• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1193-1202
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship of oral health status such as dental caries and the performance of dietary action guides with six items. Methods : Oral examination and self-administrated questionnaire were conducted on 87 disabled students, aged 6-19 who were attending special school in the area of the metropolitan Seoul. Two logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to investigate the association dental caries experience and the performance of dietary action guides after controlling for potential confounders. Results : The proportion of study subjects with caries were 37.9%, 26.9%(male) and 54.3%(female), respectively(p<0.05). There was significantly difference the subjects with caries and perceived oral health status(p<0.01). Among the dietary action guides items, skipping breakfast and not avoiding waste food were significantly higher in the proportion of subjects' caries(p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). The avoiding waste food groups had more possibility of having caries significantly(p<0.05), even after controlling gender, and perceived oral health status. Conclusions : These results indicate that oral health promotion policy with dietary action guides should be strengthened for support of disabled student's dental health.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine the sugar intake and perception of sugar reduction based on the practice of Dietary Action Guides among the college students in Cheongju. A convenience sample of 343 healthy college students(male n=195, female n=148) was divided into two subgroups based on a median split(male M=12, female M=11) of the extent to which they practice the Dietary Action Guides: low practice(LP) group(male n=117, female n=82) and high practice(HP) group(male n=78, female n=66). There was no significant difference in age, weight, and body mass index between the groups; however, among the female students, the LP group had significantly higher frequencies of snacking and smoking, and higher sweet taste perception. For both male and female students, the LP group were more likely to eat sweet snacks such as carbonated beverage, flavored milk, and snacks sold outside, and had significantly higher total sugar intake from the sweet snacks than the HP group. The percentage of exceeding the WHO recommended daily sugar intake (50 g) was significantly higher for the LP group(36.59%) than for the HP group(13.64%) among female students. The perceived necessity of the sugar intake reduction was not significantly different between the LP and HP groups. The identification of nutrition labels when purchasing snack was significantly lower for the LP group than for the HP group regardless of gender. The necessity of nutrition labels education was higher than 80 percent for both the groups. Based on these results, encouraging the practice of Dietary Action Guides seems to be helpful in reducing the sugar intake among the college students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2019

This study examined the historical changes of and dietitians' needs for the Life Cycle-based Dietary Guidelines for Koreans. Content analysis of relevant documents, a survey of 307 dietitians, and in-depth interviews with eight dietitians were conducted. The dietary guidelines published between 2003 and 2004 included one set of common guidelines and several sets of dietary action guides corresponding to six target groups: pregnant and lactating women, infants and toddlers, children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. The guidelines were revised between 2008 and 2011 and consisted of six sets of guidelines for the target groups without common guidelines. The dietitians considered five or six as appropriate numbers of guidelines for each group. Needs for separate guidelines for women of child-bearing age and male workers were reported. The dietitians preferred one set of common guidelines with specific action guides for each target group and wanted easier and more specific messages to be included in the new guidelines. It is suggested that the Life Cycle-based Dietary Guidelines for Koreans should be revised to reflect such dietitians' needs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the degree of adherence to the Korean Dietary Action Guides for Children (KDAGC). In a cross-sectional study based on a child care center-based survey in Seoul, Korea, we collected parental-reported questionnaires (n = 2,038) on children's weight and height, frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, and the quality of dietary and activity behaviors based on the 2009 KDAGC Adherence Index (KDAGCAI) which was developed as a composite measure of adherence to the KDAGC. Overweight and obesity were determined according to age- and sex-specific BMI percentile from the 2007 Korean national growth chart. Associations were assessed with generalized linear models and polytomous logistic regression models. Approximately 17.6% of Korean preschool children were classified as overweight or obese. Obese preschoolers had lower adherence to the KDAGCAI compared to those with lean/normal weight. Preschoolers with a high quality of dietary and activity behaviors had a 51% decreased odds ratio (OR) of being obese (highest vs. lowest tertile of KDAGCAI-score, 95% CI 0.31, 0.78; P = 0.001); the associations were more pronounced among those who were older (P = 0.048) and lived in lower income households (P = 0.014). A greater frequency of vegetable consumption, but not fruit, was associated with a borderline significant reduction in the prevalence of obesity. Our findings support the association between obesity prevention and high compliance with the Korean national dietary and activity guideline among preschool children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2018

Purpose: Changes in eating habits and malnutrition due to dysphagia are important health problems for older adults. This study investigated the effects of an educational program aimed at improving diet quality in community-dwelling older adults at risk for dysphagia in South Korea. Methods: We assessed 27 individuals in the experimental group and 26 individuals in the control group between September and October 2015. All participants were aged 65 years or older and were at risk for dysphagia. A combined diet and exercise program was applied to the experimental group (n = 27) for six weeks. We examined changes in participants' eating habits and their knowledge and attitudes concerning dysphagia risk. The nutrition intake of all participants was measured before and after the intervention using 24-hr dietary recall. Results: There was a significant increase in knowledge of dysphagia risk in the experimental group, with scores increasing from 3.7 to 7.1, out of 10 points (p < 0.001). There were also significant improvements in eating habits after the intervention in the experimental group, with scores increasing from 21.9 to 28.3, out of 36 points (p < 0.001). The attitude score of participants in the experimental group increased significantly, from 15.2 to 16.7, out of 20 points (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Developing educational programs can help older adults living in the community lead a healthier lifestyle and improve their ability to manage their diet.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.411-425
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine differences in nutrient intakes by the compliance with the Dietary Action Guide for Korean Children. The subjects included 343 elementary school students in Gwangju city. Compliance with the Dietary Action Guide for Children showed that 62.4% of subjects had breakfast everyday; 44.3% of subjects ate vegetables/fruits/milk and dairy products daily; 26.8% of subjects ate a variety of lean meats/fish/eggs/bean products daily; 32.9% of subjects enjoyed outdoor activity everyday and ate according to their energy needs; 40.2% of subjects chose healthy and nutritious foods for snack; and 15.5% of subjects avoided food waste. Intakes of most of nutrients including energy were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in those who complied with the Dietary Action Guide well. Also nutrient intakes had the positive correlation with the scores of Dietary Action Guide (p < 0.05). From these results, nutrient intakes of children were significantly influenced by dietary factors suggested in the Dietary Action Guide for Children. In addition, the results also confirmed that good food behaviors were indispensible to maintaining a proper nutritional status. Based on these results, good food behaviors and practice were critical to secure good health and proper nutritional status for children, and that nutrition education should be strengthened in school as well as at home.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.113-126
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• 2018

This study aims to develop the content structure of healthy dietary education for multicultural family parents who guides their children to the correct and desirable applications at home. This study is an exploratory study intended to establish the contents of healthy dietary education for multicultural family parents. For the methodology we investigated dietary behaviors of children of multicultural families. As a result of examining closely the necessity and contents of healthy dietary education for the multicultural families parents including food safety, nutrition, and food culture. Based upon the above findings, the goals of healthy dietary education for parents were set up, its content area and sub-area(education topics) were composed and fixed, and finally, topic-specific goals and 12 content elements were extracted, detailed and systematized for pre schoolers and elementary school children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2007

This study compared obese children's food group intakes with the new Dietary References Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) food guides for 5th-6th grade school children. This study also determined the extent of sedentary life styles related with obesity in this area of children. This is it cross-sectional study of 799 school children. The dietitian sent a survey form describing the project and a questionnaire to the subject's family. The questionnaire included child demographics, family history of chronic diseases, the daily servings of five food groups, such as grains, meat and beans, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. The daily or weekly hours of physical activity, television viewing, and computer usage were also surveyed. Obesity index (%) of the subjects was calculated, and children with an obesity index (%) equal to or greater than 20 were classified as the obese. Among the 799 participants, 50.7% were female. The percentages of the normal and the obese were 691 (86.5%) and 108 (13.5%) respectively. Obese children reported eating less vegetables (p<0.05), more high sugar snacks (p<0.05), and high fat snacks (p<0.05) than normal children. No significant differences in food servings of grains, meats and beans, and fruits, and dairy products between the normal and the obese were shown. Obese children reported fewer hours of physical activities (p<0.05) and more hours of computer usage (p<0.05) than normal children. Girls showed less likelihood of being obese (odds ratio, 0.575, CI (0.38, 0.87), p<0.05). More hours of physical activity significantly decreased the likelihood of being obese (odds ratio, 0.572, CI (0.35, 0.92), p<0.05). Family history of obesity almost doubled the likelihood of obesity in children (odds ratio, 2.653, CI (1.660, 4.241), p<0.05). In conclusion, frequent snacking, inadequate vegetable consumption, and sedentary lifestyle increased significantly the likelihood of obesity in children, which suggest that obesity intervention in this age group should focuse more on those variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.7-19
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for development of textbooks and guides on diet education for middle school students. A survey was conducted for 250 middle school students in Daegu, who have completed the nutrition courses. The data were collected from the results of a self-administered questionnaire. The results obtained by this research are as follows: 1) For the education for dietary habit and attitude at school, more than half of students answered 'not being done'(55.1%), and 'needed'(41.1%). 2) When educating food and nutrition at school, both boys and girls preferred 'classes using media such as movies and slides'. 3) The boys wanted to learn 'proper dining etiquettes'(23.5%), and girls wanted to learn 'weight management'(43.8%) for further courses of food and nutrition(p < .001) in the educational demand analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 1998

In this study, the food cost for the urban worker's living expenses was estimated for the Korea Labor Union. The urban workers living expenses are minimum of healthy and decency level expenses with allowances for minimum quality of life. Thus, the food cost should be enough for purchasing proper kinds and amount of foods which can supply sufficient nutrient to maintain health and which should reflect current food consumption patterns. To estimate the food cost, the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances was used to calculate the amount of nutrients which should be supplied. The National nutrition survey and the Food balance sheet, were used to estimate the current consumption patterns for the kind and amount of food. To estimate price for each food item, the market survey was executed in six large cities. Also, to verify the estimated food cost, actual food costs were surveyed. For 5 kinds of model household, dietary allowances were calculated for the each nutrient. Using the Korean food guides, the number of serving for each food group were decided for the model households. In each food group, the amount and kind of foods were decided by the current food consumption pattern. The kind and amount of food were adjusted by the amount of calculated nutrient. When the amount of nutrient was between 90% and 110% of the recommended dietary intake, it was accepted. With these amount and kinds of foods, the food cost were calculated using the market survey. Considering extra expenses for the eating-out and processed foods, extra expenses are added. As a results, for single person family, the estimated food cost was 149,210won per month. For two, three, four and five person family, the estimated food costs were 245,179won, 381,182won, 501,669won and 687,980won per month, respectively. The estimated food cost were lower in the single and two person family than the actual food cost by the survey. The cost for eating-out gave major differences. In the future, to estimate food cost, the food consumption patterns for the different kind of household, sex and age should be studied carefully. Also, the pattern of eating-out should by analyzed.