28.6 day's HRT at the temperature of 20$\circ$C. The conclusions from this study are as follows: 1. While the BOD removal efficiency by anaerobic digestion was 30 to 75%, it was 99% over by aerobic digestion. 2. The sludge production was similar in both aerobic and anaerobic digestion. 3. The gas production was 0.21 to 0.55 m$^3$/kg VS fed by anaerobic digestion.

  • PDF

Determination of Heavy Metal in Polyurethane by New Digestion Method and ICP-AES (새로운 전처리 방법과 ICP-AES에 의한 폴리우레탄 중의 중금속 분석)

  • Lim, Heon-Sung;Lee, Sueg-Geun
    • Analytical Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.363-367
    • /
    • 2004
  • A simple and convenient digestion method was developed for the determination of heavy metal in polyurethane sample using only nitric acid in open system without heating. This digestion method had prevented loss of volatile elements of Hg and As and reduced the pretreatment time for the sample digestion. The detection limit is lowered over 10 times than that of microwave digestion method. Recoveries in polyurethane material were 108% for As, 96 ~ 99% for Hg, 102 ~ 103% for Cr, 98 ~ 102% for Pb, 86 ~ 90% for Cd, and 90 ~ 93% for Cu.