• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2012

Using a single-line pulsed laser beam is well known as a useful noncontact method to generate a directional surface acoustic wave. In this method, different laser beam energy profiles produce different waveforms and frequency characteristics. In this paper, we considered two typical kinds of laser beam energy profiles, Gaussian and square-like, to find out a difference in the frequency characteristics. To achieve this, mathematical models were proposed first for Gaussian laser beam profile and square-like respectively, both of which depended on the laser beam width. To verify the theoretical models, experimental setups with a cylindrical lens and a line-slit mask were respectively designed to produce a line laser beam with Gaussian spatial energy profile and square-like. The frequency responses of the theoretical models showed good agreement with experimental results in terms of the existence of harmonic frequency components and the shift of the first peak frequencies to low.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the sensibility images when the direction and width of stripes change on semi-tight skirts. The researcher made 12 stimuli consisting of images of skirts with a combination of six stripe directions and two stripe widths. The images were assessed by 126 subjects who were students majoring in apparel. Three sensibility image factors were found: personality, attractiveness, and activity. Images of skirts with different stripe directions were perceived as having significant differences among these factors. Stripe widths of 1.5cm and 3cm in upward diagonal, vertical side line, and downward diagonal directions influenced the personality factor. Diagonal stripes with a width of 1.5cm positively influenced attractiveness and activity. Stripes in a vertical direction increased attractiveness when the stripe width was 1.5cm rather than 3cm. Although the interaction of stripe direction and width significantly influenced perceptions of attractiveness and activity in images of semi-tight skirts, they did not significantly influence personality. In accordance with the analysis, stripe direction was significantly different for all factors. This analysis indicated that each factor has its own independent influence. Stripe width had major independent effects, showing significance in attractiveness and activity. However, personality did not indicate any significant difference. The results of this study will help women select suitable clothing according to their individual preferences and body shapes by influencing how images are depicted because women will be able to use the images to estimate their body images when the skirts are put on.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 1991

Impression ragistration is an improtant and difficult phase of prosthodontic treatment procedures and a tray of appropriate size and shape is essential to obtain the accurate impression. Particularly, in edentulous patients, the size and forms of their residual alveolar ridges are different from one another. Therefore, in this study, various measurements were taken on the edentulous models. And the measurements were analyzed and compared with one another. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean of denture bearing area was $32.86cm^2$ in the upper jaws, $24.20cm^2$ in the lower jaws and the variation of denture bearing area was greater in the upper than in the lower jaws and in males than in females. 2. The mean of A-P(anteroposterior) ridge length was 48.72mm in the upper jaws, 53.05mm in the lower jaws and that of males was longer than that of females. 3. The mean of most posterior ridge width was 47.23mm in the upper jaws, 58.03mm in the lower jaws and the difference of that between males and females was least in both jaws. 4. In the upper jaws, the mean of ridge width was 29.66mm on anterior 1/4, 42.79mm on middle, 48.95mm on posterior 1/4 line and the mean of palatal height was 4.56mm on anterior 1/4, 10.01mm on middle, 10.84mm on posterior 1/4 line. 5. In the lower jaws, the mean of ridge width was 33.24mm on anterior 1/4, 50.19mm on middle, 59.16mm on posterior 1/4 line and the mean of lingual ridge height was 5.49mm on anterior 1/4, 9.16mm on middle, 16.72mm on posterior 1/4 line. 6. The correlation coefficient(=r) between denture bearing area and A-P ridge length was 0.83 in the upper jaws and 0.75 in the lower jaws. The corelation between denture bearing area and AP ridge length was statistically significant, but, between denture bearing area and A-P ridge length and between A-P ridge length and the most posterior ridge width was not statistically significant in both jaws. 7. Alveolar ridge forms were classified into three(ovoid, "u" shape, and "v"shape) categories. In the upper jaws, ovoid was 66%, "u" shape was 24%, and "v" shape was 10%, in the lower jaws, ovoid was 66.7%, "u" shape was 20%, and "v" shape was 13.3%.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2015

This paper proposes knit slacks patterns by lower body shape of middle-aged women. In addition, this paper aims to propose a design method for a prototype of nice knit slacks using the properties of knitwear. To select basic woven slack patterns which would be used in designing prototype of knit slacks for middle-aged women, two industrial slack patterns and two educational slack patterns were collected, and lab coats were prefabricated using muslin. Then, a shape test was performed by an evaluation board which consisted of eight experts who majored in Clothing Construction. Using blended yarn (1/17's) with 64% wool, 23% rayon and 13% nylon, 12G knit slacks in plain stitch were made. In terms of waist circumference of knit slacks, the front and the back were set to W/4+1+2(D) and W/4-1+2(D), respectively, with 1cm of difference using waist circumference (Omphalion) to cover the abdominal circumference. To make the front-back width of the side line even, the front waist circumference was increased by 1cm. The ease of hip circumference was set to 4cm in total with H/4+1+0.8 in front and H/4+1-0.8 in the back (0.8cm in difference). Crotch length was set by adding 3cm (width of waist belt) after deducting crotch height from waist height (Omphalion). The center front angle was shifted by 1cm while the center back angle was shifted from the center front to the side line by 5cm.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.817-827
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was designed 1) to compare the perception of dental professionals and lay people with respect to minor variations in maxillary anterior tooth size and alignment and their relation to the surrounding soft tissues, and 2) to evaluate the normal tooth-gingiva topographical relationships in periodontally healthy young subjects, Materials and methods : Maxillary anterior teeth were intentionally diagrammed in varying degree of deviation with respect to one of three common anterior esthetic discrepancies including variations in crown length, shape of gingival margin, and length of interproximal contact, 17 images were generated to be preferentially selected by 2 groups consisting of dental professionals and lay people (total of 740). Smiling photographs of 120 dental students who had healthy periodontium were taken and the photographic images were analyzed to be classified as 17 kinds of altered image groups. Results : The results demonstrated noticeable difference between the varying levels of discrepancy. Both group preferred gingival margin of lateral incisor to be 0.5mm lower than that of central incisor. Lay people preferred the gingival margin shape that has 2/9 horizontal component of the crown width, while dental professionals preferred the gingival margin shape that has 1/9 horizontal component of the crown width. Lay people preferred longer length of the interproximal contact (two thirds of the crown length), whereas dental professionals preferred shorter length of the interproximal contact (half of the crown length). Photographic analysis of normal esthetic gingival topography revealed 2/9 horizontal component and short length of the interproximal contact which was of the hybrid nature of the preferences shared by lay people and dental professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that dental professionals and lay people demonstrated significant difference in their preference of dental esthetic components, which may then influence the decision making process by dental professionals with respect to designing the anterior esthetic gingival line.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.947-954
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to find out related factors to obtain the best collar pattern of the women's tailored jacket by analyzing the difference of the shapes between the drafted pattern and that of being stitched. The experimental conditions established are as follows. The position and angle of its break point, the notch and the width of the collar and lapel are kept unchanged. The collar decrease in neckline edge and the top collar larger than the under collar. The crossing point of gorge line is changed to make the collar's roll line straight. When the pattern is changed to make the outline of the lapel straight, the amount of cloth is changed too. According to the experimental conditions, The experimental clothes using muslin were made to. put on the manikin and the suitable methods of making the collar pattern were decided. In order to find out the influence of fabric materials on the jacket' shapes, Three kinds of wool fabrics were used and the results were evaluated. Summary of the research is as follows. When 0.5cm of the neckline edge is shortened, the standing part of the collar has less wrinkles, and its position looks natural and lastly, the material has slightly affected the collar's condition. It is desirable to make the top collar 0.2cm longer than the under collar. But the length should be different according to the fabric material. It it is thick cloth, the length has to be extended. To make the roll line straight, 0.4cm of the crossing point of gorge line should be corrected. The thick cloth needs more correction. To make the lapel's outline straight, it needs outwardly round 0.2cm more and materials make little difference to affect the shape.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-8
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• 2009

Non-contact critical current measurement apparatus was developed using hall probe which measures the magnetic field distribution across the width of superconducting tape. The hall probe consists of 7 independent hall sensors which lie in a line 600 ${\mu}m$. The difference between maximum and minimum magnetic field in the magnetic filed distribution is a main parameter to determine the critical current. As preliminary research, we calculated the magnetic field intensity at the middle sensor, which is a minimum magnetic field and generated by the circular shielding current modeled by Bean model. We confirmed that there are some parameters that affect on the minimum magnetic field; the distance between superconducting layer and hall sensor, the width of superconducting tape, and the critical current distribution across the width of superconducting tape. Among these parameters, the distance between superconducting layer and hall sensor highly influences on the minimum magnetic field.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2011

The pad pitch of modern radio frequency integrated circuits is in the order of few tens of micrometers. Connecting a large number of high-speed I/Os to the outside world with good signal fidelity at low cost is an extremely challenging task. To cope with this requirement, we need reflection-free transmission lines from an on-chip pad to on-board SMA connectors. Such a transmission line is very hard to design due to the difference in on-chip and on-board feature size and the requirement for extremely large bandwidth. In this paper, we propose the use of narrow tracks close to chip and wide tracks away from the chip. This narrow-to-wide transition in width results in impedance discontinuity. A step change in substrate thickness is utilized to cancel the effect of the width discontinuity, thus achieving a reflection-free microstrip. To verify the concept, several microstrips were designed on multilayer FR4 PCB without any additional manufacturing steps. The TDR measurements reveal that the impedance variation is less than 3 ${\Omega}$ for a 50 ${\Omega}$ microstrip and S11 better than -9 dB for the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz when the width changes from 165 ${\mu}m$ to 940 ${\mu}m$, and substrate thickness changes from 100 ${\mu}m$ to 500 ${\mu}m$.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1668-1671
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• 2003

A novel dual-frequency microstrip printed-dipole antenna operating at 5 GHz and 10 GHz is presented. This antenna is designed for wireless and mobile communication. The balance step coplanar strip is used to be a transmission line at the center of dipole with matching impedance at 50 ohm. Using the conductor strip align on the other side of antenna and adjust the width of step coplanar strip line to improved input impedance matching. By modification for matching impedance of dual frequency antenna are not affected to the radiation patterns. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique is applying to analyze the basic characteristic properties such as $S_{11}$ , input impedance , VSWR and radiation patterns. And these parameters are discussed. The analyze problem space are $51{\times}197{\times}175$ cells and cell dimension are ${\Delta}x=0.3\;mm$ and ${\Delta}y={\Delta}z=0.15\;mm$.