• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

A study was carried out to determine the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus reuteri BSA-131 by investigating the growth performance and fecal microbial population of piglets. Five dietary treatment groups, the basal diet (control, BD), basal diet with antibiotics(BA), basal diet with 2$\times$106/g of probiotics (BP6), 2$\times$108/g of probiotics (BP8) and basal diet with antibiotics and 2$\times$108/g probiot-ics(BAP8) were divised. Each dietary treatment group was consisted of 1 month of age piglets(male 13, female 12). Fecal micro-flora, body weights and feed consumption were measured at before, after and stop feeding of probiotics. The results showed that the CFU of fecal Enterobacteriaceae of piglets of the group BA, BP6, BP8 and BAP8, were reduced (P<0.05) compared to control BA. On the contrary, Lactobacillus counts were increased significan시 (P<0.001) in all groups fed probiotics dites, but not antibiotics. Body weight of probiotics treated piglets were improved 5% (p<0.001) in BP6 group than that of control group and antibiotic treated piglets BAP group was 27% (P<0.001) higher than BA group. The amount of feed consumption value of probiotics treated piglets showed 21-30% (P<0.001) lower intake than the control group, whereas antibiotic treated piglets BAP was 20% (P<0.001) higher than BA group. The results showed that body weights and feed to gain ratios were improves 19% when compared to control piglets for groups fed diets probiotic. It is very suggestive that productivity of probiotic piglets would be economical in pig farming.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1660-1669
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium) and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, intestinal health, fecal microbiota and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weanling pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $6.3{\pm}0.15kg$ were used in this 28-day trial. Pigs were randomly allocated in 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 levels of probiotics (0 and 500 mg/kg probiotics) and XOS (0 and 200 mg/kg XOS) based on the BW and sex. Results: Administration of probiotics or XOS improved average daily gain (p<0.05) during 0 to 14 d and the overall period, while pigs that were treated with XOS had a greater average daily gain and feed efficiency (p<0.05) compared with unsupplemented treatments throughout 15 to 28 d and the whole experiment. Either probiotics or XOS treatments increased the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients (p<0.05) during 0 to 14 d. No effects on serum profiles were observed among treatments. The XOS increased villus height: crypt depth ratio in jejunum (p<0.05). The supplementation of probiotics (500 mg/kg) or XOS (200 mg/kg) alone improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy on d 14, the activity of trypsin and decreased fecal NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Administration of XOS decreased fecal Escherichia coli counts (p<0.05), while increased lactobacilli (p<0.05) on d 14. There was no interaction between dietary supplementation of probiotics and XOS. Conclusion: Inclusion of XOS at 200 mg/kg or probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium) at 500 mg/kg in diets containing no antibiotics significantly improved the growth performance of weanling pigs. Once XOS is supplemented, further providing of probiotics is not needed since it exerts little additional effects.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four experimental diets were made by supplementation with three Bacillus sp. probiotics (B. subtilis, B. pumilus and B. licheniformis) into a basal diet (control) at 0.5% each. Three-hundred fish (average BW, 20 g) were randomly distributed (25 per tank) into twelve 150 L capacity polyvinyl circular tanks with three replicates per dietary treatment. Triplicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (twice per day, 09:00 and 17:00 h) for nine weeks. After the feeding trial, a challenge test was directly conducted against S. iniae. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with the probiotic, Bacillus sp, seemed to improve growth performance of olive flounder. Hematological parameters and innate immunity as determined by nitroblue tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase or superoxide dismutase activities were not significantly affected by the probiotic supplementation. The result from the challenge test suggested that dietary supplementation with probiotics Bacillus sp. can improve the disease resistance of olive flounder against S. iniae.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2005

Disease associated with microorganisms are far from resolved by current therapeutics. One of effective approach to health maintenance and disease control is the use of dietary bacterial and carbohydrate supplements. This comprises use of probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics mean the live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Prebiotics mean a nondigestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria that can Improve the host health. Especially, probiotics has the relation which is close with innate immunity and adaptive immunity. And probiotics has the clinical value with many disease like lactose intolerance, constipation, acute gastroenteritis, food hypersensitivity and allergy, atopic dermatitis, crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, pelvic radiotherapy, intestinal inflammation and chemical exposure, colon cancer, inhibitory effect of Helicobacter pylori and lowering the level of cholesterol. We use jointly korean medicine and probiotics and it has the more therapeutic effect in the many disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1202-1208
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• 2009

Synbiotics is the term used for a mixture of probiotics (live microbial feed additives that beneficially affects the host animal) and prebiotics (non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the organism). This study investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas emission and fecal microbial population in weaning pigs. 150 pigs with an initial BW of 6.80${\pm}$0.32 kg (20 d of age) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments as follows: i) US, basal diet+0.15% antibiotics (0.05% oxytetracycline 200 and 0.10% tiamulin 38 g), ii) BS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from bacteria), iii) YS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from yeast), iv) MS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from mold), v) CS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (from compounds of bacteria, yeast and mold). The probiotics were contained in $10^{9}$ cfu/ml, $10^{5}$ cfu/ml and $10^{3}$ tfu/ml of bacteria, yeast and molds, respectively. The same prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide, lactose, sodium acetate and ammonium citrate) was used for all the synbiotics. Pigs were housed individually for a 16-day experimental period. Growth performance showed no significant difference between antibiotic treatments and synbiotics-added treatments. The BS treatment showed higher (p<0.05) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibility while ether extract and crude fiber digestibility were not affected by the dietary treatment. Also, the BS treatment decreased (p<0.05) fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions. Hydrogen sulfide concentration was also decreased (p<0.05) in BS, YS and MS treatments compared to other treatments. Moreover, all the synbioticsadded treatments increased fecal acetic acid concentration while the CS treatment had lower propionic acid concentration than the US treatment (p<0.05) gas emissions but decreased in fecal propionate gas emissions. Total fecal bacteria and Escherichia coli populations did not differ significantly among the treatments, while the Shigella counts were decreased (p<0.05) in synbiotics-included treatment. Fecal bacteria population was higher in the YS treatment than other treatments (p<0.05). The BS treatment had higher yeast concentration than YS, MS and CS treatments, while US treatment had higher mold concentrations than MS treatment (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics are as effective as antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in weaning pigs. Additionally, synbiotics from anaerobic microflora can decrease fecal noxious gas emission and synbiotics can substitute for antibiotics in weaning pigs.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 생균제를 산란계에 급여하였을 때 계란품질 및 배설물내 암모니아태 질소 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 36주령 ISA brown 산란계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수－대두박 기초 사료구(Con; basal diet), 기초 사료구에 생균제를 0.3%(PB0.3; basal diet + 0.3% probiotics)와 0.6%(PB0.6; basal diet + 0.6% probiotics) 첨가한 구로 구성되었다. 총 28일간의 사양시험 기간동안, 산란율, 난중 그리고 난각 강도에 있어서는 처리간에 차이는 있었지만 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P$>$0.05). 난각의 두께에 있어서는 PB0.6 처리구가 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(linear effect, P$<$0.01). 난황색에 있어서는 생균제를 첨가함에 따라 대조구와 비교하여 통계적으로 높게 평가되었으며(linear effect, P$<$0.02), 난황계수에 있어서도 생균제를 첨가함에 따라 개선되는 경향을 나타내었다(linear effect, P$<$0.04). 배설물내 암모니아태 질소 함량에 있어서는 PB0.6 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 평가되었다(linear effect, P$<$0.04). 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 생균제의 첨가가 난각두께, 난황색 및 난황계수를 증가시키는 것으로 사료되며, 배설물내 암모니아태 질소 함량을 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

We evaluated the effects of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides, Mos) and probiotic diet supplements on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity, and intestinal changes in the microbial flora of red seabream Pagrus major. A basal diet (Con) was formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of red seabream. The dietary starch in Con was replaced with 0.6% Mos, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and probiotic mixture (labeled as Mos, Pro-LP, Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix, respectively). We stocked 450 fish in 18 polypropylene tanks (400 L) in triplicate groups per dietary treatment. The fish were fed one of the diets twice (08:30, 18:30 h) a day for 63 days. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in all the supplemented groups than that of the Con group. The immunoglobulin level of Pro-Mix, anti-protease activity of Pro-BL, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups were significantly higher than those of the Con group. The ratio of total Vibrio/heterotrophic marine bacteria counts was significantly lower in Pro-LP, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups than that of the Con group. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Mos and probiotics to improves immune response and antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibits Vibrio bacteria in the intestine.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2008

본 실험에서는 복합균종 생균제를 단일급여하거나 효모변이균주에서 추출한 β-글루칸과 혼합급여했을 때 성장 성적, 혈액 내 지질 분획 농도, 항체생산 반응 및 장내 균총의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 모두 5개 처리구에 4반복 반복당 30수 씩, 총 600수의 1일령 Ross 수평아리를 공시하여 35일간 사양실험을 실시하였다. 실험사료는 옥수수와 대두박을 위주로한 항생제 무첨가 시판사료를 급여하는 대조구와 T1 처리구에는 복합균종 생균제만을 0.15%, T2 처리구에는 β-글루칸 0.10%+복합균종 생균제 0.15%, T3 처리구에는 복합균종 생균제만을 0.30%, T4 처리구에는 β-글루칸 0.10%+복합균종 생균제 0.30%를 혼합급여하였다. 실험 기간 중의 증체량, 사료 섭취량 및 사료요구율을 평가하였고, 실험 4주째에 ND 및 IB를 분무백신한 후 항체 생성량을 조사하였다. 맹장 내용물을 채취하여 장내 균총 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.사료 섭취량에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으나 실험후기에서는 증체량 및 사료요구율은 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 유의하게 개선되거나(P<0.05) 개선되는 경향을 나타내었다. 간, 비장, F낭, 가슴근육 및 다리부위의 상대적 중량에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 에스터 농도는 대조구에 비해 모든 복합균종 생균제 0.3% 첨가구(T3 및 T4)에서 유의하게 감소하였고(P<0.05), 유리형 콜레스테롤 농도 역시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. ND 및 IB 항체 생산량은 대조구에 비해 유의한 차이 없이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 총 균 및 coliform bacteria 수에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, lactic acid bacteria 수는 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 유의하게 증가하는 결과가 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 본 실험에서는 육계사료 내 복합균종 생균제의 단일급여 또는 β-글루칸과의 혼합급여가 증체 및 사료요구율을 개선시키는 효과를 나타내었다. 특히 복합균종 생균제 급여에 의해 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 감소하고, 맹장 내 lactic acid bacteria 수가 유의하게 증가하는 효과를 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1486-1494
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• 2008

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of green tea by-product and green tea probiotics on the growth performance, meat quality and immune response of finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbred "Landrace$\times$Yorkshire" finishing pigs with an average of 76 kg body weight were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 3 replications with 6 pigs per replication. The four dietary treatments were control, antibiotics (control diet with 0.003% chlortetracycline added), and diets containing 0.5% green tea by-product or 0.5% green tea probiotic supplementation. Weight gain was increased in 0.5% green tea probiotics treatment compared to others, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The incorporation of 0.5% green tea probiotics to diets reduced the feed conversion ratio in finishing pigs (p>0.05). The incorporation of 0.5% green tea by-product into the pig diet reduced the crude protein and fat contents of the meat (p>0.05). Pigs fed diets containing 0.5% green tea probiotic supplementation had lowered meat TBA values compared to those fed 0.5% green tea by-product (p<0.05). The proliferation of spleen cells stimulated with Con A (concanavalin: 0.1, 0.3, and $1.0{\mu}g/ml$) significantly increased with 0.5% green tea by-product treatment compared to antibiotic treatment (p<0.05), but was significantly decreased in 0.5% green tea probiotics treatment compared to the antibiotic treatment (p<0.05). When stimulated with $1.0{\mu}g/ml$ Con A, splenocyte production of IL-6 from pigs treated with 0.5% green tea by-product or green tea probiotics was significantly increased compared to the antibiotic treatment group (p<0.05). Splenocyte production of TNF-${\alpha}$ after treatment with $1.0{\mu}g/ml$ Con A was significantly higher following 0.5% green tea probiotics treatment (p<0.05), while TNF-${\alpha}$ production after $10.0{\mu}g/ml$ LPS (lipopolysaccharide) was significantly higher in the 0.5% antibiotic treatment group (p<0.05).