• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.322-331
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of vitamin $B_{6}$ intake by normal term delivery pregnant women on the concentration of vitamin $B_{6}$ in the material plasma, the umbilical cord plasma, and the placental tissue. Dietary intake data were obtained from a semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire. The daily mean energy and protein intakes were 2189.5 kcal (93.2% of RDA) and 79.3 g (113.3% of RDA), respectively. The average daily vitamin $B_{6}$ intake was 1.7 mg (91.4% of RDA) for the pregnant women. Their main sources of vitamin $B_{6}$ were cereal & starch (50%), and vegetables & fruits (33%). The pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentration of the maternal plasma, the umbilical cord plasma, and the placenta were 16.7 $\pm$ 4.1 nmol/1, 61.3 $\pm$ 19.8 nmol/l and 898.6 $\pm$ 159.2 ng/g, respectively. The PLP level was the highest in the placenta. The PLP level of the maternal plasma was significantly lower than the of the umbilical cord plasma (p < 0.001). The PLP level of maternal plasma correlated positively with that of the placenta (p < 0.0001) and the umbilical cord plasma (p < 0.05). Also the PLP level of the placenta correlated positively with that of the umbilical cord plasma (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the vitamin $B_{6}$ nutritional status of the fetus is affected by placental vitamin $B_{6}$ levels, and that the placental vitamin B$_{6}$ levels reflect the maternal vitamin $B_{6}$ status. The umbilical cord plasma PLP level showed a positive correlation with the gestational length (p < 0.05). A negative association was observed between the PLP level showed of the umbilical cord plasma and the pregnancy weight gain (p < 0.03). The results suggest that the transfer of PLP from maternal plasma to the placental tissue could be an active transport, white the transfer of PLP from the placenta to the fetus is by means of simple diffusion. Thus, neonatal vitamin $B_{6}$ nutrition is influenced by the maternal nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.266-273
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of diet supplementation with complex probiotics (CPB), on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, noxious gas, and fecal microflora in weaning pigs. On the basis of body weight, a total of 234 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 6.14±0.78kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments and 6 replicates (13 pigs per pen). The experimental diets were fed in a meal form for 28 days (days 0-14, PhaseI, and days 15-28, PhaseII). The dietary treatment groups were as follows: T1 (basal diet), T2 (T1+0.13% CPB) and T3 (T1+0.25% CPB). The CPB supplement contained Bacillus subtilis 1.0×10⁶ CFU/g, Enterococcus faecium 1.0×10⁶ CFU/g, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.0×10⁶ CFU/g, Bacillus licheniformis 3.0×10⁸ CFU/g, and Bacillus polyfermenticus 3.0×10⁸ CFU/g. Pigs fed the T3 diet showed an increase (p<0.05) in the overall average daily gain and average daily feed intake, increased (p<0.05) crude protein digestibility in PhaseI, and greater (p<0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility in PhaseII. Supplementation of CPB had no effect on the blood profile. Furthermore, pigs fed the T3 diet had lower (p<0.05) NH₃ emission and overall count of fecal Clostridium spp. In conclusion, we believe that CPB supplementation has a beneficial effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas, and fecal microflora in weaning pigs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1992

Dietary intakes of 57 college women were measured by 7-day weight food records(7WR) Nutrient intakes of 7WR were compared with results of using 1-day weighted food records(1WR) and 2-day weighed food records(2WR), 7WR were recorded for 7 consecutive days by subjects and its first two days were chosen to provide 1WR and 2WR Mean nutrient intakes of the group were not significantly different between 1WR or 2WRand 7WR. Within-person variations were found to be greater than between-person variations. The ratio of within- and between-person variability was lowest for the vitamin A and highest for the calcium. Data on 7WR were analyzed to estimate the number of recording days needed to ensure r$\geq$0.9 between observed and turn mean intakes. The 11 to 13 days needed for energy sugar protein and vitamin A and 20 days for calcium The results indicated that the number of days needed varied substantially among individuals for the same nutrient and within individuals for different nutrients.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2008

A total of 360 Berkshire(hog) weighing 25kg were fed experimental diets containing either dehulled soybean meal(DSBM) or non-dehulled soybean meal(NDSBM) as a major protein source until they reach 80kg. The pigs were then fed the finisher diets either high(3,265 kcal/kg) or low(2,940 kcal/kg) in ME to evaluate the effects of dietary energy level for finisher phase on the growth performances, carcass and meat quality parameter. In growth performance, daily weight gain(kg/day) was higher(P<0.05) in T1 than in other groups. Feed conversion(feed/gain) was lower(P<0.05) in other groups. In carcass parameter, carcass percentage was higher(P<0.05) in T2 than in T1 and T4. Backfat thickness was lower(P<0.05) in T2 than in T1 and T3. The ratio of up B grade in carcass grade tender to be higher in T2 than in other groups. In meat quality, chemical composition was similar between groups. WHC was slighter higher in T1 than in other groups. Shear force was tender to be higher in T1 than in other groups. Hunter L and a in meat color were tender to be higher in T2 than in other groups. Hunter L in backfat color was thender to be higher in T1 than in other groups. The results indicate that growth performance and carcass parameter of Berkshire were improved by the dehulled soybean meal as comparison with non-dehulled soybean meal during growing and finishing periods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2008

This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and the nutritional risks based on the food intake frequency and health-related behaviors of middle-aged and elderly people living in Andong area. Interviews were conducted with 1,384 subjects (532 males, 852 females) aged 50 years and over. Nutrient intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. The average energy intakes were 1410.5 kcal for males and 1279.2 kcal for females, and the percentages of the subjects consuming below the estimated energy requirement (EER) were 92.5% and 88.4%, respectively. The least consumed nutrients compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR) were riboflavin (92.5% for males, 89.6% for females), folic acid (89.7%, 88.5%), and calcium (78.9%, 85.8%), in order. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of meat, fish and vegetable (except kimchi) were very poor, and this low intakes of meat and fish showed as poor status of protein, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, and zinc intakes. Health-related behaviors data showed that the ratio of cigarette smokers, especially male, was higher, while the ratio of the person exercising regularly was lower than that of the nationwide statistics, respectively. Cigarette smoking and drinking were not significantly related to the poor nutrition intake, while regular exercise positively influenced nutrient intakes in female subjects. These results showed that the nutritional status of the subjects was likely to be severely deficient and the low intakes of meat and fish to be highly related to the increase of nutritional risk. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of the secondary disease related to the food intake and health-related behaviors of the subjects, the proper educational program on balanced dietary intake and the correction of health-related behaviors should be developed and applied to this area.