• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.3.3-3
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• 1977

For a year from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1976, the authors have performed the clinical observation in accordance with audiometric test and clinical findings of 43 cases (male 25: female 18) who were diagnosed of diabetes mellitus in diabetic clinic of our hospital. The results are as follows; 1) Eight of 43 cases reveal hearing impairment, and almostly abrupt drop or descending in hearing types. 2) The incidence of hearing impairment is higher in middle and older age group. 3) Hearing impairment has not related to duration of the disease but blood sugar level and total serum cholesterol level in some extent. 4) The incidence of hearing impairment is higher in cases accompanied by complications such as retinopathy, hypertension, neuropathy etc. 5) In etiology of hearing impairment, multiple factors seem to be concerned.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.125-137
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• 2020

Objectives : Charcot neuroarthropathy(CN) is condition characterized by a progressive joint deformation with sensorial and autonomic neuropathy. This study is to report a case of CN improved by Korean medical treatment. Methods : The patient's left foot with CN was treated by Shudihuangkushen-tang, Haifu-san wet dressing, acupuncture and herbal acupuncture. We evaluated the progress by laboratory investigation, radiograph and photograph comparison, visual analogue scale(VAS) of edema and pain sensation. Results : After treatment, VAS score of edema dropped from 6 to 1, of pain sensation slightly improved from 0 to 1. Average blood sugar level decreased and rebounded, but Hemoglobin A1c level improved from 9.5% to 7.7%. Improvement of the left foot was recognized from the radiograph and photograph comparison. Conclusions : This study suggests Korean medicine is effective in treating CN, especially using Shudihuangkushen-tang, Haifu-san wet dressing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.741-749
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between reversed circadian blood pressure and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. The subjects in this study were 18 NIDDM patients who were hospitalized in a medical unit of an university medical center located in Incheon, Korea, between November, 1998 and March, 1999. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer by 2 trained examiners every 2 hours during 24 hours. NIDDM subjects were divided into a dipper group and non-dipper group. Dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime blood pressure(BP) drop of more than 10% compared with daytime BP. Non-dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime BP drop of less than 10%, or an elevation in BP compared with daytime BP. Daytime BP included values obtained between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Night time BP included values obtained between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Data was analyzed by SPSS/PC package. Chi-square( $^2$) test was used for the comparison of sex between The dipper group and non-dipper group. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons of values of the risk factors of peripheral vascular disease and the frequency of complications of diabetes between the dipper group and non-dipper group. The results are as follows. There were no significant differences in daytime systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures between the dipper group and non-dipper group. However, night time systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures in the non-dipper group were significantly nigher than those in the dipper group (p=.021). There were no differences in sex, age, body, weight, duration of diabetes, serum lipid levels, BUN and HbA1c between the two groups. On the contrary, 87.5% of non-dipper group subjects showed having hypertension, 30% of dipper group subjects showed having hypertension and this difference was statistically significant (p=.018). All of the non-dipper group subjects (N=8) showed having at least one diabetic complication. However, 40% of the dipper group subjects (N=10) showed having no diabetic complication at all and this difference was also statistically significant (p=.049). There were no significant differences in frequency of nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy between the dipper group and non-dipper group.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.60-66
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new detection method for early diagnosing diabetic neuropathic foot by obtaining a ratio of toe to finger blood flow using photoplethysmography(PPG) and Laser Doppler(LD). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been routinely used for diagnosing neuropathic foot, but it applies strong electric stimulus to peripheries resulting in stress and pain. The blood flow ratio of 50 neuropathic diabetes($0.96{\pm}0.20$) was significantly higher than that of 64 normal person($0.46{\pm}0.15$)(p<0.000). It also showed that toe temperature of neuropathic diabetes($30.5{\pm}1.4^{\circ}C$) was significantly higher than that of normal group($29.3{\pm}2.0^{\circ}C$)(p<0.000). The optimal boundary value of the blood flow ratio was found to be 0.678 and the sensitivity and specificity of this proposed method resulted in 95.3% and 95.3% respectively. Lastly, there were no neuropathic diabetes whose temperature difference between finger and toe was higher than $4.5\;^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-120
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• 2010

Objective : To review the trend of the study related to Leech therapy and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on Leech therapy. Methods : I reviewed and analyzed all the theses published in Domestic and Foreign research institution from 1990 to 2009. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Analyzed number of theses published, there was no significance per year. 2. Classified by theme of journal, journals related to surgery were most(41 journals, 75.92%) among 54 kinds. 3. Classified by theses by research method and thesis types, case report accounted for nearly twothirds (52 pieces, 68.42%) of all theses and consideration of document was next(9 pieces, 11.84%). 4. With the most case of venous congestion after plastic and reconstructive surgery(33 pieces, 63.46%), leech therapy was effective on illnesses such as haematoma, macroglossia, purpura, varicous vein, avulsion injury, neurovascular compression, diabetic neuropathy, penoscrotal oedema, buerger's disease, rheumatoid arthritis. 5. Two most appeared adverse effects were anemia and infection. Immediate blood transfusion was done for recovering anemia and prophylactic 3rd generation antibiotics to infection were emphasized in more than half of case reports. 6. All of consideration of documents was retrospective study of cases related leech therapy and 3 pieces of them emphasized prophyratic antibiotic treatment for preventing infection. 7. The study of clinical trail type started first in 2002 and osteoarthritis of knee and carpometacarpal joint were main target. As see above result, Leech therapy was effective cure and could be used in disease induced by venous congestion. And I think that it is necessary to perform additional study related to solution of problems about leech therapy and protocol for using in clinical practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.115-115
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• 1997

A new capsaicin analog modified with 4-hydroxyl and alkyl chain of capsaicin was a very potent antiinflammatory analgesic drug and may be clinically useful for those who have rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy and cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate histopathology after short and long term application of poloxamer-based gels, and percutaneous absorption of various topical formulations. Poloxamer-based gel was prepared by cold method using poloxamer 407. The poloxamer gels was applied to dorsal sites of hairless mouse skin during one week or one month for the evaluation of skin irritation. The applied site was then sectioned for histopathologic examination. The topical formulations were also prepared using CMC, HPMC, MC, carbopol and glycerylmono stearate. Skin variation of poloxamer gels was studied using excised hairless mouse, rat, hamster and human penis skin. Franz-type diffusion cells were used far skin penetration of drug against receptor phase filled with about 10$m\ell$ of 0.9% saline solution kept at 32$^{\circ}C$. The concentration of drug was determined by the reverse phased C18, Symmetry HPLC with fluorometeric detector. No skin erythema was observed after dorsal application of poloxamer-based gels for one week or one month. No histopathologic changes was also examined, suggesting no skin toxicity of poloxamer-based gels. The order of flux rate was HPMC > MC ( CMC > poloxamer >> glycerylmono stearate ( carbopol. There was a skin variation of poloxamer gels. The flux rate of poloxamer gels was highest in case of hairless mouse followed by rat, human and hamster skin. The Partial support-Ministry of Science and Engineering (HAN project).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 1998

Background: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) have been used for various pain syndromes for their analgesic effects. They, however, often have anticholinergic side effects and therefore search for more selective drugs with fewer side effects is justified. Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor devoid of autonomic side effects, was evaluated for its role as an analgesic adjuvant in the management of neuropathic pain. Method: According to individual diagnostic group as diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, central pain syndrome and cancer related plexopathy, 10 patients per each group were equally accumulated. Patients have been stabilized in their analgesic regimen at least four weeks prior to enrollment into study. TCA, if taken, was discontinued for two weeks for wash out period. Baseline four point verbal pain intensity score was obtained and oral administration of paroxetine 20 mg was initiated. At two weeks follow-up visit, pain intensity scores, pain improvement scores judged by family, drug efficacy, tolerability and overall evaluation were assessed. The incidence of side effects were also obtained. Result: After two weeks of treatment, pain intensity scores decreased in 77.5% of patients and no patients experienced aggravation. These findings were objectively reflected in pain improvement scores judged by family members. But, the number of nonresponders was different among groups. In drug efficacy, tolerability and overall evaluation, the proportions of patients who scored as excellent or good were 75%, 80% and 80% respectively. Incidence of side effects was 27.5%, but the side effects spontaneously disappeared after discontinuation of medication. Conclusion: Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, appears to be effective as adjuvant analgesic for the management of various neuropathic pain syndromes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

Objective : Asymptomatic cyst of the pineal gland is a common incidental finding in adults on computerized tomography or magnetic resonance image(MRI) or at postmortem examination. This study was conducted to identify MRI findings of the benign pineal cysts and to determine the proper management of asymptomatic pineal cysts. Methods : From January 1995 to March 1999, 13 cases of asymptomatic pineal cysts were diagnosed incidentally on MRI. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 43 years(ranged 8 to 69 years). Five patients were females and eight patients were males. We analyzed the clinical presentations and MRI findings. Results : Clincal features were not related to pineal cysts in all 13 cases included posttraumatic headache in seven cases, headache related to brain tumor in two cases, one of facial palsy, one of diabetic neuropathy, and two of other diseases. MRI demonstrated a well-demarcated mass lesion(mean 1.3cm in diameter) of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI, performed in 10 cases, demonstrated a rim enhancement. Hydrocephalus was not present in all cases. Follow-up MRI(ranged 12 to 36 months) obtained in 3 of the 13 patients showed stability of cyst size. After symptomatic treatment, presenting symptoms were resolved in all patients and symptom related to pineal cysts have not been developed during follow up period(mean 27 months). Conclusion : The long-term behavior of asymptomatic pineal cysts is still unknown. But we advocate conservative management of these benign pineal cysts that may be developmental variants of normal pineal gland.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1774-1780
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic neuropathy, and glycemic control, self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients. This was a cross sectional descriptive study and data were collected between May 10 and 31, 2011 using a questionnaire and medical record. The participants were 108 with DM who were treated at the endocrine medical outpatient department. The data were analyzed Pearson's correlation with SPSS WIN program. The mean scores of neuropathic pain and self-management were $9.3{\pm}1.4$(Range 0-14.64) and $5.40{\pm}0.76$(Range 1-7), respectively. There were 33.3% of the patients whose HbA1c levels are higher than 7.5%. Neuropathic pain was positively correlated with glycemic control(r=.18, p=.035), and was negatively correlated with self-management(r=-.19, p=.023).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2019

Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, a member of the flavonol group, has been reported to be effective for inflammatory and ulcer, as well as to alleviate diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside has been extracted from several plants. Biotransformation is a valuable tool, which is used to produce value-added chemicals with inexpensive compounds. To synthesis isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside from quercetin, two genes (PGT E82L and ROMT-9) were introduced into Escherichia coli, respectively. In order to synthesis isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside from quercetin, a co-culture fermentation system was developed by optimizing the medium and temperature for biotransformation, the cell mix ratio, Isopropyl-β-ᴅ-thiogalactoside induction time, and quercetin feed concentration. Finally, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside was biosynthesized up to 181.2 mg/L under the optimized biotransformation condition, which was higher 4.7 times than previously reported (39.6 mg/L).