• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

Hot tool steel, in general, has not been used as a material in hot forging. However such a hot tool steel is recently applied to forging materials by recent forging technology. DH32 is known as a kind of hot tool steels, which is developed for characteristics of excellent strength and toughness in high temperature. Feasibility of DH32 to hot forging material has been researched to develop the hot forging technology of a plunger used for a large-sized marine fuel pump. Hot compression experimental works were performed to investigate the hot strain characteristic of DH32 and with the experimental results FE simulations were also conducted for the design of forging processes and preform. It is found out through the hot compression experimental works that DH32 has a hot brittleness at more than $1150^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

Any relative deformation between the cutting tool and the workpiece at the machining point, results directly in form and dimensional errors. The source of relative deformations between the cutting tool and the workpiece at the contact point may be due to thermal, weight, and cutting forces. This paper presents an investigation into dry and fluid machining with the objective of evaluating shape accuracy effect for the turning process of Al6061. The thermal distribution of cutting tool and cutting force was predicted using finite element method after measuring the temperature of the tool holder. To reach this goal, shape accuracy turning experiments are carried out according to cutting conditions with dry and fluid machining methods. The variable cutting conditions are cutting speed, depth of cutting and feed rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.880-883
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• 2006

The reduction of tool vibration has been a serious issue for both employers and workers because of the risks of vibration transmitted to the workers. In this study a hand-arm vibration measurement and evaluation system was developed based on ISO 5349:2001 and used for analyzing relation of vibration level and components of tools. This system consists of a notebook PC installed a LabVIEW program and the data acquisition system including two 3-axial accelerometers and a NI-DAQ card. Vibration measurement tests were conducted for eight angle grinders and four impact wrenches where 3 subjects were used for each of the tools. The relation between different components of each tool and its vibration total value made it possible to set-up a guideline of tool design. In the past engineers developed tools by using their experience and intuition, but by using this system it became possible to design tool components so as to minimize the risks of hand-transmitted vibration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.749-758
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for measuring the intra-operative caring as perceived by regional anesthesia patients. Methods: A preliminary instrument with 54 questions, based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 11 regional anesthesia patients, was developed. A group of experts revised individual questions, and 34 questions were finally selected. This tool was tested with 137 regional anesthesia patients admitted to D university hospital in B city from August to October 2008. Results: The validity and reliability of the tool were tested using factor analysis. After item analysis, one question with a correlation coefficient under .30 was discarded After performing factor analysis on the final 33 questions, 7 factors were identified; holistic needs fulfillment, consideration, protective environment, cautiousness, concern, information, physical comfort. The total variance shown in the test was 73.5%. A Cronbach alpha of 0.96 showed the reliability of the instrument. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that the tool is statistically reliable and valid to measure the intra-operative caring perceived by regional anesthesia patients. This tool can be utilized usefully in assessing the effects of nursing interventions for regional anesthesia patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the need for hospice care in families of patients with cancer. Method : Research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 3 stages : first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire about the needs for hospice care that was given to 8 families of patients with cancer; second, a panel of specialists reduced the number of preliminary items using 2 validity tests on the contents. Finally, reliability and validity were tested by a sample of 98 families who have a patient with cancer from April 2003 to July 2004. Result: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .94 for the final total 22 items. Using the factor analysis, 4 factors with eigenvalue of more than 1.0 were extracted and these factors explained 65% of the total variance. The four factors were labeled as 'control of terminal physical problems', 'emotional care', 'spiritual care for preparing for death', and 'family support'. The final items of the tool developed on the need of hospice care consisted of 22 items. Conclusion : The instrument, for accessing the need for hospice care in families of patients with cancer, developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for implementing and improving hospice care for patients with terminal cancer.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.773-781
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• 2011

In this paper, a sensory effect authoring tool is introduced to effectively generate sensory effect metadata for sensible media. Sensible media manifests sensory effects in the media to real world by stimulating sensory organs of human. It is emerging as a new media to enhance the user's immersion towards media. For the successful deployment of the sensible media industry, an effective authoring tool is required to provide easy authoring of sensory effect metadata. The result of the authoring tool design and development based on MPEG-V(ISO/IEC 23005-3) International Standard is presented in this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The development of flexible automation in the manufacturing industry is concerned with production activities performed by unmanned machining system A major topic relevant to metal-cutting operations is monitoring toll wear, which affects process efficiency and product quality, and implementing automatic toll replacements. In this paper, the measurement of the cutting force components has been found to provide a method for an in-process detection of tool wear. The static com-ponents of cutting force have been used to detect flank wear. To eliminate the influence of variations in cutting conditions, tools, and workpiece materials, the force modeling is performed for various cutting conditions. The normalized force dis-parities are defined in this paper, and the relationships between normalized disparity and flank were are established. Final-ly, artificial neural network is used to learn these relationships and detect tool wear. According to proposed method, the static force components could provide the effective means to detect flank wear for varying cutting conditions in turning operation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined the validity and reliability to develop a lifestyle evaluation tool for metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: A methodological research design was used. The construct factors and preliminary items were identified by reviewing previous researches and tools related to lifestyle and reviewed by ten experts. It was tested with 195 patients with metabolic syndrome in a university hospital. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 14.0. Results: To test the validity, principal component analyses were used and resulted in the extraction of six components. The convergent validity resulted r= .72 (p<.001) with Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile. The discriminant validity with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale resulted r= -.15 (p=.004). The Internal consistency of the tool had an Cronbach's a of .92. The self-report format Lifestyle Evaluation Tool for the patients with metabolic syndrome was developed with 36 items and four-rating scales:'physical activity and weight control' eight items, 'dietary habits' sixteen items, 'drinking and smoking' three items, 'sleep and rest' two items, 'stress' three items, 'drug and health management' four items. Conclusion: This Tool will evaluate health behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Also, it will contribute to the development of nursing intervention to improve the metabolic syndrome patients' lifestyle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.729-738
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• 2004

Purpose: 'Yangsaeng' is a traditional health care regimen for the promotion of health and prevention of illnesses ty means of specific principles and methods for the purpose of living a long and healthy life. The purpose of this paper was to develop a tool in measuring Yangsaeng and to verify its reliability and validity. Method: Content validity was conducted three times by 8 experts. Factor analysis was conducted to test its construct validity. Result: Thirty-one items were selected in 8 factors; Morality Yangsaeng, Mind Yangsaeng, Diet Yangsaeng, Activity & rest Yangsaeng, Exercise Yangsaeng, Seasonal Yangsaeng, Sleep Yangsaeng and Sex life Yangsaeng. The explanatory variance is 61.76%. Cronbach's alpha of the final tool is .89 and that of each factor is .68～.82. The analysis of the items shows that the item-total correlation is .40 or higher. Criterion-related validity was verified with the CMCHS V1.0 and the KoHSME V1.0. Conclusion: Since the tool developed in this study was verified in terms of its reliability and validity, it could be utilized as a tool for evaluating the extent of Yangsaeng.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2006

This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics for new micro tool dynamometer by using the ultrahigh-speed air turbine spindle. Recently, the ultrahigh-speed micro flat endmilling has been investigated actively due to request of accuracy improvement and productivity of die and mould manufacturing. To perform efficient ultrahigh-speed micro flat endmilling, evaluation of ultrahigh-speed machinability must be studied preferentially and it can be identified by investigation of cutting force. The cutting forces in ultrahigh-speed micro flat endmilling can be measured by micro tool dynamometer. But general dynamometer has low natural frequency and so is improper for measuring very high frequency cutting forces in ultrahigh-speed micro flat endmilling. In this study, the micro tool dynamometer which has very high natural frequency is newly designed.