• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

The oscillometric method and Korotkoff sound method are the most common ways to measure the blood pressure. A new automatic blood pressure measurement device, which uses both oscillometric method and Korotkoff method, was developed. A pressure sensor was used to obtain cuff pressure and oscillation signal, and a microphone was used to detect Korotkoff sounds. Forty-five measurements from fifteen subjects were used for analysis. Correlation coefficients between the traditional auscultatory method and Korotkoff sound method were 0.9820 and 0.9721 for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, respectively. Standard deviations of differences for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 1.3019 and 1.4495, respectively. Correspondingly, correlation coefficients between the traditional auscultatory method and oscillometric method using newly developed algorithm were 0.9651 and 0.9136 for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, with the standard deviations of 1.42 and 1.73, respectively. The results showed that the newly developed algorithm for oscillometirc method provide accurate blood pressure values, moreover, Korotkoff sound method using microphone provides even higher accuracy. Therefore, a new automatic device which utilizes both oscillometric method and Korotkoff sound method would provide the accurate and reliable blood pressure values.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of the study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Gyeok pal sang saeng Yeok chim Acupuncture in hypertensive patients. Methods : We measured the blood pressure of the patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical Clinic of Brother from 13th February 2006 to 13th May 2006. We included the patients only in case of the systolic blood pressure was over 120mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was over 80mmHg, thirty patients were treated by Gyeok pal sang saeng Yeok chim Acupuncture. In order to evaluate the effect of the Gyeok pal sang saeng Yeok chim Acupuncture, the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before and after Acupuncture procedure total 10 times. Results : There were significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure and significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure treated by Gyeok pal sang saeng Yeok chim Acupuncture 10 times but pulse rate was not significantly decreased. The effect of Gyeok pal sang saeng Yeok chim Acupuncture by measurement time on blood pressure were follows: In a systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was gradually deceased significantly from 1st to 10th but pulse rate was not significantly decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that Gyeok pal sang saeng Yeok chim Acupuncture is effective in decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of the study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Hwang-gu Acupuncture in hypertensive patients. Methods : We measured the blood pressure of the patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical Clinic of Brother from 25th November 2005 to 27th March 2006. We included the patients only in case of the systolic blood pressure was over 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was over 90mmHg, Twenty two patients were treated by Hwang-gu Acupuncture. In order to evaluate the effect of the Hwang-gu Acupuncture, the blood pressure was measured before and after Acupuncture procedure total 4 times, 10times. Results : There were a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure and significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure by Hwang-gu Acupuncture 4 times. The effect of Hwang-gu Acupuncture by measurement time on blood pressure were follows: In a systolic blood pressure was gradually deceased significantly from 1st to 4th but diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after 2nd and 4th only. Conclusions : These results suggest that Hwang-gu Acupuncture is effective in decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to find the tracking of blood pressure in primary school-age children. A follow-up study was conducted from 1986 to 1990 on 330 first grade children attending primary schools in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Basically we employed a linear regression model with random coefficients to figure out the relation between blood pressure changes and initial blood pressure. We obtained the following results ; 1. The mean blood pressures were increased grade went up in both sexs and were generally higher in female than male except for the systolic blood pressure at first grade. The size of difference was about 0.8 mmHg in mean systolic blood pressure and 1.5 mmHg in mean diastolic blood pressure. 2. The average annual increasing rates of systolic blood pressure were 2.5 mmHg in male and 3.1 mmHg in female respectively. For the diastolic blood pressure IV the average annual increasing rates were observed to be 3.0 mmHg in male and 2.9 mmHg in female respectively. Increasing rate of systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in female than male. 3. The adjusted regression coefficient of systolic blood pressure change on initial value was -0.11 in male and -0.13 in female and that coefficient of diastolic blood pressure change on initial value was -0.01 in male and -0.11 in female. This result shows that children with higher initial blood pressure do not pick up their blood pressure faster than others with lower initial blood pressure. There is no evidence of tracking of blood pressure in children. It is essential to find the earliest age having the tracking of blood pressure and we leave it for the further study.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and resistive exercise program on hypertension in the elderly. Methods : Subjects were allocated into one of three groups (aerobic exercise group, resistive exercise group, control group). Blood pressure was measured pre- and post-exercise in each exercise group. Data were analyzed with paired t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine blood pressure differences. Results : The results of this study were as follows. 1) The systolic blood pressure of the aerobic exercise group decreased significantly after exercise (p<.05). 2) The diastolic blood pressure of the resistive exercise group decreased significantly after exercise (p<.05). 3) There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure of aerobic exercise group compared with control group following the exercise. 4) There was no significant differences in diastolic blood pressure among three groups following the exercise (p>.05). Conclusion : Aerobic exercise and resistive exercise program were effective in reducing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the hypertension in the elderly. Thus, this program can be recommended as an effective intervention for the elderly. Therefore, regular and continued those exercises will be the solution for decreasing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 1989

To show the distribution and change of blood pressure according to age and to find factors affecting the level of blood pressure in primary school children, a follow-up study was conducted from 1986 to 1989 on 401 first grade children attending primary school in Kangwha County in 1986 and their parents. The blood pressure of the children was significantly increased according to age. The average annual increase was 1.8mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 2.5mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. The level of blood pressure did not show any significant difference in both sexes. Among children who were at or above the 80th percentile of blood pressure in the first grade, 35 and 30% of them have remained at the same level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively in the fourth grade. But we could not find any significance in the tracking of blood pressure of children who were at or above the 90th percentile of blood pressure in the first grade. Weight and pulse rate were shown to be significant factors affecting systolic blood pressure in children of both sexes and mother's blood pressure and skinfold thickness were also affected systolic blood pressure in girls. The variables significantly affecting diastolic blood pressure were arm circumference and pulse rate for boys and height and pulse rate for girls.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop a new cuff to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement, and to evaluate the performance of the developed system. We added a small bladder to the normal cuff, which we refer to as the double bladder system. The system that we developed for blood pressure measurement was based on the oscillometric method using a double bladder. This system was developed in order to reduce the oscillation noise and to amplify the signal of pure blood pressure. An oscillometric signal database based on the developed system was evaluated according to the ANSI/AAMI/SP10-1992 standard. The correlation coefficients between the cuff of the double bladder and the normal cuff were 0.98 for systolic pressure and 0.94 for diastolic pressure. The mean differences and the standard deviations between the average blood pressure obtained from a mercury manometer and that obtained from an automated sphygmomanometer were -0.7mmHg and 4.9mmHg for systolic, and -1.4mmHg and 5.4mmHg for diastolic pressure. We conclude that the proposed double bladder-based cuff system improves the accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure measurement. The developed system reduces the range of error by about $44{\sim}62%$ for systolic pressure and about $6{\sim}21%$ for diastolic pressure compared to the most recently developed, commercially available sphygmomanometers.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2002

Purpose: This study evaluated the accuracy of electronic devices compared with mercury sphygmomanometer. Of 132 outpatients with electronic devices. 77 who possessed oscillometric cuff devices participated in this study. Method: When the blood pressure was measured, all electronic devices were connected by means of a Y-connector to a mercury sphygmomanometer. Using the simultaneous same arm approach, each comparison was carried out three times at 2-minute intervals. Results: Compared with the mercury sphygmomanometer, the electronic devices underestimated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively by $4.0{\pm}5.8mmHg$ and $2.5{\pm}67mmHg$, which satisfies the standard error range of the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. According to the British Hypertension Society criteria, these differences achieved C grade for both systolic and diastolic pressure. For the graphical analysis, the differences had a tendency to fulfill the permitted error limits in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the purchase duration was not correlated with the accuracy of electronic devices. Conclusion: These results indicate that difference in blood pressure between electronic devices and mercury sphygmomanometer is within the standard error. Therefore, electronic blood pressure measuring devices may be useful for therapeutic self-management of hypertension.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.347-358
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the blood pressure level and their sexual maturity and physical growth in the children at puberty. For this purpose, we estimated the blood pressure, physical growth and sexual maturity of the boys of 335 and girls of 373 who are in the middle schools which are located in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Both systolic and diastolic pressure were measured twice. Such physical growth as height, body weight, skin fold thickness, waist circumference, hip circumference and arm circumference were measured. The sexual maturity was estimated according to the classification of Tanner's 5-phase-sexual-maturity : in boys, their pubic hair development phase : in girls, their pubic hair and breast development phase and the menstrual experience. In the phase of the pubic hair development, the boy's sexual maturity was distributed into this; the 1 st 56.4%, the 2nd 29.3%, the 3rd 9.9%, the 4th 4.1% and the 5th 0.3%. While the girls sexual maturity was distributed into this the 1st 20.5%, the 2nd 34.9%, the 3rd 30.6% the 4th 12.6% and the 5th 1.3% in the phase of the pubic hair development, and the 1st 0.8%, the 2nd 13.7%, the 3rd 36.2%, the 4th 18.8% and the 5th 30.5% in the phase of the breast development. This indicated that the girls sexual maturity was higher than those of the boys. The girls menstrual experience rate accounted to the 58.2%. In order to see the relationship between the children's sexual maturity and blood pressure level, we regress blood pressure level on physical growth (i.e., height, BMI) and sexual maturity. Sexual maturity in treates as dummy variables. As the resulf of this analysis, the boys' sexual maturity has nothing to do with the blood pressure either systolic or diastolic. But the girl's systolic pressure was statistically significant ; the 9% of the physical growth, the 5% of the pubic hair development and the 4% of the breast development in sexual maturity was explained. In the girls' diastolic pressure, only their pubic hair development was statistically significant ; the 7% of the physical growth and the 7% of the pubic hair development in the diastolic was explained and the 5% of the physical growth in the diastolic Korotokoff phase IV and the 2% of the pubic hair development in the diastic Korotokoff phase was explained, especially, the girls exprienced menstruation, their systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly high (P<0.01). Conclusively, in the first grade children attending middle schools who are in the early process of the sexual development, the sexual maturity was not related to blood pressure level, on the other hand, the blood pressure level of the girls who are more sexual development than those of the boys' have something to do with sexual maturity and physical growth.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of S'NC nerve control treatment in hypertensive patients. Methods: We measured the blood pressure of 5 patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical Clinic of S'NC Medicine Research Institute from 19th April 2007 to 29th June 2007. Eligible participants had systolic blood pressure ${\ge}$140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ${\ge}$90mmHg. Blood pressure measurements were after the patient had been in bed rest for at least 10 min. Ten sessions of S'NC nerve control treatment over 2 weeks were performed in the patients. Blood pressure were measured twice before and after each treatment. Results : After 2 weeks, blood pressure reduction was observed in the treatment patients, with an average decline of systolic blood pressure up to 21mmHg and diastolic blood pressure up to 20mmHg. But, there were not statiscally significant The effects of S'NC nerve control treatment by measuring time on blood pressure were as follows: In a systolic blood pressure(p=0.087) and diastolic blood pressure(p=0.609) was gradually deceased not significantly from 1st to 10th. Conclusion: These results suggest that S'NC nerve control treatment may be efficacious in decreasing arterial blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Controlled trials investigating the efficacy of S'NC nerve control treatment for lowering blood pressure are warranted.