• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the activity ratios of global trunk muscles and local trunk muscles in relation to adjustments in the level of task difficulty while performing stability exercises in easily applied bridging lumbar stabilization exercise. Twenty healthy subjects performed bridging lumbar stabilization exercise while the level of task difficulty was plate was used in the same posture for all the exercises. EMG was used to examine the activity ratios of the global muscles and multifidus in relation to the level of task difficulty. Moreover, the activity ratios of the multifidus muscle, the erector spinae and the gluteus maximus muscle were measured. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted (${\alpha}$=.05). When the bridging lumbar stabilization exercise were performed at different difficulty levels, the activity of the multifidus muscle, which is a local muscle, was high in all three exercises. Also, compared to low intensity and intermediate intensity exercises, high intensity exercises showed more significant differences (${\alpha}$=.05). Among all the muscles, the multifidus showed the highest activity at intermediate intensity. Based on these results, we suggest that in the case of bridging lumbar stabilization exercise, low intensity or intermediate intensity exercises are more suitable and efficient for local muscle stabilization.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2004

웹 기반의 원격 교육에서 평가를 위해 출제되는 문제들은 주로 고정 출제나 무작위 출제 방식 또는 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 방식을 이용하고 있다. 이중에서 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 방식은 학습자들의 평가 결과에 따른 난이도 재조정으로 문제 은행의 문제들에 대한 객관성을 유지하는 것이 중요한 문제이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 방식에서 문제은행의 난이도를 재조정함에 있어서 학습자들의 평가 결과와 학습자득의 학습 능력을 함께 고려한 새로운 난이도 재조정 알고리즘을 제시판다 제시된 알고리즘을 구축된 웹기반 학습 시스템에서 기존 알고리즘과 비교 분석한 결과 보다 효율적으로 문제 난이도를 관리할 수 있음을 확인한 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제10권7호
• /
• pp.912-922
• /
• 2007

원격교육 시스템의 평가 시스템에서 평가의 공정성을 위하여 매 평가 시 평가지의 난이도를 일정하게 유지할 수 있는 방법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘 기반의 평가지 생성 알고리즘을 제안한다. 평가지의 각 문항에 대한 난이도가 제출자에 의해서 지정되는 기존의 방법과는 달리 제안한 알고리즘에서는 각 문항의 난이도가 학생들의 평가 결과에 따라 적응적으로 조절되고, 평가지의 평균 난이도를 일정한 수준으로 유지할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘에서는 평가지에 동일한 문항이 중복으로 포함되는 것을 배제하고, 이전 평가의 결과를 반영하여 적응적으로 난이도가 조절될 수 있는 새로운 형태의 유전 연산자를 설계하고 구현한다. 그리고 모의실험을 통해 기존의 임의선택 방법과 모의 담금질 방법에 비해 균일한 난이도를 갖는 평가지가 생성될 수 있음을 보인다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.26-40
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to compare perception of job importance, job performance, and job difficulty between clinical dietitians working at small and medium hospitals in Busan. The survey was conducted from July 15 to August 31, 2014, and data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The mean scores for perception of job importance, job performance, and job difficulty of clinical dietitian's task elements were 3.88, 2.87, and 3.18 out of 5.0, respectively. Perception of job importance had a positive relationship with job performance. However, job performance showed a negative relationship with job difficulty. There were strong positive relationships among nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, nutrition monitoring & evaluation, nutrition research in perception of job importance (P<0.05, P<0.01). Nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition research showed positive relationships with job performance (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was also a positive relationship among clinical dietitian's task with job difficulty (P<0.05, P<0.01). These results suggest that it would be effective to adopt training programs for appropriate nutrition service and to provide continuous education programs for professional development.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.833-843
• /
• 2016

Due to the rapid expansion of fashion, consumers easily purchase fashion products, the period of wearing apparel is shortened, and the occurrence of clothes piling up in the closet is increasing. In order to induce and suggest rational consumption and disposal actions, research focused on the factors influencing difficulty discarding and disposal behavior toward a fashion product is needed. Thus, this study considered fashion-shopping orientation as a variable affecting difficulty discarding and disposal behavior toward fashion products. A total of 325 questionnaires were collected, and 11 were discarded due to partial responses or missing data. Finally, a total of 314 survey questionnaires were analyzed. Frequency, exploratory factor, reliability, and multiple regression analyses were employed for data analysis using SPSS 23.0. The study results were as follows. First, hedonic and economic shopping orientation positively affected difficulty discarding a fashion product, whereas rational shopping orientation negatively affected difficulty discarding a fashion product. Second, hedonic, economic, and conspicuous shopping orientation positively affected reuse behavior among disposal behavior toward a fashion product. Third, trend-seeking and convenient shopping orientation positively influenced handover behavior. Fourth, economic and conspicuous shopping orientation positively affected separation discard behavior. The results of this study provide various guidelines for manufacturers and retailers of fashion products.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2006

많은 연구에서 E-Learning 시스템에서 학습효과를 높이기 위하여 문항난이도가 적용되었다. 그러나 보다 정확한 난이도 산출을 위해서는 문항교정난이도가 고려되어야 한다. 또한 학습자가 스스로 학습을 계획하고 진행하는 자기 주도적 학습과정이 지원되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문항교정난이도를 이용한 자기 주도적 E-Learning 시스템을 개발하였다. 또한 시스템 개발의 효율성을 위하여 컴포넌트 기반 개발방법으로 구현 및 합성하였다. 본 연구의 적용결과 보다 정확한 문항교정난이도를 학습자에게 지원할 수 있었고, 컴포넌트를 기반으로 합성된 자기 주도적 E-Learning 시스템이 효과적으로 운용됨을 보였다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2009

Background: Nasotracheal intubation for general anesthesia is preferred for oral and maxillofacial procedures because it provides improved access to the operative site. Fiberopic nasotracheal intubation is a useful technique when airway management seems difficult. But, intaoral bleeding is considered as the important factor that makes fiberopic nasotracheal intubation difficult. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the effect of laryngeal view and bleeding on intubation difficulty during fiberopic intubation. Methods: We studied 461 patients undergoing nasotracheal intubation with permission. Laryngeal view grades were examined with laryngoscope and were recorded. Then, intubation time and the amounts of bleeding were measured during fibroptic nasotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. Results: There was no significant difference between laryngeal view grade and intubation difficulty (P > 0.05). But severity of bleeding increased intubation difficulty (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the significant amounts of bleeding had an effect on intubation difficulty.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.601-610
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chewing difficulty on depression in Korean adults to provide basic data on improving the quality of life related to oral health of Korean adults. Methods: The raw data of the analysis were obtained from the dataset of the seven Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2016 and 2018. The subjects included 9,535 people who underwent oral examination and answered questions. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS (ver 21.0) program using composite samples, and the mean crossover analysis and logistic return analysis were performed. Results: An analysis of the effects of chewing difficulty on depression in Korean adults showed that those with chewing difficulty had a 2.24 fold higher risk of depression (95% CI: 1.73-2.90) and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions: The association between the chewing difficulty on depression could be confirmed, and measures improve of the oral health and preventing depression should be prepared.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.328-336
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older adult women with sarcopenia. Methods: The study was secondary data analysis using data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample consisted of 142 women aged 60 years and older with sarcopenia and were selected from 8,110 women. The participants was analyzed using complex descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and regression. Results: In terms of HRQoL, three general characteristics were found to be influential, with an explanatory power of 56.0%: difficulty climbing stairs, difficulty working, and perceived health status. Having no or mild difficulty when climbing stairs (B=.20, p=.001; B=.21, p<.001) and no or mild difficulty when working (B=.25, p=. 002; B=.208, p=.013) had a significant effect on HRQoL compared to severe difficulty. Having good or ordinary perceived health status had a significant effect on the HRQoL (B=.11, p<.001; B=.09, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on study findings that the HRQoL of older adult women with sarcopenia were influenced by difficulty climbing stairs and working, as well as good perceived health status, healthcare providers should assist elderly women to maintain physical activities in their daily lives.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 교육대학교 84명의 학생들을 대상으로 계절변화 단원에 대한 수업 곤란도를 분석한 연구이다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등과학 계절의 변화를 구성하는 4개 주제별 초등예비교사의 수업곤란도가 큰 주제부터 제시하면 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'(수업곤란 도 4.05), '계절에 따라 태양의 남중 고도와 낮과 밤의 길이는 어떻게 달라질까요?'(수업곤란도, 3.12), '하루 동안의 태양 고도, 그림자의 길이, 기온은 서로 어떤 관계가 있을까요?'(수업곤란도 2.85), '계절에 따라 기온은 어떻게 달라질까요?'(수업곤란도 2.80)이다. 이것으로 초등과학 계절의 변화 단원에서 공간지각 개념이 필요한 수업주제로 분류되는 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'에 대한 4주제에 대한 수업이 다른 단원에 비해서 수업곤란도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 계절변화 단원에서 수업주제별로 수업곤란도의 요인은 다양하게 나타났다. 초등예비교사들이 계절 변화 단원에 대한 수업을 지도할 때 수업을 어렵게 만드는 요인을 빈도수가 높은 순서대로 살펴보면 '자전축 기울기에 따른 태양남중 고도 비교하기 실험 지도' 가 42명(50%), '태양 남중고도와 낮과 밤의 길이 설명의 어려움'이 38명(45%), '남중고도 개념 설명의 어려움'이 27명(32%), '계절별 태양의 위치변화 설명의 어 려움'이 24명(29%), '태양고도를 측정할 때 전등의 높이를 조절해야 하는 합당한 이유 설명'이 20명(24%), '태양고도와 최고기온 사이의 불일치 이유 설명의 어려움'이 16명(19%), '모래(지면)온도 측정의 어려움'이 12명(14%)으로 각각 나타났다. 셋째, 수업곤란도 요인을 분석해 보면 교사요인보 다 교육과정요인이 많았다. 이러한 맥락에서 볼 때, 초등예비교사들의 수업곤란도가 가장 크게 나타난 계절 변화 단원 중 4주제인 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'에 대한 탐구활동은 교육과정의 측면에서 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다.