• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2022

This research work deals with the development of air pluviation method for preparing uniform sand specimens for conducting large scale laboratory testing. Simulating real field conditions and to get reliable results, air pluviation method is highly desirable. This paper presents a special technique called air pluviation or sand raining technique for achieving uniform relative density. The apparatus is accompanied by a hopper, shutters with different orifice sizes and numbers and set of sieves. Before using this apparatus, calibration curves are drawn for relative density against different height of fall (H) and shutter sizes. From these calibration curves, corresponding to the desired relative density of 60%, the shutter size of 13mm and height of fall of 457.2 mm, are selected and maintained throughout the pluviation process. The density obtained from the mobile pluviator is then verified using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test where the soil is poured in the box using defined shutter size and fall height. The results obtained from the DCP test are averaged as 60±0.5 which was desirable. The mobile pluviator used in this research is also capable of obtaining relative densities up to 90%. The instrument is validated using experimental and numerical approach. In numerical study, Plaxis 3D software is used in which the soil mass is defined by 10-Node tetrahedral elements and 6-Node plate is used to simulate plate behavior in the validation phase. The results obtained from numerical approach were compared with that of experimental one which showed very close correlation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

Empirical erosion models like Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) models have been widely used to make spatially distributed soil erosion vulnerability maps. Even if the models detect vulnerable sites relatively well utilizing big data related to climate, geography, geology, land use, etc within study domains, they do not adequately describe the physical process of soil erosion on the ground surface caused by rainfall or overland flow. In other words, such models are still powerful tools to distinguish the erosion-prone areas at large scale, but physics-based models are necessary to better analyze soil erosion and deposition as well as the eroded particle transport. In this study a physics-based soil erosion modeling system was developed to produce both runoff and sediment yield time series at watershed scale and reflect them in the erosion and deposition maps. The developed modeling system consists of 3 sub-systems: rainfall pre-processor, geography pre-processor, and main modeling processor. For modeling system validation, we applied the system for various erosion cases, in particular, rainfall-runoff-sediment yield simulation and estimation of probable maximum sediment (PMS) correlated with probable maximum rainfall (PMP). The system provided acceptable performances of both applications.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.621-647
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 교육적 맥락과 언어적 차이 등이 고려된 한국어판 영재아 행동특성 평정척도를 개발하여 그 척도를 타당화 시키는데 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Renzulli외(2002)에 의해 개정된 SRBCSS를 번안 지침에 의거하여 우리말로 번안한 뒤 6개 항목에 대한 55개의 문항과 한국적 상황에 필요하다고 생각되는 3개 문항을 추가하여 58개의 문항으로 구성된 한국어판 행동특성 평정척도(K-SRBCSS)를 완성하였다. 영재아 126명과 일반아 126명에 대해 교사와 부모가 실시한 행동특성 평정 결과를 살펴본 결과 이척도는 타당하고 신뢰할 만한 도구임이 입증되었으며 이 척도를 이용하여 영재아와 일반아의 행동특성을 평정한 결과 두 집단 간 유의미한 차이를 드러내어 이 척도가 영재아 판별에 있어 변별력을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 한편 이 척도로 교사와 부모의 행동특성 평정 차이를 검증한 결과 두 평정자간의 차이가 거의 없는 것으로 나타나 영재 판별시 특수한 상황에서 교사와 부모 어느 한 쪽의 평정만을 활용하여 일반화 하는 것이 가능하다는 시사점도 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.983-990
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• 2011

Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been used to estimate potential long-term soil erosion in the fields. However, the USLE does not estimate sediment yield due to lack of module considering sediment delivery ratio (SDR) for watershed application. For that reason, the Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) system was developed and applied to compute the sediment yield at watershed scale. However, the R factor of current SATEEC Ver. 2.1 was estimated based on 5-day antecedent rainfall, it is not related with fundamental concept of R factor. To compute R factor accurately, the energy of rainfall strikes should be considered. In this study, the R module in the SATEEC system was enhanced using formulas of Williams, Foster, Cooley, CREAMS which could consider the energy of rainfall strikes. The enhanced SATEEC system ver. 2.2 was applied to the Imha watershed and monthly sediment yield was estimated. As a result of this study, the $R^2$ and NSE values are 0.591 and 0.573 for calibration period, and 0.927 and 0.911 for validation period, respectively. The results demonstrate the enhanced SATEEC System estimates the sediment yield suitably, and it could be used to establish the detailed environmental policy standard using USLE input dataset at watershed scale.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2022

본 연구는 자기 결정성 이론에 근거한 의대생의 학업 동기 척도를 개발하고 타당화하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 74명을 대상으로 예비문항을 구성한 후, 예비조사와 본 조사는 각 148명과 300명을 대상으로 2020년 9월에서 11월까지 시행하였다. 자료 분석은 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석을 이용하였다. 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석결과, 구성 타당도가 검증되었다. 무동기, 외적 조절, 내사 조절, 동일시 조절, 내재적 동기의 5요인의 모형 적합도 지수는 양호하였다. 요인별 신뢰도는 0.760에서 0.933의 범위로 양호하였다. 학업 동기는 학업적 자기효능감과 학교생활만족도와 상관관계를 보여 준거 타당도가 검증되었다. 본 척도는 의대생의 학업 동기를 측정하는 타당하고 신뢰할 수 있는 도구로 확인되었으며, 추후 의대생의 학업 동기 관련 연구에 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.606-620
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 아동의 놀이 양식 및 선호를 측정할 수 있는 아동 놀이성향 척도(CPDS)를 개발하고 타당화하는 것으로, 만 5-7세 아동(월령 범위 51~106개월)의 부모 437명을 대상으로 설문을 진행했다. 이를 위해, 먼저 선행 연구 및 다중지능이론과 관련 척도를 검토하여 예비문항을 개발하였다. 전문가를 통해 문항의 적절성 및 타당성을 확인받은 뒤, 문항들은 탐색적 요인 분석을 거쳐 최종적으로 6요인의 27문항으로 확정되었다. 6요인은 각각 주도성, 언어성, 탐구성, 예술성, 운동성, 감수성이다. 본 척도의 공인타당도는 CPDS의 각 요인과 유아용/초등용 다중 지능 체크리스트의 하위 요인 및 총점간의 관계를 통해 산출하였으며, CPDS 각 요인의 신뢰도 범위는 .53~.79이다. 본 척도는 아동의 발달적 강점을 강화하고, 약점은 보완하여 아동 발달을 지원하는데 필요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대하며, 향후 아동의 놀이 콘텐츠 제공과 놀이방법 등을 적절하게 지도하는데 기여할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.851-856
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is a major health problem among women around the world. Recent developments in screening and treatment have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in developed countries. However, in developing countries breast cancer mortality remains high.Breast cancer awareness is a first and important step in reducing breast cancer mortality. The development of a validated instrument to measure breast cancer awareness is crucial for the understanding and implementation of suitable health education programs to facilitate early deletion and minimize mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an instrument for the assessment of breast cancer awareness in Thai women. Materials and Methods: This methodological study was conducted in two stages: (1) literature searches and semi-structured interviews were conducted to generate items of the breast cancer awareness scale (B-CAS) which were subsequently examined for content and face validity, and (2) an exploration of the factor structure of the resulting instrument and an examination of its reliability. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire in Thai women aged 20-64 in August, 2015. Results: A total of 219 women (response rate 97.4 %) participated in this validation study. The B-CAS contains five domains with 53 items on breast cancer awareness: 1) knowledge of risk factors, 2) knowledge of signs and symptoms, 3) attitude to breast cancer prevention, 4) barriers of breast screening, and 5) health behavior related to breast cancer awareness. Items with a content validity index < 0.80 were excluded, and factor structure for the remaining items reflected the hypothesized five factor model. The scales based on all retained items was shown to have strongly internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.86$). Conclusions: The B-CAS provides good psychometric properties to assess breast cancer awareness in women. It can be used to examine breast cancer awareness in Thai women and it could lead to the development and evaluation of suitable educational interventions for raising breast cancer awareness. Future research should focus on further validating the B-CAS including an assessment of construct and criterion-based validity.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2015

연구목적 본 연구는 '섬망환자의 지각된 낙인 척도(Perceived Stigma of Delirium Scale, PSDS)'를 개발하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하여 섬망을 경험한 환자의 지각된 낙인을 측정하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 기존 문헌과 낙인 관련 척도를 고찰 및 참고하여 7문항의 PSDS 예비 척도를 구성하고, 섬망에서 회복된 128명의 환자를 대상으로 PSDS와 디스트레스 온도계(Distress Thermometer, DT)를 측정하였다. 탐색적 요인 분석을 시행하여 낙인 척도의 요인 구조를 확인하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위해 내적 일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 분석하였다. 공시타당도는 PSDS 총점과 DT의 상관 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 결 과 예비 척도의 요인 분석을 시행한 결과 단일 요인이 추출되었다. 예비 척도 7문항 중 1개 문항은 낮은 요인 부하량을 가져 제외하였다. PSDS의 내적 일치도의 분석을 위해 시행한 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ 값은 0.85였다. PSDS 총점의 검사-재검사간 상관 계수는 0.71이었으며, 각 문항별 상관 계수는 0.58에서 0.83사이었다. PSDS의 총점과 DT는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 본 연구는 PSDS가 섬망에서 회복된 환자의 지각된 낙인을 측정하는데 있어서 신뢰할만한 도구임을 확인하 였다. 본 척도 연구를 기반으로, 후속 연구와 다기관 연구를 통해 임상적 유용성의 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

전세계적으로 방사성폐기물을 포함한 오염물질 심부처분관련연구는 실험실에서 단위현상들에 대한 관찰 및 자료측정부터 시작하지만, 이 실험자료들은 실제처분장조건을 완벽하게 구비한 상태에서 측정한 것이 아니므로 자료의 검증과 신뢰도 확보가 중요하다. 이런 부분 뿐만 아니라 공학적 규모에서 처분시스템의 성능평가를 위해 지하연구시설을 건설하여 관련연구를 진행하게 된다. 그렇지만, 지하연구시설은 많은 투자비가 든다는 점 외에 환경문제가 중요한 사회적 갈등으로 나타날 가능성이 많다. 이런 지하연구시설을 이용해 실험시 고려해야할 사항들을 검토하고, 세계적인 연구현황과 특징들을 기술하였다. 또, 한국에서 최근 비방사능실험시설로 소규모 지하연구시설을 인허가 받고 본격적인 연구시행단계에 진입하였는데, 오염물질이동관련 연구계획들을 중심으로 소개하였다.