• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 2005

During the 1970s, concern arose that cured meats contained high levels of residual nitrite and preformed nitrosamines. Therefore, the search for alternatives and alternative approaches to the use of nitrite have been still continued, however no complete alternative for nitrite has yet been identified. Recently, it was publicized in Korea that nitrite-containing meat products would be detrimental to health, about which consumers have been seriously concerned. Therefore, this study was carried out to inform the consumer of the safety status of nitrite and thereby to lead proper consumption of meat products. For assessing the safety of nitrite, data regarding the regulation for use, metabolism in human body, and dietary intake amounts of nitrite were collected and analyzed. The mean intake level of nitrite for Korean per capita was recently reported to be not more than 1% of ADI set by JECFA. On the contrary, a calculation indicated that the daily nitrite intake per capita from saliva by ingestion of vegetables in Korea would be about 300-fold higher than that from cured meats. In consideration of the low consumption amount of meat products per capita of Korean, that is, at least one fifth, compared to European and American, there is no particular reason to concern about the impairment of health by nitrite intake from meat products for Korean. However, any effort for the reduction of residual nitrite content in cured meats should be given with an idea to minimize the intake of nitrite even from the minor source.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.157-179
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• 2013

본 연구는 저소득층 가정 부모의 심리적 행동적 특성을 살펴보고, 이러한 부모의 특성이 자녀의 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 양부모 가정과 한부모 가정을 비교하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 저소득 가정을 위한 드림스타트 프로그램에 참여한 부모 193명을 대상으로 조사를 실시, 자녀의 문제행동을 측정하였다. 그에 따른 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 심리적 행동적 특성에 있어서는 양부모 가정 부모가 한부모 가정 부모보다 현재 양육 만족도와 양육의 즐거움, 식생활습관, 그리고 긍정양육행동이 높았고, 한부모 가정 부모는 양부모 가정 부모보다 양육스트레스가 높았다. 그러나 자녀의 문제행동에 있어서는 한부모 가정 자녀가 양부모 가정 자녀보다 높았으나 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 다음으로, 저소득층 양부모 자녀는 부모가 양육스트레스가 높을수록 문제행동이 높으며, 자녀관계 만족도가 높을수록 문제행동이 낮았다. 반면에 저소득층 가정 한부모 자녀는 부모가 식생활 습관과 일상생활 만족도가 높을수록 문제행동이 낮으며, 양육스트레스가 높을수록 문제행동이 높았다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 저소득층 자녀의 문제행동 감소와 부모의 양육행동의 강화를 위해서는 부모양육 및 교육 등의 프로그램의 개발과 함께, 부모형태에 따른 다각적인 지원이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2019

Objectives: Reduced glucose utilization in the main parts of the brain involved in memory is a major cause of Alzheimer's disease, in which ketone bodies are used as the only and effective alternative energy source of glucose. This study examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diet supplemented with a ketogenic nutrition drink on cognitive function and physical activity in the elderly at high risk for dementia. Methods: The participants of this study were 28 healthy elderly aged 60-91 years showing a high risk factor of dementia or whose Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was less than 24 points. Over 3 weeks, the case group was given an LCHF diet with nutrition drinks consisting of a ketone/non-ketone ratio of 1.73:1, whereas the control group consumed well-balanced nutrition drinks while maintaining a normal diet. After 3 weeks, K-MMSE, body composition, urine ketone bodies, and physical ability were all evaluated. Results: Urine ketone bodies of all case group subjects were positive, and K-MMSE score was significantly elevated in the case group only (p=0.021). Weight and BMI were elevated in the control group only (p<0.05). Grip strength was elevated in all subjects (p<0.01), and measurements of gait speed and one leg balance were improved only in the case group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that adherence to the LCHF diet supplemented with a ketogenic drink could possibly influence cognitive and physical function in the elderly with a high risk factor for dementia. Further, we confirmed the applicability of this dietary intervention in the elderly based on its lack of any side effects or changes in nutritional status.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2015

한국인의 주식인 쌀 중심의 식사패턴은 다양한 식품군의 섭취와 영양의 균형을 얻을 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 노화과정에서 생리적 기능 저하에 따른 노인기 쉽게 야기될 수 있는 영양의 불균형으로 인한 영양결핍이 쌀을 중심으로 한 식사 패턴이 노인기 근육량에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구 대상자는 2010년 제5기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용한 60세 이상 노인 남녀 각각 658명, 775명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 연구 결과로 특히 남성의 경우, 결혼 및 배우자 유무 그리고 교육 수준에 따라 쌀의 섭취량에 유의적 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 흥미로운 점은 노인기 남녀 모두 쌀 섭취량이 높을수록 더 높은 근육량을 보여주었다. 또한 쌀 섭취가 높을수록 육류 섭취가 낮았고, 다른 곡물, 면류, 만두류, 밀 및 빵에 대한 섭취가 남녀 모두 낮았다. 노인기의 식사패턴에서 쌀 섭취량의 증가가 근감소와 대사관련 위험 요인에 대한 위험도를 낮추어 주었다. 그러나 쌀 섭취량과 포도당 대사의 위험성에 대한 결과는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 노인기에 충분한 쌀 섭취를 통한 식사 패턴은 근감소와 대사증의 위험 지표에 영향을 미친다는 것을 살펴볼 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplements as health functional foods (VM-HFF) and to examine the factors associated with VM-HFF consumption behaviors in adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high schools from various cities and rural communities in Korea participated in this study. The prevalence of VM-HFF consumption was 41.7%, with boys showing a higher consumption than girls (p<0.01). VM-HFF consumption was higher in families with higher socioeconomic status and for families with parents that exhibited higher concerns about their child's health, growth, and nutritional intake (p<0.001). Most consumers of VM-HFF consumed HFFs 'when healthy' (50.1%), and acquired nutritional information from 'their families & relatives' (50.9%). Most consumers responded that VM-HFF was 'a little effective' (54.3%), followed by 'no obvious effects' (37.1%), and 'very effective' (7.4%). The effectiveness of consuming VM-HFF was mainly for 'fatigue recovery' (39.0%) and 'health improvement' (28.2%). Most consumers purchased HFFs at 'pharmacies & oriental medicine clinics' (53.8%) and at 'health functional food stores' (18.8%). Most consumers 'occasionally' (51.1%) or 'seldom' (27.3%) checked nutrition facts when purchasing, with 58.9% of consumers understanding the nutritional label for 'the most part', but only 8.7% of them understanding it 'very well'. Among the VM-HFF, consumers preferred calcium- and vitamin C-supplements. Consumers' mini-dietary assessment scores were higher than those of non-consumers. The results above showed that VM-HFF consumption was widely spread among adolescents, but few consumers checked and understood the nutrition label when they purchased VM-HFF, and were highly dependent on the advice and information from non-professional nutritionists, such as families & relatives. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them read nutrition labels and select the proper VM-HFF.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.767-776
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional improvement of 0~5 year children of financially poor families after nutrition supplement of children and nutrition education in parents/guardians. The subject selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government included 198 children (0~12 months:92, 1~5 years:106), and the average ages were 5.3 months and 2.4 years respectively. Food that includes each nutrient factor was provided to the subject for six months. Nutrition education was performed in two ways, through class and private education, once a month for both. Nutritional improvement was evaluated by body measurement and anemia prevalence rate. As to the survey on breast-feeding, complete breast-feeding accounted for 58.7%, weaning food 27.3%, and combined feeding 14.1% respectively, which shows that breast-feeding accounted for the largest percentage. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents/guardians, which brings in positive effects on growth of children as well. The nutrition knowledge score was improved after nutrition education in 0~12 month children $(8.5\pm1.75\;to\;8.9\pm1.69)$ and 1~5 year children $(7.3\pm1.39\;to\;7.8\pm1.30)$. The nutrition attitude score was significantly improved in 0~12month children $(52.0\pm6.99$ to $53.5\pm5.21$, p < 0.001) and 1~5year children ($45.1\pm7.30$ to $49.0\pm5.96$, p < 0.001). In evaluation on nutritional improvement based on body measurements, it turned out that the wasting was reduced as for children in consideration of the height and weight according to the subject's age. The concentration of hemoglobin after the nutrient treatment for six months was significantly improved, and the anemia prevalence rate as well was reduced from 40.6% to 13.5%, which indicates the significant improvement. Based on the findings above, it turned out that providing quality food to children and nutrition education to the parents/guardians poorly fed in low-income families improved knowledge and attitude of the guardians and prevents anemia and improves growth, which brings in positive effects on growth of children. In the results regarding attitude and knowledge on nutrient/dietary life; however, the improvement level was relatively low when the extent before the education was too small, which indicates the need to revise and complement the contents and methods. In addition, as shown in the result of body measurement, long-term and consistent investigation is necessary since it is difficult to judge the effect on growth only based on short-term nutrient supplement.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to measure and compare nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements and serum indices by percent body fat as one of the index of obesity degree in female college students. Additionally we attempted to investigate percentile distribution of fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) for developing reference values for these two parameters. The subjects were 91 female college students who were classified to 4 groups according to the percentile of percent body fat (Group1: 25 th < percentile of percent body fat, Group 2 : 25 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 50 th, Group 3 : 50 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 75 th, Group 4 : percentile of percent body fat ${\ge}$ 75 th). The mean percent body fat and body mass index were 28.2%, $20.5 kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean energy intake was 1707 kcal(81% of KDRIs) and vitamin C, folate, Ca and Zn intake were 73.9%, 54.7%, 79.6%, 97.5% of KDRIs respectively. Most nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, cholesterol, fatty acid, Ca, Fe) of G4 was lower than that of G1, G2 and G3. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in G4 than G1, G2, G3 and it tended to increase as percent body fat decreased. LDL/HDL, A1 of G4 were significantly the highest among the 4 groups and increased as percent body fat increased. The mean fat free mass index and fat mass index were $14.5 kg/m^2$, $6.0 kg/m^2$ respectively. The criteria of sarcopenic obesity which has been defined as under 25 th percentile of FFMI and below 75 th percentile of FMI were shown $12.8 kg/m^2$, $8.2 kg/m^2$ respectively in this study. In conclusion, we should continue to more systematically research on the studies of new obesity measurement which includes FFMI and FMI as one of the variables. And the public education for weight control that emphasizes both the understanding of body composition and the importance of nutrition balance is also required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2010

Objectives: Plasma lipid profiles and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The knowledge of lipid profile may estimate the potential victims of cardiovascular disease before its initiation and progression and offers the opportunity for primary prevention. The most common ApoE polymorphism has been found to influence plasma lipid concentrations and its correlation with CVD has been extensively investigated in the last decade. Methods: The ApoE polymorphism and its influence on plasma lipid were investigated in healthy woman workers. The information on confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire and ApoE polymorphism was investigated using PCR. Results: The relative frequencies of alleles E2, E3 and E4 for the study population (n = 305) were 0.127, 0.750 and 0.121, respectively. ApoE polymorphism was associated with variations in plasma HDL-cholesterol lipid profile. In order to estimate the independent effects of alleles E2 and E4, as compared with E3, on lipid profile, multiple regression was performed after adjustment for confounding variables such as age, BMI, blood pressure, education status, insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, menopause. ApoE2 had a negative association with HDL cholesterol and ApoE4 had a positive association with LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: This study identified that the ApoE and CVD risk factors contribute to the lipid profiles, similar to other studies. The analysis including dietary intake and other gene in further studies may help to identify clear effects on lipid profiles as risk factor for CVD.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2017

본 연구는 스마트폰 헬스케어 어플리케이션의 수용의도와 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 시행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구에서는 2015년 4월 자가보고식 설문지를 이용하여 20~70대 300명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 최종적으로 285명의 자료가 기술통계, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, hierarchical multiple regression를 이용하여 분석되었다. 연구 결과, 헬스케어 어플리케이션의 수용의도는 점수가능범위 1~5점 중 3.28점이었으며, 연령, 교육 및 경제 수준, 직업 및 질병 여부, 스마트폰 사용 기간 등에 따라 차이가 있었고, 운동실천 정도, 식이 및 스트레스 관리 정도, 스마트폰 및 헬스케어 어플리케이션 사용 만족 정도에 따라 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 연구대상자의 일반적 및 건강관련 특성, 스마트폰 및 헬스케어 어플리케이션 사용 관련요인은 헬스케어 어플리케이션에 대한 수용의도를 45.5% 설명하였으며, 특히 경제수준, 헬스케어 어플리케이션에 대한 인지 만족도와 관심 여부가 수용의도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 확인되었다. 이 연구 결과를 바탕으로 스마트폰 헬스케어 어플리케이션 개발 시 스마트폰 어플리케이션에 대한 사용자의 인지 수준을 높이고 흥미를 이끌어 낼 수 있는 다양한 전략들을 함께 개발 및 적용할 것을 제언하는 바이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.