• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1112-1119
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• 2011

The study aimed to evaluate the best level of licury oil in the diet of 3/4 Boer goats, as determined by profile analysis of commercial cuts on aspects of chemical composition, sensorial quality and fatty acid content. Nineteen male goats were used, with an initial weight of 10.8 kg/live weigh. The animals were fed with hay and a concentrated mix containing different levels of licury oil, which constituted the treatments. The experiment lasted for 60 days, at which point the animals were submitted to feed fasting and slaughtered. The carcass weight, commercial yield and cuts were measured. The ham was collected for sensorial and chemical evaluation and the longissimus dorsi was collected for fatty acid profile analysis. The addition of licury oil to the diet did not promote changes in the proportions and weights of the commercial cuts, nor to the meat's sensorial attributes. The sum of medium-chain fatty acids and the atherogenicity index was increased with the addition of oil. Licury oil can be added to the diet of goats (up to 4.5%) without resulting in changes in to the proportions of the commercial cuts, or to the chemical composition or sensorial characteristics of the meat. Based on the chain length of fatty acids, the addition of 4.5% licury oil can improve the quality of meat, but no effect was noted in relation to the atherogenicity index.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1439-1447
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of tanninrich woody species on meat oxidative stability, carcass traits and meat quality in goats. Methods: Two tannin-rich species were tested using a three-treatments feeding trial, where treatments consisted of: Larrea divaricata and Acacia aroma both at 12.5% in dry matter basis of the diet and a control diet (alfalfa hay). All feeding diets were iso-protein and iso-energy. Carcass conformation, carcass compactness, carcass fatness and subcutaneous fat deposition were evaluated. Intake, liveweigh, Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles of goats were analyzed in order to evaluate quality parameters such as pH value, instrumental color evaluation, water holding capacity, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, meat oxidative stability and fatty acid profiles in meat. Results: Feed intake, liveweight gain, carcass, and meat traits did not differ among treatments. Changes in meat lipid profile among treatments were observed for oleic and elaidic acid contents. Meat total phenolic content and antioxidant activity did not differ among treatments; although, meat oxidative status after storage at room temperature, as well as under refrigerated and frozen conditions were different between control and both supplemented groups. Conclusion: The inclusion of Acacia aroma and Larrea divaricata leaves in goat diet enhanced meat oxidative stability. Modulation of the ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids produced by condensed tannins of these plant species need to be further investigated.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nutrient density diets and sex on carcass and pork quality characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs(58.04 $\pm$ 6.85 kg) were divided into 2 groups(gilts and barrows), each sex group was assigned to 3 nutrient density(high : 18.5%, middle : 16.0% and low: 14.0% CP, respectively) and raised up to 1l0kg live weight. Each treatment had four replicates with three or five pigs per replicate. The treatments comprised the feeding regimes of 1) the low density diet for 60 days, 2) the middle nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a low nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days and 3) the high nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a middle nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days. Pigs were conventionally slaughtered, and then chilled overnight. Carcass characteristics and grades were determined on those carcasses, and pork loin muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib for quality evaluation were evaluated. There were no differences in the carcass weight between sex and nutrient density. Dressing percent of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P< 0.05). Barrows showed a thicker back fat thickness than gilts. There were no difference in intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat and springiness between sex and nutrient density. Intermuscular fat of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). In the meat quality characteristics, there were no difference in general composition, meat and fat color between sex and nutrient density. pH of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). Cooking loss and shear force value of H-M(barrows) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P< 0.05). Purge loss of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). Myoglobin content of H-M treatment was significantly lower than L-L and M-L treatments(P< 0.05). Texture of H-M treatment was higher than L-L and M-L treatments. The content of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid were significantly higher in the barrows groups(P< 0.05). However, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in the gilts(P < 0.05). Amino acid content of L-L treatment was significantly higher than M-L and H-M treatments(P < 0.05). In conclusion, carcass and pork quality characteristics were affected by sex and nutrient density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1294-1299
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• 2012

A total of 96 pigs ($49.23{\pm}3.20$ kg) were used in an 11 wk growth trial to evaluate the effect of fermentable carbohydrate (FC) content on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrient, blood profile, and meat quality. The dietary treatments were: i) negative control (NC), basal diet, ii) positive control (PC), NC+antibiotics (positive control diet with 5 ppm flavomycin), iii) PCL, PC-13% lower FC, and iv) NCL, NC-13% lower FC. The growth performance (average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain/feed) didn't differ among treatments through the whole experiment. These pigs fed the PCL diet had the greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter than those from PC and NC treatment at the end of the experiment. No differences were observed in white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and lymphocyte concentration among different treatments. After the feeding period, meat samples were collected from the pigs at slaughter. The pigs in NCL and PCL treatments had greater (p<0.05) backfat thickness and lower lean percentage. The color value of loin was higher (p<0.05) in NCL treatment compared to PCL treatment. Also, the NCL treatment had higher (p<0.05) marbling value than PC treatment. The drip loss was depressed by PCL and NCL treatment comapared to NC treatments. The water holding capacity (WHC) was higher (p<0.05) in NC and PCL treatment. In conclusion, the low FC can improve digestibility and meat quality of finishing pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.844-854
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• 2021

Objective: The potential of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), and ginger (GIN), as natural antioxidants, in reducing negative effects of heat stress on physiological responses, antioxidant capacity, semen quality and fertility of bucks under heat stress were investigated. Methods: Forty adult Animal Production Research Institute line rabbit bucks were distributed randomly into four experimental treatments of ten rabbits each. The first treatment was fed the commercial pellet diet (CPD) without supplementation and served as a control. The other three treatments were fed CPD supplemented with EVOO (300 mg), BET (1,000 mg), and GIN (200 mg) per kg diet for 3 consecutive months during the summer season. Results: Supplementation of EVOO, BET, or GIN improved (p<0.05) the sexual desire, progressive motility, vitality, intact acrosome and membrane integrity, sperm cell concentration, sperm outputs and fertility. Seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, and initial fructose increased (p<0.05), while total lipids, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and malondialdehyde decreased (p<0.05) compared with the control. In comparing the natural antioxidants treatments, GIN evoked the largest improvement. Conclusion: The inclusion of GIN (200 mg/kg diet) appeared to improve the sexual desire, semen quality and oxidative stress of bucks. This may be a beneficial supplement for the management of rabbit bucks used in natural mating or artificial insemination.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore socio-economic factors as determinants of food behavior and self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines. The data were derived from the KNHANES collected in 2007. A multidimensional framework of the determinants of food behavior was used, including age, gender, region, occupation, education, income and nutritional knowledge. The determinants of food behavior and self-evaluation were estimated by ordered logistic regression models. Food behavior was measured by dietary diversity scores including six food groups, which were cereals, vegetables, meats, fruits, milk, and oils. Self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines was based on responses from questionnaires for implementing Korean dietary guidelines. In general, the respondents who fulfilled all criteria were few. There were some differences between dietary diversity scores and self-evaluation on meeting dietary guidelines. Age, gender, and educational level showed effect on food behavior and self-evaluation. For dietary diversity scores, the individuals who were younger male, graduated from college were more likely to consume more various foods. The individuals who were older female, graduated from high school were more likely to meet dietary guidelines. Occupation was associated only with self-evaluation. Age and gender were associated with food behavior as well as self-evaluation. Income and marital status were associated only with dietary diversity scores. Reading food label and occupation were associated only with self-evaluation. The food behavior of married individuals was less in line with the dietary diversity scores than singles. In conclusion the differences between objective measure and subjective measure on individuals' diet showed more efforts like segmented nutritional education would be needed to increase the quality of dietary life.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.81-97
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• 2007

To assess the food intake and diet quality by the interrelationship of DDS and DVS of high school girls, this dietary survey was conducted with 253 subjects living in Iksan and Seoul areas using a 24-hour recall method. The average amount of total food intake was 1,133.2 g, with 79.9% of food intake being supplied by vegetable food and 20.1% by animal food and higher in Seoul area. The food consumed most frequently was rice, green onion, garlic, soy sauce, sesame oil, onion, and Kimchi. The food consumed in the largest amounts were rice(303.3 g), milk(62.2 g), and Kimchi(53.4 g). Diet quality was assessed by food group pattern, dietary diversity score(DDS), and dietary variety score(DVS). When investigating the consumption pattern of major five food groups(grain, meat, dairy, fruit, vegetable groups), nobody consumed all five food groups in each meal. The groups most frequently missing were fruits and dairy products. The average number of food consumed per day was 12.1(DVS) and Iksan area scored lower(11.7) on DVS than Seoul area(12.6). The higher DDS and DVS of subjects were, the more MAR and NAR of energy, calcium, vitamin A and C increased. The number of major food groups(DDS)(p<0.01, P<0.05) and that of food items (DVS)(p<0.01) correlated positively NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio) and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) significantly.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2023

Synbiotics help to improve gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while glyconutrients provide a source of energy for the gut bacteria and may also have immunemodulating effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of this combination on fatty acid and meat quality characteristics of growing pigs. In a five-week experiment, 804 growing three-way crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) pigs with an initial body weight of 31.90 ± 2.6 kg on average were assigned to two treatments: 1) CON (basal diet) and 2) TRT1 (basal diet + 0.3% glycozyme [synbiotics and glyconutrient]), each consisting of 402 pigs. The TRT1 groups showed significantly higher values of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), capric acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0), lauric acid (C12:0), elaidic acid (C18:1, t), pentadecylic acid (C15:0), gondoic acid (C20:1), lignoceric acid (C24:0), and omega-6 : omega-3 in fat than the CON groups. Moreover, in the lean tissues of the pig, the levels of C12:0, C14:0, C17:0, and C20:1 were significantly higher in TRT1 than in CON. However, significant differences were not observed after glycozyme addition in pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, longissimus muscle area, drip loss, meat color, and sensory evaluation parameters. To conclude, the positive results of the fatty acid composition indicate that glycozyme may be an effective pig feed additive.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2021

본 연구는 2016-2018년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 만 3-11세 유아 및 학령기 아동 중 저녁식사로 외식을 한 306명을 대상으로 24가지 식품군별 에너지 섭취 기여율을 계산하여 외식패턴을 도출하고, 패턴별로 인구사회학적 특성과 에너지 및 영양소 섭취 수준을 비교함으로써 유아 및 학령기 아동의 외식패턴과 식사의 질 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 밥류 및 기타 잡곡류의 에너지 섭취 기여율만 높은 밥중심 (53%) 패턴과 면류, 떡류, 피자·햄버거·튀김류, 육류 및 그 제품 등의 에너지 섭취 기여율이 높은 혼합식 패턴 (47%)이 도출되었다. 주요 영양소 열량 구성비는 혼합식 패턴 (48:20:31)이 밥중심 패턴 (62:15:21)보다 탄수화물 에너지 섭취 비율이 낮고, 지방 에너지 섭취 비율이 높았다. 단백질, 나트륨의 평균 섭취는 두 패턴 모두 섭취기준을 2배 이상 초과하였고, 비타민 A와 칼슘은 두 패턴 모두 섭취기준 대비 2/3 미만 수준에 불과하였다. 혼합식 패턴은 에너지, 리보플라빈, 나이아신, 인, 철의 섭취량이 모두 섭취기준을 초과한 반면, 밥중심 패턴은 수분, 식이섬유, 비타민 C, 칼륨의 섭취량이 모두 섭취기준 대비 절반 수준이거나 그 미만으로 매우 낮았다. 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 나이아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인의 영양소 적정 섭취비와 평균 영양소 적정 섭취비는 혼합식 패턴이 밥중심 패턴보다 높았다. 영양 질적 지수는 리보플라빈, 나이아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘에서 혼합식 패턴이 밥중심 패턴보다 높았으나, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 칼슘은 두 패턴 모두 1.0 미만으로 영양소 밀도가 부족했다. 식품군섭취패턴은 두 패턴 모두 1순위가 GMV (곡류군 + 육류군 + 채소군) 유형이었으나 밥중심 패턴이 55.8%로 혼합식 패턴 33.6% 보다 더 많았다. 종합하면, 우리나라 유아 및 학령기 아동의 외식을 통한 식사의 질은 패턴에 따라 양상은 달랐으나, 두 패턴 모두 양적 그리고 질적으로 적정하지 않았다. 따라서 외식에서 이러한 문제점을 보완한 어린이용 메뉴의 개발 및 정책적으로 외식에서의 어린이용 메뉴에 대한 기준을 세우는 것이 시급하다. 또한, 유아 및 학령기 아동과 부모를 대상으로 건강한 식품 선택에 관한 교육이 병행될 필요가 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2000

To estimate the degree of intake of $^{238}$ U and $^{232}$ Th through daily diet, a Korean mixed diet sample was prepared after the investigation of the amount of consumption of the daily diet which corresponds to the age of 20 to 60 years. For the analysis of U and Th, the RNAA method was applied. Two standard reference materials were used for quality control and assurance and the analytical results were compared with a certified value. The determination of U and Th in the Korean mixed diet sample was carried out under the same analytical conditions and procedures with SRM. It is found that the concentration of U and Th in a Korean mixed diet was about 35.4 ppb and 3.4 ppb. From these results, the daily intake of $^{238}$ U and $^{232}$ Th by diet is evaluated to be 6.98 and 0.67 $\mu\textrm{g}$ per day, respectively. Radioactivities related to the intake of $^{238}$ U and $^{232}$ Th were estimated to be about 86 mBq and 27 mBq per person per day and the annual dose equivalents from $^{238}$ U and $^{232}$ Th revealed as 3.18 $\mu$Sv and 0.29 $\mu$Sv per person, respectively.