• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.255-272
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to examine the effects of brain gym on elementary school children's self-regulated ability and self-esteem. The subjects were 60 students in grade 4 who had been randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. Prior to the experimental treatment, pretests such as self-regulated ability test by Hong Ki-Chil and self-esteem test by Coopersmith were administered. And then experimental group was treated with brain gym, while control group was no treated. The treatment lasted for 8weeks, each day consisting of 25minutes. In order to test the effectiveness of the brain gym, posttests were administered after treatment. The results were analyzed by using t-test. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The posttest score of experimental group showed higher than that of control group in self-regulated ability. But the difference was not statistically significant. 2. In experimental group, the posttest score showed higher than the pretest score in self-regulated ability. The difference was statistically significant. 3. The posttest score of experimental group showed higher than that of control group in self-esteem. The difference was statistically significant. 4. In experimental group, the posttest score showed higher than the pretest score in self-esteem. The difference was statistically significant, especially in academic self-esteem. The above results could be taken as the indication that the brain gym could be applied in school settings to promote the higher self-regulated ability and self-esteem.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2003

Purpose: This study analyzed the effects of meridian massage on the muscle power, ROM, and ADL in persons with cerebral palsy. Method: A non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design was used. The data were collected from August to October, 2000 from 10 persons with cerebral palsy (a control group of 5 and an experimental group of 5). Muscle power was evaluated with the Brunnstrom-Dennen gravity test, ROM with a goniometer, and ADL with a self developed ADL scale. T-test, repeated measure ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Result: The results are; 1. For muscle power, both time series group difference (F=10.66, p=0.000) and the total period group difference (F=72.67, p=0.000) were significant between the two groups. 2. ROM was not significantly different between the two groups. 3. For ADL, both time series group difference (F=7.09, p=0.001) and total period group difference (F=35.99, p=0.000) were significant between the two groups. Conclusion: Overall, this study shows that Meridian massage is effective for muscle power, ROM, and ADL in persons with cerebral palsy person. So it can be used to develope effective nursing programs to improve the function of motion of persons with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.31-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan. Data were collected by 56 anthropometric 11 photoraphic measurements and 41 body indices. 56 anthropometric measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and method of Duncan-test as Multiple Range Test among 6 grade groups and then total 108 measurments were analyzed by statistical data processing. The results are as followings: 1, In Duncan-test boys were significantly different in most of height and length items but were not significantly different in main items for clothing construction among 1.2/3.4/5.6 grades so that the period of elementary school age were divided with 3 periods. 2. According to increase school age most of item's means increased gradually and personal difference for each items increased too. In case of height and length items the items of lower half were greater than the items of upper half in personal difference and depth items were greater than the breadth items in personal difference. And weight and angle items were very great personal difference is specially.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.152-160
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elastic band based of PNF pattern on the U/E function in the spinal cord injury patient. 11 subjects with spinal cord injury participated in this study. They took elastic band excercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. One time excercise spent 35minutes. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by Cybex 6000, BTE Work Simulator, how many seconds they needed to walk 100 meters. 11 cases were examined before, after 8 week, elastic band excercise. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Isokinetic power by Cybex 6000 : The elbow flexion, shoulder flexion and extension were significant difference between test-retest(p<.05). but elbow extension were not significant difference between test-retest. 2. BTE Work Simulator : Wheelchair Propulsion and Steering Torque were significant difference between test-retest(p<.05). 3. Wheelchair Propulsion velocity : There were significant difference between test-retest(p<.05). The findings suggest that SCI patients can improve their Isokinetic power on shoulder and elbow joint, wheelchair propulsion and Steering Torque by BTE Work Simulator, Wheelchair Propulsion velocity through elastic band based of PNF pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2019

The number of newly constructed traditional Korean houses, i.e., Hanoks, and light-frame buildings is increasing. However, related research is limited owing to the lack of awareness regarding safety evaluations. Therefore, this study conducted an outdoor exposure test to accurately evaluate wooden constructions. Spruce, pine, and fir (SPF) material was monitored for a year, wherein the SPF material was artificially dried under 18% moisture content, and its physical properties and color differences were measured once a month. Large differences were observed in the material's weight and moisture content, which are indexes sensitive to daily range and rainfall; however, no significant difference was found for other basic properties in the pre and post test results. Herein, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values represent color differences; these values exhibited a general decrease after the test. Such differences were attributed to the loss of lignin in the wood. The color difference value was high between the months of May and July, when the daily range and rainfall significantly fluctuated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the $a^*$ value (redness indicator), daily range, rainfall, and ultraviolet index. The results indicated that the daily range influenced redness the most. According to the estimated regression equation, the daily range and redness are positively correlated. Based on the results, the types and influence of independent variables on color difference are expected to change as the wood's duration of outdoor exposure and the amount of data obtained both increase.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neck stabilization exercise combined with vibroacoustic sound on patients with chronic neck pain and tension-type headache. Design: Two group pre test - post test design. Methods: 36 patients participated. Headache impact test-6(HIT-6), numerical rating scale(NRS) and muscle characteristics were measured at pre-post test. Participants divided into vibroacoustic sound group(VSG, n=18), control group(CG, n=18). VSG performed neck stabilization exercise and vibroacoustic sound stimulation. CG performed neck stabilization exercise. Both groups participated 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. Results: NRS showed a significant difference before and after intervention in both groups (p<0.05). HIT-6 showed a significant difference before and after intervention in the VSG group (p<0.05). Muscle tone showed a significant difference before and after intervention in the experimental group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle stiffness and muscle elasticity before and after the intervention in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, it is thought that sonic vibroacoustic sound can be established as an effective treatment tool through a study applied to various diseases and symptoms.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.588-594
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of making an origami crane on the improvement of hand dexterity. Subjects composed of 20 normal adult males were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 10 people respectively. For the experimental group, a training of making an origami crane was conducted for 40 to 50 minutes a day during a 4-week training period. The control group was made to engage in everyday activities as usual. For pre and post assessment, Groove Pegboard test, Purdue Pegboard Test, and Jebsen Hand Function Test were used. The results on the effects of making an origami crane showed that there was a statistically significant difference in both the Grooved Pegboard test and Purdue Pegboard test(p<.05). In the Jebsen hand function Test, a significant difference was found in handwriting and building pieces of chess(p<.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in comparison with the right hand during the average performance of picking up small stuffs. The activity of making an origami crane for normal adults was confirmed to be helpful to improve the hand dexterity. Accordingly, making an origami crane is suggested to be an effective way to improve the hand dexterity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the difference in species of test fish on the determination of short-term bioconcentration factor in zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio), red sword tail(Xiphophorus hellieri) and goldfish(Carassius auratus). Experimental concentrations of carbamates were 0.05 and 0.10 ppm and chlorothalonil were 0.005 and 0.01 ppm for 3 and 5 days, respectively. This paper reports the measured BCF value on pesticides in various species of test fish, under steady state, and examined correlation between the BCF value and depuration rate constant or LC$_{50}$ or lipid content. Carbamates and chlorothalonil concentration in fish extract and BCF of carbamate and chlorothalonil were increased as incresing test concentration. Carbamates concentration in fish extract and BCF of carbamate were decreased as incresing test period, but chlorothalonil concentration in fish extract and BCF of chlorothalonil were increased as prolonging test period. Determined pesticide concentration in fish extract and BCF were highest in red sword tail, and followed by goldfish, and zebrafish. Determined depuration rate constant were highest in zebrafish, and followed by goldfish, and red sword tail. 96hr-LC$_{50}$ were highest in red sword tail, and followed by zebrafish, and goldfish. Lipid compositions were highest in red sword tail, and followed by goldfish, and zebrafish. Therefore, it is suggested that the difference of BCF between each pesticide due to those of lipid composition of fish and deputation rate constant, while LC$_{50}$ have no effect on BCF.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to compare the balance performance with 44 children, who aged 6 and 7years old by means of the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance(PCTSIB), second is to determine whether age and gender-relatad difference were present, third is to found correlation of weight, height with duration of balance performance. All subjects were performed with different foot position that were feet-together, heel-toes. The starting position was that subject placed their hands on the hips. The results of each test were measured by stop watch. These collected data were analyzed by using oneway ANOVA, Sheffe test t-test and correlation. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. There were all significiant difference is all instances except condition 4 with heel-toes(p<0.05). The duration of balance performance of 7-year-olds group was more increased than 6-year-olds group. 2. There was statistically significiant difference in all instances by gender(p<0.05). 3. There was no correlation between weight or height duration of balance performance (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2004

This study is a basic experiment on quality management of the compression strength of high strength concrete, aiming. at quality management of high strength mass concrete by giving the temperature hysteresis of the mass test pieces to managerial test pieces. Different from ordinary concrete, high strength concrete generally shows the temperature high rising caused by hydration heat inside the concrete. It is known that, in mass concrete, thermal stress occurs due to the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside, which causes a significant difference in compression strength between structure beams and managerial test pieces. It is also reported that there is a large difference between the compression strength of cylindrical managerial test pieces of standard underwater curing and the strength of structure beam concrete. Thus, this study made concrete test pieces in an optimal mix ratio for each strength level, and also created thermal insulation curing box and managerial test pieces. Then it carried out comparative analysis in relation to core strength and suggested equipment and a technique that can control the strength of high strength concrete mass more conveniently and accurately.