• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study were to examine the degree of job duty importance and difficulty of nutrition teachers in elementary school and then to make their future duties and roles clearly. Methods : The duties of nutrition teachers were classified into four fields such as foodservice management, nutrition education, nutrition counseling and educational experience of Korean agricultural products, and then each field were divided into job duties and job tasks. The subjects was 139 dietitians at elementary schools in Dague and Kyungpook Province who appraised the degree of importance and difficulty of the above four job duties with the Likert 5-point scale through a questionnaire survey. Results : From the results of the survey, it was found that every dietitian had highly assessed the importance of the four job duties of nutrition teachers. In a survey of the degree of job duty importance and difficulty on the dietitians, subjects recognized the following such as haccp management in the field of foodservice management is of the most importance(4.30), and the personal management has the most difficulty (3.80). In the field of nutrition education, the work of establishment nutrition education plan is of the most importance(4.33), and the developing of nutrition education materials and programsn are the most difficulty (4.13). In the field of nutrition counselling, students of that than parents and teachers counselling is of the most importance (4.15) and the most difficulty (4.08). Finally, in the field of our agricultural products experience education, which of he work is the most importance(4.07), and difficulty (4.02). Conclusion : Therefore, it is judged that nutrition teachers in the future should not only have a foodservice management, as their main job duty, but also aid in constructing life-long health management system for students and teachers by conducting a nutrition education and counseling, and also exert their energies in the job duties of menu development and experience education utilizing our agricultural products.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1240-1252
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• 2015

본 연구는 요양시설 치매노인을 대상으로 식사행동장애 실태와 영향요인을 규명하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 일 지역 3개 요양시설에 거주하는 치매노인 158명이었으며, 연구기간은 2014년 8월18일부터 9월12일까지였으며, 식사행동장애, 신체기능(K-ADL) 및 인지기능(MMSE-K)을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 t-test, ANOVA, 상관관계, 회귀분석으로 검정하였다. 식사행동장애 정도는 전체 평균이 $0.62{\pm}0.43$점(0-2점 범위)이었고, 식사 중 주의 깊은 감독이 필요하다가 가장 빈도가 높은 식사행동장애였다. 회귀분석결과 신체기능(${\beta}=.312$), 인지기능(${\beta}=-.172$) 순으로 식사행동장애에 영향을 미쳤고, 이들 변수의 설명력은 20.0%였다. 이러한 연구결과는 요양시설 치매노인의 식사행동장애를 돕기 위한 식사행동단계별 대처전략 개발, 시설 돌봄 제공자의 교육프로그램 개발 연구의 필요성을 제시한다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among teachers' resilience, difficulty in emotional regulation, and teaching strategies for behavior problems of children. Methods: A total of 200 day care and kindergarten teachers were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Results: First, teachers' resilience, difficulty in emotional regulation and teaching strategies for children with behavior problems were significantly related. Teachers' resilience showed a positive correlation with teachers' positive prevention and reaction strategies but showed a negative correlation with teachers' negative reaction strategies. Among the teachers' difficulty in emotional regulation, the factor of difficulty for impulsive control and lack of attention showed negative correlations with teachers' prevention and positive reaction strategies. Second, teachers' resilience and difficulty in emotional regulation significantly explained the teaching strategies for children with behavior problems. Teachers' resilience was found to be the most important variable explaining teaching strategies for children with behavior problems. Conclusion/Implications: This study revealed that teachers' resilience and difficulties in emotional regulation were important psychological and emotional characteristics for teachers when teaching children with behavior problems.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to airway failure during endotracheal intubation among patients with and without predicted airway difficulty. Methods: Medical records were examined retrospectively. 329 patients who were admitted to the general ward and underwent endotracheal intubation were included. The incidence of airway failure in the two groups was investigated. Results: The group predicted to have airway difficulty consisted of 79 patients (24.0%) and the group without airway difficulty, 250 (76.0%). The number of cases of airway failure was 50 (15.2%). The factors that were associated with airway failure in the group with predicted airway difficulty were the jaw relaxation score, Cormack-Lehane score, and the device of the first endotracheal intubation attempt. The factors that were associated with the airway failure in the group predicted not to have airway difficulty were the induction agent, jaw relaxation score, Cormack-Lehane score, level of training of the personnel with the first endotracheal intubation success, and the device of the first endotracheal intubation attempt. Conclusion: The prediction of airway difficulty during endotracheal intubation was not effective; however, it was meaningful from the perspective of patient safety.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2021

Objectives: Based on the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1,135 adults aged 19 years were selected as the final study subjects to investigate the relationship between oral health and chewing difficulty in adults. Methods: Frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed for general characteristics, oral health behaviors, awareness symptoms, and oral health using SPSS Program 21.0. Results: Regarding factors related to chewing difficulty, the oral health was 0.44 times lower than the average level and 0.28 times lower than the good condition. In the case of oral examination, chewing difficulty was 0.85 times lower. The speaking problem was 0.11 times lower in usually than inconvenient and 0.06 times lower in not inconvenient. In the case of un-treatment, it was 0.40 times lower than that in the case of treatment. The chewing difficulty was significantly higher by 2.09 times in the case of experience of tooth pain and 1.36 times in the case of periodontal disease. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is thought that prevention and treatment are actively needed to identify factors of oral health to improve oral health, to solve chewing difficulty and to improve chewing function.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study is to research for the formation of Ohaeng-acupuncture. Methods : I refered to ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ (難經), ${\ll}$Ling Shu${\gg}$ (靈樞), ${\ll}$Zhen Jiu Ju Ying${\gg}$ (針灸聚英), ${\ll}$Yi Xue Ru Men${\gg}$ (醫學入門) and annotations were excerpted and record that notied the Ohaeng-acupuncture. Results : The results obtained as follows. 1. ${\ll}$Ling Shu${\gg}$ "Sheng Ze Xie Zhi, Xu Ze Bu Zhi"(盛則瀉之, 虛則補之) united with "Ying Sui Bu Xie"(迎隨補瀉), developed the principle of "Qu Xue" in ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$. 2. ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ explained the interdependent relations, interrestraining relations, the relations of subjugation and reverse restriction in illness condition between the five viscera according to the theory of generation, restriction, subjugation and reverse restriction in five elements. ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ united five shu points (五兪穴) with five elements. 3. Zi jing Bu xie according to Xiang Sheng theory is develped from ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ "Xu Ze Bu Qu Mu, Shi Ze Xie Qi Zi"(虛則補其母 實則瀉其子) to ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ , ${\ll}$Zhen Jiu Ju Ying${\gg}$. 4. Ta jing Bu xie according to Xiang Sheng theory is develped from ${\ll}$Tu Zhu Nan Jing${\gg}$ to ${\ll}$Yi Xue Ru Men${\gg}$. 5. The principle of treatment according to Zi-Ta jing Bu xie based Xiang Ke is develped from ${\ll}$The seventy fifth Difficulty Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ to Sa Am Do In(舍岩道人).

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2021

When people enjoy something, they want to be repeated and focus on actions that are rewarded. The same applies to games. The purpose of this study is to ensure that the game continues to enjoy itself over and over again. Based on the artificial reward of the game, two reward methods of the game are studied. It finds Converged Difficulty Reward elements of action game through Confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS.

• 인지과학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2023

본 연구는 인출 연습의 난이도 수준과 범주와 범주 내 자극의 연합강도가 기억억제에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 기존의 연구들은 대부분 인출 연습 범주 내 비 인출 연습 단어의 연합강도나 정서가, 물리적 특성 조작을 통해 같은 인출 연습 동안 떠오르는 정도를 조작해 억제가 이루어지는지 연구되었다. 따라서 인출 연습 시 인출 자극의 인출 정도의 난이도가 달라질 때 어떻게 억제가 발생되는지 연구될 필요성이 있다. 인출의 난이도는 인출 학습 시 제시되는 떠올려야 하는 단어의 자음과 모음의 제시 정도를 통해 어려운 조건, 보통 조건, 쉬운 조건의 세 수준으로 조작되었다. 또한 추가적으로 범주와 범주 내 단어들 간의 연합강도가 조작되었다. 기존의 연구에서는 범주와 범주 내 단어들 간의 연합강도가 강한 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 발생된 반면, 범주와 범주 내 단어들 간의 연합강도가 약한 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 발생되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 인출 난이도에 따라 억제 과정이 다르게 나타날 경우 범주와의 연합강도에 따라 기존의 연구결과와 다르게 나올 가능성을 탐구하였다. 연구 결과 범주와 범주 내 단어들의 연합강도가 강한 조건에서는 인출 난이도가 어려운 조건과 보통 조건에서 인출 유도 망각이 관찰된 반면, 인출 난이도가 쉬운 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 연합 강도가 약한 조건에서는 인출 난이도가 어려운 조건에서 인출 유도 망각의 경향성을 보인 반면, 난이도가 보통 조건과 쉬운 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 인출 난이도에 따라서 기억 억제가 다르게 나타날 가능성이 시사된다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.323-343
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• 2010

본 연구는 고등학교 수학 문제의 난이도 예측에 있어 객관적인 방법이 아닌 주관적인 방법으로 예측할 수 있는 변인을 찾아보며 동시에 문제를 푸는 학생 개개인이 느끼는 어려움이 어떤 변인에 의해 주로 결정되는가를 살펴봄으로써 개별 문항에 대한 정답자의 비율을 살펴보는 정량적인 방법으로 분석되는 난이도를 문제를 푸는 학생 개인이 느끼는 난이도의 측면에서 분석해보고자 하였다. 고등학교 3학년 학생 6명을 2명 또는 3명의 팀으로 편성하여 3월에서 5월까지 3개월간 총 11회에 걸쳐 문제풀이 과정을 관찰하고 반구조화된 면담을 통해 학생 개개인이 느끼는 곤란함이 어떤 요인에 의한 것인가를 분석하여, 문항의 난이도는 내용 제재의 생소성, 행동영역, 문형, 문제의 복잡도 등의 요인에 의해 결정됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2007

본 고는 5년 간의 고등학교 연합학력평가자료 분석을 통하여 수리영역의 난이도 예측요인을 분석하였다. 난이도 예측을 위한 통계적 모형을 산출하기 위하여 먼저 문항분석을 통해 수리영역의 난이도 예측에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되는 주요 변인들을 '내용영역', '행동영역', '문항의 형식' 등의 범주에 따라 추출하였다. 추출된 독립 변인들에 대하여 단계선택방법을 사용한 다중회귀분석을 실시함으로써 정답률 예측에 유의미한 변수들을 선택하였으며, 교차 타당도를 통하여 최종적으로 선택된 예측 모형이 독립적으로 수집된 자료에 대하여 어느 정도의 설명력을 보이는지 검증하였다. 본 연구는 대학수능시험 출제나 현장에서 수리영역의 평가문항을 개발하는데 있어서 사전 정답률을 예측하는데 있어 고려해야 할 요인을 제시함으로써 보다 정확한 정답률 예측에 필요한 기초정보를 제공하는데 그 의의를 두고 있다.