• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary detoxified Rhus verniciflua sap (RVS) on production performance, egg quality, lipid fractions of egg yolk, liver and serum, and the profile of cecal microflora in laying hens. Methods: Two hundred 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group (2 hens per cage, 5 cages per replicate) and were provided with one of 4 experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.2% RVS, for 6 weeks. Due to unequal intervals of RVS doses, the interactive matrix language procedure of the SAS program was used to correct the contrast coefficients of orthogonal polynomials. Results: There were no differences in feed intake and egg weight among the groups. Egg production increased (linearly and quadratically, p<0.05) with increasing levels of RVS. Eggshell thickness increased (linear, p<0.05) as the level of RVS in diets increased. The levels of blood cholesterol and activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were not altered by dietary treatments. Increasing level of RVS increased (linear, p<0.05) the populations of cecal lactic acid bacteria. The content of yolk cholesterol decreased (linear, p<0.05) with increasing levels of dietary RVS, although there were no significant differences in each lipid fraction of the liver. Conclusion: This study indicates that dietary RVS could improve laying performance and eggshell quality, and affect cecal lactic acid bacteria in a dose-dependent manner.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on nutritional intake status among the college students. The subjects were divided three groups; no-alcohol group(n=78), alcohol group(n=113), and high-alcohol group(n=82) according to intake and frequency of alcohol. And they were observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, dietary behavior and attitude, and nutrient intakes using questionnaires. The frequency of skipping meals in breakfast in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in frequency of skipping meals of lunch and supper, reason why skipped meals, and total score of dietary attitude among three groups. However, the score of dietary attitude about no heavy drinking and smoking in high-alcohol group was higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were significant difference in vitamin B2 intake, alcohol intake, and energy intakes from carbohydrate, lipid, and alcohol among three groups(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05). Compared energy intake of high-alcohol group with other two groups, intake from carbohydrate was low and intakes from lipid and alcohol were high. In the nutrient density, plant protein and carbohydrate in no-alcohol group, lipid and vitamin B2 in alcohol group, and animal lipid in high-alcohol group were highest among three groups. NAR and MAR were not significant difference among three groups except that NAR of P in alcohol group is highest among three groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, students high consuming alcohol have unhealty dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of skipping breakfast, undesirable dietary attitude of alcohol drinking and smoking, and low energy inake from diet. Therefore, this results should be considered in meal management and nutritional education for student of high alcohol consumption.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E on the lipid peroxidation by dietary iron-injected to male rats. Sprague-Dawely strain male rats were divided into three experimental groups, namely control, iron injected and iron-vitamin E injected groups. The control group was fed with normal diet; the iron injected group was given normal diet and while injected intraperitoneally 30mg of ferric hydroxide/100g of body weight 20 times every 3 days. The iron-vitamin E injected group was intraperitoneally administered 30mg of ferric hydroxide/100g of body weight 20 times every 3 days and vitamin E every day with the dose of 5IU(5mg)/100g body weight. All experimental groups were maintained for 60 days with feeding on the respective ratio. The results obtained from this experiment were summarized as following: 1. The net weight gain was significantly decreased by the iron injection, but much increased by the vitamin E injection. 2. The contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid in liver, kidney, muscle and serum were decreased by the iron injection, but increased by the vitamin E injection. 3. The increment of malondialdehyde contents was induced by the iron overloading, but significantly decreased by the vitamin E injection. Therefore, it is suggested that dietary iron administration to male rats facilitates the lipid peroxidation in vivo and vitamin E has the inhibiting effect on lipip peroxidation process by iron.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Objectives: Previous studies have obtained conflicting findings regarding possible associations between indices measuring carbohydrate intake and dyslipidemia, which is an established risk factor of coronary heart disease. In the present study, we examined crosssectional associations between carbohydrate indices, including the dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total amount of carbohydrates, and the percentage of energy from carbohydrates, and a range of blood lipid parameters. Methods: This study included 1530 participants (554 men and 976 women) from 246 families within the Healthy Twin Study. We analyzed the associations using a generalized linear mixed model to control for familial relationships. Results: Levels of the Apo B were inversely associated with dietary GI, GL, and the amount of carbohydrate intake for men, but these relationships were not significant when fat-adjusted values of the carbohydrate indices were used. Triglyceride levels were positively associated with dietary GI and GL in women, and this pattern was more notable in overweight participants (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25kg/m^2$). However, total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly related with carbohydrate intake overall. Conclusions: Of the blood lipid parameters we investigated, only triglyceride levels were positively related with dietary carbohydrate indices among women participants in the Healthy Twin Study, with an interactive role observed for BMI. However, these associations were not observed in men, suggesting that the association between blood lipid levels and carbohydrate intake depends on the type of lipid, specific carbohydrate indices, gender, and BMI.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2003

This intervention study was performed to assess the effect of spirulina on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in elderly Koreans. The subjects were 6 male and 6 female people between the ages of 60 and 75, who were given spirulina supplements of 7.5 g/day for 24 weeks. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical assessment for plasma lipid levels, antioxidant status and immune function were measured before and throughout the intervention period. Before entering the study, the subjects were in relatively good health. Their nutrient intake was satisfactory, and anthropometric indices and plasma nutrient levels were within the normal range. Spirulina supplementation for 24 weeks did not affect dietary intake and anthropometric parameters. However, considerable changes were observed in blood lipid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and immune indices. The plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total- and LDL-cholesterol decreased from 4 weeks of the supplementation period. The antioxidant capacity improved, as shown in increasing TAS and decreasing TBARS after supplementation. Improved immune function was also observed as the PBL lymphocyte proliferation rate and plasma C3 levels increased. The above effects of spirulina supplementation did not differ between mild hypercholesterolemic (cholesterol $\geq$ 200mg/d1) and normochole-sterolemic (cholesterol < 200 mg/dl) subjects. This study provided evidence that spirulina could be used as dietary supplementation in nutritionally vulnerable groups to improve nutritional and health status and to prevent chronic disease such as hyperlipidemia or oxidation-prone diseases. further studies in this area with various population groups are warranted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.477-491
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• 1990

To observe the effect of dietary n6 linoleic acid, n6 gamma-linolenic acid and n3 alphalinolenic acid aon plasma lipid composition and platelet aggregation, twenty college women were divided into 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks with experimental diets supplying fat at 23% cal which were different only in fatty acid composition. Dietary fat was corn oil(CO) as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and evenign primrose oil(EPO) for n6 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA). Plasma cholesterol level was slightly decreased by PL(13.5g) but significantly increased by equal amount of CO. However, there was similar hypocholeaterolemic effect when double amount of CO(27.0g), was supplemented. Therefore, total fat unsaturation may be more important factor for plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than the structure of fatty acid itself. Plasma cholesterol level was not lowered by supplement of GLA in CO diet. There was similar trend in hypotriglyceridemic effect by PO and CO as in plasma cholesterol. Plasma TG level was rather increased but not significantly by GLA supplement to CO diet. Overall, plasma lipid-lowering effect was greater by ALA than LA and GLA effect was not greater than by LA. GLA supplement did not significantly improve lipid compositions to prevent against CHD. There was no significant change both in fatty acid composition in platelet and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by GLA supplement to corn oil diet and by ALA in PO diet in young women.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 1995

For studying the effect of different dietary fats on carcinogenesis, fatty acid composition of membrane and lipid peroxidation were measured. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 15%(w/w) beef tallow or soybean oil. A single dose of 50 mg 2-AAF/kg B.W. was injected i.p. in each diet group 10 times. Rats were sacrifled after 1, 5, 10, and 15 weeks from the first injection. By 2-AAF injection, !ipid peroxidation increased slightly compared to control group. The rats fed on different fats had similar MDA production and those fed on soybean oil had slightly higher free radical concentration measured by ESR. In young rats, iipid peroxidation level was high and hydroxy radical production was higher in soybean oil group than in beef tallow group. With age, the lipid peroxidation values were decreased initially then increased. The fatty acid composition in microsomal membrane was reflected by dietary fatty acid composition. In soybean oil group, monoenoic acid was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher than beef tallow group. Linoleic acid contents showed the most discrepancy among groups. By 2-AAF treatment, iinoleic acid content and unsaturation index increased in soybean oil group. But in beef tallow group, there was no difference in fatty acid contents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1758-1763
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• 2000

The effect of tu-chung (Eucommia ulmoides, Oliver) leaf meal on reducing lipid accumulation in chickens fed 1% cholesterol containing diet was studied. Forty male White Leghorn chickens aged 56 days were weighed and divided into four groups of ten chickens, and fed diets with or without 1% dietary cholesterol which were supplemented with 0 and 5% tu-chung. Tu-chung supplementation to the diet without cholesterol increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p<0.01) but decreased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activities (p<0.01) with no effect on fatty acid synthetase activities. However, its supplementation to the diet with cholesterol had no effect on these three enzyme activities as compared with the cholesterol containing diet without tu-chung. Tu-chung supplementation to the diet without cholesterol increased hepatic triglyceride (p<0.01), whereas its supplementation to the diet with cholesterol decreased it (p<0.01). Tu-chung supplementation to the diet with cholesterol decreased plasma cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, phospholipids (p<0.05) and triglyceride (p<0.01) as compared with the cholesterol containing diet without tu-chung. Supplementation of tu-chung to the diet without cholesterol decreased plasma free cholesterol (p<0.05). It is concluded that tu-chung leaf meal reduced an increase in lipid accumulation in chickens stimulated by 1% cholesterol feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 1990

A study is reported which investigated the additive nature of digestible energy (DE) from dietary nutrients and to estimate the relative energy values of different energy-yielding nutrients in practical trout diets. A growth study was conducted over 12 weeks with 6 diets. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets once a day ad libitum. Digestible energy values determined and calculated had direct relationship indicating additive nature of such values for feed ingredients. Overall growth performance was best in a diet containing 33% digestible protein (DP) with a DP/DE ratio of 18.6. A reduction in digestible protein level with the same DP/DE rat io led to a significant decrease in growth and feed efficiency. The increase of 7% of lipid with concomitant decrease in protein resulted in the relative gain of 130% in growth and nutrient retention, suggesting that 1 g of lipid is equal to about 1.3 g of proteins in terms of net energetic value. Replacement of 10% of dietary lipid by carbohydrates led to a slight decrease in energy retention efficiency but to a great increase in lipid retention efficiency (130%) showing that dietary carbohydrates led to increased lipogenesis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

The development of a fish that functionally provides both antioxidant and fat-reducing effects is an important goal in nutrition and aquaculture research. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) can be successfully incorporated in fish muscle and viscera, but CLA and carotenoids have not been evaluated in such fish. An 8 weeks growth trial was conducted using rainbow trout, and all fish were fed twice daily with experimental diets containing graded amounts of CLA(1% and 5%). At the end of the experiment, the daily growth index, feed conversion rate, lipid class, and fatty acid composition were determined. Dietary CLA did not enhance the growth parameters of rainbow trout but did improve the feed conversion rate. The muscular polar lipid content decreased during the feeding period, while the content was stable in the viscera. In addition, a diet high in CLA decreased the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, but had no effect on the content of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid in muscle.