• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 1998

Freezing-resistant plants can survive subzero temperatures by withstanding extracellular ice formation. During cold acclimation, their leaves accumulate antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that are secreted into the apoplast and have the ability to modify the normal growth of ice crystals. Three barley, two wheat and two rye cultivars were grown under two different temperature regimes (20/16$^{\circ}C$ and 5/2$^{\circ}C$, day/night). Apoplastic proteins from winter cereals were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected with antisera to AFPs from winter rye. Apoplastic proteins accumulated to much higher levels in cold-acclimated (CA) leaves compared with nonacclimated (NA) ones in winter cereals. After cold acclimation, the protein concentration of apoplastic extracts increased significantly from 0.088 $mgmL^{-1}$ to 0.448 $mgmL^{-1}$, with about 5-fold increment. Also, the apoplastic protein content per gram leaf fresh weight in CA leaves ranged from 31 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$ to 120 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$ with an averaged value of 77 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$, and coefficients of variation of 54.9%. The CA leaves in Musketeer (a Canadian winter rye cultivar) showed the greatest AFPs and antifreeze activity followed by 'Geurumil' (a Korean winter wheat cultivar), and 'Dongbori l' (Korean facultative barley cultivar). The proteins secreted into the wheat leaf apoplast at CA condition were more numerous than those observed in winter rye, where two $\beta$-1,3-glucanase-like proteins (GLPs), two chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) and two thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) accumulated during cold acclimation. The proteins in barley leaf apoplast at CA conditions were a little different from those in wheat leaves. The AFPs were various among and within species. More freezing-resistant cultivars had more clear and numerous bands than less freezing-resistant ones. The high determination coefficient ($R^2$ =91 %) between freezing resistance and AFPs per gram leaf fresh weight indicated that the amount of AFPs was highly related to freezing resistance in winter cereal crops.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2005

Effective micropropagation system via somatic embryognesis was established for a Phytophthora resistant Aralia elata cultivar. Different kinds of growth regulators were needed to induce embryogenic callus with different explant sources. When leaf explants were used, a combination of 2,4-D, TDZ and L-glutamine was needed, whereas when petiole and root explants needed only 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus induction rate under the optimum culture condition was 75.0%, 67.0% and 83.0% from leaf, petiole and root segment, respectively. Somatic embryo germination and plantlet conversion rate appeared to be influenced greatly by various osmoticums. More than 90% of embryos germinated when treated with sucrose, glucose and maltose. However, the highest conversion rate (72%) was recorded on medium with 2% sucrose only. The converted plantlets grew normally on 1/2MS basal medium, were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture and survived more than 95% in the greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the species can be clonally propagated through in vitro culture system via somatic embryogenesis.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.197-201
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate cut flower quality bulb circumference and cultivars affecting 7 different cultivars to produce high quality cut flower lilies. To determine the effects of bulb circumference on growth and cut flower quality of 7 different cultivars, Lilium oriental hybrid 'Chilli', 'Ismael', 'Medusa', 'Mother's Choice', 'Siberia', 'Sorbonne', and 'Yelloween' were tested. After cut flower quality experiment, the highest 1st flower bud length and cut flower height were 'Medusa' and 'Mother's Choice' respectively. Most plants had over $30^{\circ}$ stem bending angle except for 'Mother's Choice', and 'Ismael'. The study shows that the bigger bulb circumference has the better 1st peduncle diameter, inflorescence length, stem diameter, number of flowers, and fresh weight. Bulb circumference affects the 1st flower bud length, cut flower height and number of flowers. Stem bending angle, however, is affected by neither bulb circumference nor cultivar. In conclusion, growth, cut flower quality and vase life were affected by the bulb circumference rather than cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.328-331
• /
• 2000

Maize (Zea mays L. cv. kosungjaerae and cv. youngwoljaerae) seeds were irradiated with the dose of $0.5{\sim}20$ Gy by $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-ray$ radiation to investigate the effect of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation on the germination rate, early growth and yield. The low dose radiation was able to improve the germination rate and early growth in maize, but the optimal radiation doses were different depended on kinds of cultivars. High stimulatory effect in early growth of maize was observed in 2 Gy irradiation group of kosungjaerae cultivar and in 12 Gy irradiation group of youngwoljaerae cultivar. The optimal radiation dose for the enhancement of yield and yield components in maize was 8 Gy in kosungjaerae cultivar and $4{\sim}12$ Gy in youngwoljaerae cultivar.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.135-138
• /
• 2015

'Daejang 3ho' is a new cultivar of oyster mushroom for high productivity than that of Chunchu 2ho. This cultivar was bred by Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains isolated from 'Daejang 1ho' and dikaryotic strain 'Jangan 5ho'. The color of pileus and the shape of pileus of new cultivar were dark gray and deeply funnel shape, respectively. The length and thickness of stipe were longer and thicker than those of Chunchu 2ho. It took 4~5 days to formation of primordia, that was a similar to Chunchu 2ho. The optical temperature of fruit body was $14-17^{\circ}C$. Yield of 'Daejang 3ho' was 13.9% higher than that of Chunchu 2ho. Analysis of RAPD by URP-primer of #03, #08, #10 and #11 showed that different band pattern those of other strains. There were no significant differences between the texture properties of 'Daejang 3ho' and Chunchu 2ho.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.12-12
• /
• 2017

Genetic improvement in potato can be carried out through several approaches, as sexual crosses, somatic hybridization, mutation and genetic engineering. Although the approach is different, but the goal is the same, to get a superior cultivar. Mutation and genetic engineering are very interesting methods for genetic improvement of potato plants. Mutation by gamma-ray irradiation have been performed to get some new potato cultivars which are more resistant to disease and have higher productivity. We have carried out a mutation of some potato cultivars and obtained some excellent clones to be potentially released as new superior cultivars. By the mutation method, we have released one potato cultivar for the French fries industry, and we registered one cultivar of potato for chips, and two cultivar for vegetable potatoes. Actually we are doing multi-location trial for three clones to be released as new cultivars. Through genetic engineering, several genes have been introduced into the potato plant, and we obtained several clones of transgenic potato plants. Transgenic potato plants containing FBPase gene encoding for fructose bisphosphatase, have a higher rate of photosynthesis and higher tuber productivity than non-transgenic plants. This result suggests that FBPase plays an important role in increasing the rate of photosynthesis and potato tuber productivity. Some transgenic potatoes containing the Hd3a gene are currently being evaluated for their productivity. Over expression of the Hd3a gene is expected to increase tuber productivity and induce flowering in potatoes. Transgenic potato plants containing MmPMA gene encoding for plasma membrane ATPse are more tolerant to low pH than non-transgenic plants, indicating that plasma membrane ATPase plays an important role in the potato plant tolerance to low pH stress. Transgenic potato plants containing c-lysozyme genes, are highly tolerant of bacterial wilt diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and bacterial soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum. Expression of c-lyzozyme gene plays an important role in increasing the resistance of potato plants to bacterial diseases.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out in order to determine the biological activities such as antioxidant activities in nine cultivars of Momordica charantia L. (Korea, China, Japan and Philippine native cultivars). Their antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, and Nitrite scavenging ability. The highest total polyphenol content (16.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) measured in the native Korea cultivar, and this value was 4.0 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ higher than that of the 'Verde Beuhas' cultivar (12.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The 'Peacock' cultivar had the highest total flavonoid amount which was 4.38 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the highest in the native China cultivar ($RC_{50}$ = 102.6 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). ABTS cation radical scavenging activity according to cultivars was significantly higher in 'Peacock'. Nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remarkable effect at the pH 1.2, exhibited to 81.5${\sim}$86.9% by addition of ethanol extract 1${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ from Momordica charantia L. These results suggest that Momordica charantia L. had the potent biological activities, and that their activities exhibited differently depending on cultivars.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.198-201
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to develope new zoysiagrass cultivar Semil' (Registration no. 1749). Artificial crossing between the collected lines of typical Z. matrella, NM1 (collected in South Korea) and the different ecotype of Z. matrella, ASm (collected in South Korea) was made to develop a F1 hybrid plant (NM1 ${\times}$ ASm). Among the 30 progenies, (NM1 ${\times}$ ASm)-1 (Semil) showed superior performance in density rating. 'Semil' showed genetically light green color, with narrow leaf width ($2.7{\pm}0.12mm$), and low plant height ($10.3{\pm}3.7cm$), Length to lowest leaf blade of this cultivar was $1.8{\pm}0.15cm$, which may allow low mowing height upto 12 mm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the different cutting dates on the changes of feed quality among five cereals (barley, wheat, rye, triticale and oat) for whole crop silage. Field trials were conducted at paddy field in Yesan, Chungnam Province and the aerial parts were clipped 10 days from 15 March to 15 June. Changes of acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in relation to different cutting dates was described by a quadratic curve for 5 winter cereals crops. ADF content reached a maximum at 5 days after heading in barley cultivar 'Youngyang', 7 days in wheat 'Keumkang', 18 days in rye 'Gogu', 1 days in triticale 'Shinyoung' and 10 days in oat 'Samhan'. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were linearly increased as growing after overwintering and stagnated or slightly decreased after heading. The crude protein were linearly decreased throughout the growth period of 5 whole crop cereals. Digestible dry matter (DDM) content were decreased from early stages to heading and subsequently increased as grain filling. Relative feed value (RFV) for 5 crops were decreased as growing and subsequently increased as grain filling after heading. Barley cultivar for only forage use 'Youngyang' were lower at ADF and NDF content and higher at DDM and RFV after heading than those of other cereals for forage use. So, barley for whole crop silage was a good crop with high feed quality and high proportion of spikes compared with other winter cereal crops. Wheat cultivar for grain 'Keumkang' were higher at crude protein than those of other four cereals from overwintering to maturing and were higher at DDM and RFV after heading than those of rye, triticale and oat. Rye cultivar with cold tolerant and high fresh yielding 'Gogu' were highest at ADF and NDF content and lowest at DDM content and RFV. So, rye was a crop with low quality for forage use compared to other winter cereal crops. Triticale cultivar with flourishing and high yielding 'Shinyoung' was intermediated between barley and rye, and were linearly increased at DDM yield by different cutting dates. Oat cultivar with cold tolerant and high tillering 'Samhan' were lower at ADF and NDF content and higher at crude protein before heading, but after heading, there are not especially advantages compared to barley, wheat or triticale.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to develop the most effective method in promoting onion set in cultivars 'Josaengsseondebol' and 'Daeji' for all year-round production. This was done by extending the day length for 41 days. For both cultivars, the period to reach the maximum number of leaves developed was shortened as the exposure to day length increased. Between the two cultivars, 'Josaengsseondebol' reaches its maximum leaf formation for a shorter duration compared with 'Daeji'. In effect to bulb size, cultivar 'Josaengsseondebol' having a night break of 1, 2, and 16 hours light condition had better bulb enlargement compared with the non-treated bulbs. In the case of cultivar 'Daeji', only bulbs exposed to a night break of 2 and 16 hours light condition had better bulb enlargement. The percentage of marketable set yield in cultivar 'Josaengsseondebol' having a night break of 1 hr, 2 hrs, 16 hrs light condition, and control or untreated bulbs were 84%, 92%, 90%, and 6% respectively. In the case of cultivar 'Daeji', treated with a night break of 1 hr, 2 hrs, 16 hrs light condition, and untreated bulbs had a percentage marketable set yield of 7%, 55%, 64%, and 0% respectively. Based on these results, it is therefore concluded that night break treatment is considered to be effective method in promoting off-season onion set cultivation in cultivar 'Josaengsseondebol'.