• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.221-244
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• 2024

This study examines how the independence of monetary policy changes in situations where the interest rate differential between domestic and foreign rates inverts, utilizing the trilemma indices. For analysis, this paper uses the trilemma indices developed by Kim et al. (2017) to analyze the relationship between the monetary policy independence index and the other two trilemma indices, namely the capital account openness index and the exchange rate stability index, across 45 countries from 2002 to 2018. The analysis reveals that the trilemma's validity is contingent. In particular, no statistically significant negative correlation was found between the monetary policy independence index and exchange rate stability index during periods of interest rate differential inversion. A positive correlation emerges between exchange rate stability and the independence of monetary policy, particularly when the inverted interest rate differential exceeds a certain threshold. This situation, where the exchange rate remains stable despite low domestic interest rates, implies that the central bank is effectively managing monetary policy to appropriately respond to economic conditions, which is reflected in the monetary policy independence index.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1379-1392
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• 2018

차분선형 분석의 복잡도는 라운드 독립성, 선형 근사식 독립성, 차분 경로를 만족하지 못하는 경로에 대한 균일성 가정 아래 계산되는 차분선형 특성의 확률에 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 차분선형 특성의 정확한 확률을 계산하는 것은 공격의 유효성과 관련된 매우 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문은 차분선형 분석을 위한 새로운 개념 DLCT(Differential-Linear Connectivity Table)를 제안한다. 그리고 DLCT를 적용하여 선형 근사식 독립성 가정을 완화할 수 있는 차분선형 특성의 향상된 확률 계산 방법을 제안하며, DES와 SERPENT에 적용하여 기존 분석결과를 재분석한다. DES의 7-라운드 차분선형 특성의 확률은 $1/2+2^{-5.81}$, SERPENT의 9-라운드 차분선형 특성의 확률은 $1/2+2^{-57.9}$로 다시 계산되었고 공격에 필요한 데이터 복잡도는 각각 $2^{0.2}$, $2^{2.2}$배 감소한다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2006

Two No Spin Differential(NSD) models were benchmarked for a project of Dual-Use Technology. The Axiomatic approach is utilized to evaluate the designs of the models. The Independence Axiom is satisfied at the top level of design but not at the second level, which implies the design exhibits coupling and will admit design improvements. The detailed process of design evaluation is described. It is shown that it is possible to develop a unique and evolutionary NSD design by solving the problems that cause coupling within two models.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.619-632
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• 2020

Highly dispersive S-boxes are desirable in cryptosystems as nonlinear confusion sublayers for resisting modern attacks. For a near optimal cryptosystem resistant to modern cryptanalysis, a highly nonlinear and low differential probability (DP) value is required. We propose a method based on a piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) with optimization conditions. Thus, the linear propagation of information in a cryptosystem appearing as a high DP during differential cryptanalysis of an S-box is minimized. While mapping from the chaotic trajectory to integer domain, a randomness test is performed that justifies the nonlinear behavior of the highly dispersive and nonlinear chaotic S-box. The proposed scheme is vetted using well-established cryptographic performance criteria. The proposed S-box meets the cryptographic performance criteria and further minimizes the differential propagation justified by the low DP value. The suitability of the proposed S-box is also tested using an image encryption algorithm. Results show that the proposed S-box as a confusion component entails a high level of security and improves resistance against all known attacks.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.795-801
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• 2006

A No Spin Differential (NSD) design has been improved from evaluation of two NSD models utilizing the axiomatic approach. New design parameters of the second level are developed to satisfy the independence axiom. The design matrices are determined to decouple the relationship between design parameters and process parameters. The values of process parameters are then determined to optimize and improve the NSD design. Consequently a unique and evolutionary NSD design is achieved with the aid of the axiomatic approach.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1651-1672
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• 2023

In 2010, Li-Ye [13, Theorem 0.1] proved that P(ζ(z), ζ'(z), . . . , ζ^(m)(z), Γ(z), Γ'(z), Γ"(z)) ≢ 0 in ℂ, where m is a non-negative integer, and P(u₀, u₁, . . . , u_m, v₀, v₁, v₂) is any non-trivial polynomial in its arguments with coefficients in the field ℂ. Later on, Li-Ye [15, Theorem 1] proved that P(z, Γ(z), Γ'(z), . . . , Γ⁽ⁿ⁾(z), ζ(z)) ≢ 0 in z ∈ ℂ for any non-trivial distinguished polynomial P(z, u₀, u₁, . . ., u_n, v) with coefficients in a set L_δ of the zero function and a class of nonzero functions f from ℂ to ℂ ∪ {∞} (cf. [15, Definition 1]). In this paper, we prove that P(z, ζ(z), ζ'(z), . . . , ζ^(m)(z), Γ(z), Γ'(z), . . . , Γ⁽ⁿ⁾(z)) ≢ 0 in z ∈ ℂ, where m and n are two non-negative integers, and P(z, u₀, u₁, . . . , u_m, v₀, v₁, . . . , v_n) is any non-trivial polynomial in the m + n + 2 variables u₀, u₁, . . . , u_m, v₀, v₁, . . . , v_n with coefficients being meromorphic functions of order less than one, and the polynomial P(z, u₀, u₁, . . . , u_m, v₀, v₁, . . . , v_n) is a distinguished polynomial in the n + 1 variables v₀, v₁, . . . , v_n. The question studied in this paper is concerning the conjecture of Markus from [16]. The main results obtained in this paper also extend the corresponding results from Li-Ye [12] and improve the corresponding results from Chen-Wang [5] and Wang-Li-Liu-Li [23], respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9791-9795
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• 2014

To study the gene expression change and possible signal pathway during androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) becoming androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), an LNCaP cell model of AIPC was established using flutamide in combination with androgen-free environment inducement, and differential expression genes were screened by microarray. Then the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway of differential expression genes are analyzed by Molecule Annotation System (MAS). By comparison of 12,207 expression genes, 347 expression genes were acquired, of which 156 were up-ragulated and 191 down-regulated. After analyzing the biological process and molecule function of differential expression genes, these genes are found to play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differntiation, cell cycle control, protein metabolism and modification and other biological process, serve as signal molecules, enzymes, peptide hormones, cytokines, cytoskeletal proteins and adhesion molecules. The analysis of KEGG show that the relevant genes of AIPC transformation participate in glutathione metabolism, cell cycle, P53 signal pathway, cytochrome P450 metabolism, Hedgehog signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, adipocytokines signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, TGF-${\beta}$ signal pathway and JAK-STAT signal pathway. In conclusion, during the process of ADPC becoming AIPC, it is not only one specific gene or pathway, but multiple genes and pathways that change. The findings above lay the foundation for study of AIPC mechanism and development of AIPC targeting drugs.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2008

T Abstract This study investigates the influence of differential factors on learner satisfaction by field-independent learning style in e-learning. Most of data were collected from students. Participants were classified based on a learning style typology (field-independent/dependent) and, then, analyzed was the influence of key factors on learner satisfaction using multiple regression analysis. This study suggests that e-Learning service providers need to differentiate learners based on learning style in order to improve learner satisfaction. Specially, Field independent learners are more likely to be satisfied by the teacher's provide degree of joyful, degree of contents, degree of learning control pacing, ability of problem solving and consistency.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.198-207
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• 2023

Responding to changes in artificial intelligence models and the data environment is crucial for increasing data-learning accuracy and inference stability of industrial applications. A learning model that is overfitted to specific training data leads to poor learning performance and a deterioration in flexibility. Therefore, an early stopping technique is used to stop learning at an appropriate time. However, this technique does not consider the homogeneity and independence of the data collected by heterogeneous nodes in a differential network environment, thus resulting in low learning accuracy and degradation of system performance. In this study, the generalization performance of neural networks is maximized, whereas the effect of the homogeneity of datasets is minimized by achieving an accuracy of 99.7%. This corresponds to a decrease in delay time by a factor of 2.33 and improvement in performance by a factor of 2.5 compared with the conventional method.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.617-626
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• 2009

최근에 보고되는 일련의 연구는 Affymetrix 마이크로어레이 자료에서 유전자간 상관관계가 강하고 장범위(長範圍)(long-ranged)로 나타나고 있으며, 기존의 "편한" 가정, 즉 유전자간 상관관계가 매우 약하며, 따라서 유전자간 유사 독립성을 가정할 수 있다는 주장이 비현실적이라는 것을 보고하고 있다. Qui 등 (2005b)은 각 유전자의 검정통계량을 병합하여 통계적 추론을 하는 이른바 비모수적 경험적 베이즈 방법을 적용하면 검색된 특이발현 유전자수의 분산이 커진다는 것을 보고하고 있고, 이러한 분산의 불안전성 이유로서 유전자간 강한 상관관계를 지적하고 있다. 또한 Klebanov와 Yakovlev (2007)는 유전자간 상관관계가 통계적 분석을 어렵게 하는 요인이라기 보다는 유용한 정보의 원천이고 적정한 변환을 통하여 근사 독립을 유지할 수 있는 급수를 만들 수 있으며 이 급수를 ${\delta}$-급수라고 불렀다. 본 보고에서는 국내에서 생산된 2조의 cDNA 마이크로어레이 자료에서 유전자간 상관관계가 비교적 강하며, 장범위(長範圍)로 나타나는 것을 확인하며, 유사 독립성을 전제할 수 있는 ${\delta}$-급수가 cDNA 마이크로어레이에서도 발견되는 것을 보고하고자 한다, 동 보고는 추후 cDNA 마이크로어레이 자료의 분석에서도 유전자간 상관관계를 고려하여야 함을 강조하고 있다.