• 패션비즈니스
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

This study is aimed for men's jacket draft not only to other style but also helping for men's jacket fits for trend by presenting the course to get a style we want by adding to the partial drafty changes in existing pattern of men's formal jacket selected two kinds of men's jacket style fit for 1997 S/S trend. In this 1997 S/S trend, the trend I of the characteristic formal jacket is a style slim expressed over the basic formal wear, and trend II of the characteristic casual jacket appears to women's wear that roundly expressed by collar line of V-zone returened back by the shoulder line of jacket made of a big diagonal wrinkled line of X-style in front centered around a button of center front line. In this study, it called that the existing traditional formal jacket of men is a A style of jacket and jacket style I, II is a jacket B, C style. Jacket A, B, C style, a distingtion in draft that added to make form an oblique wrinkled line of the X-shaped-making artificially to the front button line sharply distinguished by eyes will be come out by control of front neck width over the back neck width. According to this, we shall be found that place of front neck point is a cardinal point in draft that will be added any changes in a style of jacket.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2007

In a companion paper, a rational mechanical model to predict the entire behavior of point-loaded RC slender beams (a/d > 2.5) without shear reinforcement was developed. This paper presents the test results of 9 slender shear beams and compares them with analytical results performed by the proposed model. They are grouped by two parameters, which are shear span ratio and concrete strength. Three kinds of concrete strength the 26.5, 39.2, and 58.8 MPa were included as a major experimental parameter together with different shear span ratios ranging from 3 to 6 depending on the test series. Tests were set up as a traditional 3 point bending test. Various measurements were taken to monitor abrupt shear failure. Test results were not only compared with analytical results from the proposed model, but also other formulas, to consider the various aspects of shear failure such as kinematical conditions or shear capacity. Finally, a review of the proposed model is presented with respect to the shear transfer mechanisms and the effect of test parameters. Results show that several assumptions and proposals adopted in the proposed model are rational and reasonable.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.423-436
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• 2023

In this research, we tested 10 simply supported concrete-encased composite columns under monotonic eccentric loads and investigated their shear behaviour. The specimens tested were two reinforced concrete specimens, three steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) specimens with an H-shaped steel section (also called a beam section), and five SRC specimens with a cruciform-shaped steel section (also called a column section). The experimental variables included the transverse steel shape's depth and the longitudinal steel flange's width. Experimental observations indicated the following. (1) The ultimate load-carrying capacity was controlled by web compression failure, defined as a situation where the concrete within the diagonal strut's upper end was crushed. (2) The composite effect was strong before the crushing of the concrete outside the steel shape. (3) We adjusted the softened strut-and-tie SRC (SST-SRC) model to yield more accurate strength predictions than those obtained using the strength superposition method. (4) The MSST-SRC model can more reasonably predict shear strength at an initial concrete softening load point. The rationality of the MSST-SRC model was inferred by experimentally observing shear behaviour, including concrete crushing and the point of sharp variation in the shear strain.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.982-988
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• 2002

철근콘크리트 기둥에서 원형 전단철근에 의한 전단강도 성분을 산정하는 기존의 기준식들은 일반적으로 그 강도를 과대평가하는 경향이 있다. 그 이유는 불연속분포로 이루어진 철근의 배근을 단순한 연속분포로 가정하는 데에서 기인하며, 또 다른 한편으로는 단면이 직사각형인 부재에 사용되는 설계식을 원형 단면에 그대로 적용함으로써 발생한다. 전단철근은 부재에 대각선균열이 발생하면서 그 역할이 시작된다고 할 수 있는데, 원형 단면은 직사각형 단면과는 달리 균열을 가로지르는 지점에 따라 전단력에 저항하는 성분이 달라지기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 원형 전단철근에 대하여 대각선 균열의 시작점과 그 균열을 가로지르는 전단철근의 개수, 그리고 원형단면 상에서의 저항성분의 변화를 고려한 새로운 강도모델을 제안하고자 하였다. 제안된 모델의 수학적인 해석에 따르면 균열을 가로지르는 철근의 개수가 적을수록 균열의 시작점 및 균열의 수직투영거리가 철근의 배근 간격과 이루는 배율이 철근의 전단저항에 미치는 영향이 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과로 도출된 불연속 모델을 설계에 이용될 수 있는 식으로 단순화시키기 위해 선형회귀법이 이용되었으며, 이렇게 유도된 설계방정식은 수학적 정해의 하한계 값에 부합하는 결과를 가져왔다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-118
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• 2015

The geometric nonlinearity of off-diagonal bracing system (ODBS) could be a complementary system to covering and extending the nonlinearity of reinforced concrete material. Finite element modeling is performed for flexural frame, x-braced frame and the ODBS braced frame system at the initial phase. Then the different models are investigated along various analyses. According to the experimental results of flexural and x-braced frame, the verification is done. Analytical assessments are performed in according to three dimensional finite element modeling. Nonlinear static analysis is considered to obtain performance level and seismic behaviour, and then the response modification factors calculated from each model's pushover curve. In the next phase, the evaluation of cracks observed in the finite element models, especially for RC members of all three systems is performed. The finite element assessment is performed on engendered cracks in ODBS braced frame for various time steps. The nonlinear dynamic time history analysis accomplished in different stories models for three records of Elcentro, Naghan and Tabas earthquake accelerograms. Dynamic analysis is performed after scaling accelerogram on each type of flexural frame, x-braced frame and ODBS braced frame one by one. The base-point on RC frame is considered to investigate proportional displacement under each record. Hysteresis curves are assessed along continuing this study. The equivalent viscous damping for ODBS system is estimated in according to references. Results in each section show the ODBS system has an acceptable seismic behaviour and their conclusions have been converged when the ODBS system is utilized in reinforced concrete frame.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권7호통권361호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

본 논문은 다중 셀 환경에서 MMSE 수신기를 가지는 MIMO MC-CDMA시스템의 출력 SINR을 점근적으로 분석한다. 단일 셀에서의 점근적 성능 분석이 다중셀 환경으로 확장 적용된다. 점근적 분석을 위한 Haar 유니터리 코드의 사용은 다른 셀로부터의 간섭성분이 대각성분들의 값이 다른 대각행렬로 나타나게 한다. 본 논문에서는 다른 셀의 코드 간섭 성분을 mean square측면에서 간섭의 전력으로 수렴함을 보이고, 셀간 간섭 성분이 주어질 때 점근적으로 특정 SINR값을 찾는다. 다중 셀에서의 거리에 따른 느린 페이딩을 로그노말 분포를 가정하여 구한 이론적인 비트오차 확률과 실험을 비교하여 비슷함을 보이고, 점근적 성능에 의한 데이터 전송 수율의 셀 반경에 따른 성능을 보인다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2024

Due to the fast development of constructions in recent years, there has been a rapid consumption of fresh water and river sand. In the production of concrete, alternatives such as sea water and sea sand are available. The near surface mounted (NSM) technique is one of the most important methods of strengthening. Aluminum alloy (AA) bars are non-rusting and suitable for usage with sea water and sand concrete (SSC). The goal of this study was to enhance the shear behaviour of SSC-beams strengthened with NSM AA bars. Twenty-four RC beams were cast from fresh water river sand concrete (FRC) and SSC before being tested in four-point flexure. All beams are the same size and have the same internal reinforcement. The major factors are the concrete type (FRC or SSC), the concrete degree (C25 or C50 with compressive strength = 25 and 50 MPa, respectively), the presence of AA bars for strengthening, the direction of AA bar reinforcement (vertical or diagonal), and the AA bar ratio (0, 0.5, 1, 1.25 and 2 %). The beams' failure mechanism, load-displacement response, ultimate capacity, and ductility were investigated. Maximum load and ductility of C25-FRC-specimens with vertical and diagonal AA bar ratios (1%) were 100,174 % and 140, 205.5 % greater, respectively, than a matching control specimen. The ultimate load and ductility of all SSC-beams were 16-28 % and 11.3-87 % greater, respectively, for different AA bar methods than that of FRC-beams. The ultimate load and ductility of C25-SSC-beams vertically strengthened with AA bar ratios were 66.7-172.7 % and 89.6-267.9 % higher than the unstrengthened beam, respectively. When compared to unstrengthened beams, the ultimate load and ductility of C50-SSC-beams vertically reinforced with AA bar ratios rose by 50-120 % and 45.4-336.1 %, respectively. National code proposed formulae were utilized to determine the theoretical load of tested beams and compared to matching experimental results. The predicted theoretical loads were found to be close to the experimental values.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.651-664
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop a rehabilitation technique for heavily earthquake damaged masonry buildings. A full scale one storey masonry building with window and door openings was manufactured and tested on the shock table by applying increased amplitude free vibration up to the point where heavy earthquake damage was observed. Damaged test building was rehabilitated with vertical and diagonal steel straps and then tested again. The effectiveness of improvements obtained by the rehabilitation technique was investigated. Steel straps improved the lateral strength and stiffness of masonry walls and limited the lateral displacement of building. Stability of the masonry walls were also improved by the steel straps. Steel straps reduced the natural period of the earthquake damaged masonry building and prevented the failure of the building at the same amplitude of free vibration.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.939-942
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• 2013

We provide a new solution for the projective reconstruction problem based on coupled line cameras (CLCs) and their geometric properties. The proposed solution is composed of a series of optimized steps, and each step is more efficient than those of the initial solution proposed in [1]. We also give a new determinant condition for rectangle determination, which leads to less ambiguity in implementation. The key steps of the proposed solution can be represented with more compact analytic equations due to the intuitive geometric interpretations of the projective reconstruction problem based on CLCs: the center of projection corresponds to the intersection point of the two solution circles of each line camera involved.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1812-1818
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• 2005

Even though SMA actuators have high power to volume ratio, there exist disadvantages such as hysteresis and saturation. So the model identification for SMA actuators is very difficult. For the qualitative model identification, we described the behavior of SMA actuators using a so-called diagonal model, which can readily expect the turning point of an incomplete phase transformation. For the quantitative model identification, we developed the general dynamics of SMA actuators using the modified Liang's model. Using this dynamics we can describe the hysteresis and the saturation very well. It is also very important to notice that the modified Liang's model maintains a continuous martensite fraction at the change of the phase transformation but the original model cannot.