Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2022.28.5.521

Uniform large scale cohesionless soil sample preparation using mobile pluviator  

Jamil, Irfan (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology)
Ahmad, Irshad (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology)
Ullah, Wali (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology)
Junaid, Muhammad (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology)
Khan, Shahid Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology)
Publication Information
Geomechanics and Engineering / v.28, no.5, 2022 , pp. 521-529 More about this Journal
Abstract
This research work deals with the development of air pluviation method for preparing uniform sand specimens for conducting large scale laboratory testing. Simulating real field conditions and to get reliable results, air pluviation method is highly desirable. This paper presents a special technique called air pluviation or sand raining technique for achieving uniform relative density. The apparatus is accompanied by a hopper, shutters with different orifice sizes and numbers and set of sieves. Before using this apparatus, calibration curves are drawn for relative density against different height of fall (H) and shutter sizes. From these calibration curves, corresponding to the desired relative density of 60%, the shutter size of 13mm and height of fall of 457.2 mm, are selected and maintained throughout the pluviation process. The density obtained from the mobile pluviator is then verified using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test where the soil is poured in the box using defined shutter size and fall height. The results obtained from the DCP test are averaged as 60±0.5 which was desirable. The mobile pluviator used in this research is also capable of obtaining relative densities up to 90%. The instrument is validated using experimental and numerical approach. In numerical study, Plaxis 3D software is used in which the soil mass is defined by 10-Node tetrahedral elements and 6-Node plate is used to simulate plate behavior in the validation phase. The results obtained from numerical approach were compared with that of experimental one which showed very close correlation.
Keywords
cohesionless soil; DCP; mobile pluviator; relative density;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Mohammadi, S.D., Nikoudel, M.R., Rahimi, H. and Khamehchiyan, M. (2008), "Application of the dynamic cone penetrometer (dcp) for determination of the engineering parameters of sandy soils", Eng. Geol., 101(3-4), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGGEO.2008.05.006.   DOI
2 Choi, S.K., Lee, M.J., Choo, H., Tumay, M.T. and Lee, W. (2010), "Preparation of a large size granular specimen using a rainer system with a porous plate", Geotech. Test. J., 33(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ101634.   DOI
3 Dastpak, P., Abrishami, S., Sharifi, S. and Tabaroei, A. (2020), "Experimental study on the behavior of eccentrically loaded circular footing model resting on reinforced sand", Geotext. Geomembranes, 48(5), 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.03.009.   DOI
4 Della, N., Arab, A., Belkhatir, M., Missoum, H., Bacconnet, C. and Boissier, D. (2010), "Effect of the initial structure on the behavior of chelf sand", Acta Geotechnica Slovenia, 2, 5-15.
5 Fretti, C., Presti, D.L. and Pedroni, S. (1995), "A pluvial deposition method to reconstitute well-graded sand specimens", Geotech. Test. J., 18(2), 292-298. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10330J.   DOI
6 Gade, V.K. andka, S.M. (2016), "Development of a mechanized traveling pluviator to prepare reconstituted uniform sand specimens", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 28(2), 04015117. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001396.   DOI
7 Meyerhof, G.G. (1959), "Compaction of sands and bearing capacity of piles", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 85(6), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000231.   DOI
8 Miura, S. and Toki, S. (1982), "A sample preparation method and its effect on static and cyclic deformation-strength properties of sand", Soils Found., 22(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.22.61.   DOI
9 Bildik, S. and Laman, M. (2015), "Experimental investigation of the effects of pipe location on the bearing capacity", Geomech. Eng., 8(2), 221-235. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.2.221.   DOI
10 Bhaumik, L., Rutherford, C., Olson, S., Hashash, Y., Cerna-Diaz, A., Numanoglu, O. and Weaver, T. (2020), "Effect of specimen preparation on volumetric behavior of sands under cyclic multidirectional shear", Geotech. Test. J., 43(1), 1101-1119. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20190008.   DOI
11 Choi, Y.S., Lee, J., Prezzi, M. and Salgado, R. (2017), "Response of pile groups driven in sand subjected to combined loads", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 35(4), 1587-1604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0194-z.   DOI
12 Dastpak, P., Abrishami, S., Anbarani, M.R. and Dastpak, A. (2021), "Effect of perforated plates on the relative density of uniformly graded reconstituted sands using air pluviation method", T. Infrastruct. Geotech., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-021-00150-1.   DOI
13 Hariprasad, C., Rajashekhar, M. and Umashankar, B. (2016), "Preparation of uniform sand specimens using stationary pluviation and vibratory methods", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 34(6), 1909-1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0064-0.   DOI
14 Hong, W.T. and Lee, J.S. (2018), "Application of a nondestructive method to evaluate the active layer in a cold region", Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 9(3), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2017.00213.   DOI
15 Kazemi, M. and Bolouri, J.B. (2018), "A curtain traveling pluviator to reconstitute large scale sand specimens", Geomech. Eng., 14(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.14.2.13.   DOI
16 Saussus, D.R., Frost, D. and Ashmawy, A.K. (2000). "Variations in membrane contact patterns of reconstituted sand specimens", Geotech. Test. J., 23(4), 522-531. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11072J.   DOI
17 Tabaroei, A., Abrishami, S. and Hosseininia, E.S. (2017), "Comparison between two different pluviation setups of sand specimens", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 29(10), 04017157. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001985.   DOI
18 Presti, D.L., Berardi, R., Pedroni, S. and Crippa, V. (1993), "A new traveling sand pluviator to reconstitute specimens of well-graded silty sands", Geotech. Test. J., 16(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10263J.   DOI
19 Rad, N.S. and Tumay, M.T. (1987), "Factors affecting sand specimen preparation by raining", Geotech. Test. J., 10(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10136J.   DOI
20 Shahadat Hossain, M. (2009), "Determination of relative density of sand using dynamic cone resistance data", MS.c. Dissertation, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
21 Zhao, Y., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2006), "In situ seismic monitoring during centrifuge tests of jacked piles", In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, ICPMG, Hong Kong, August, 2006.
22 Dave, T.N. and Dasaka, S.M. (2012), "Assessment of portable traveling pluviator to prepare reconstituted sand specimens", Geomech. Eng., 4(2), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2012.4.2.079.   DOI
23 Ghosh, P., Srinivasan, V. and Srivastava, S. (2016), "A systematic approach towards the assessment of sand bed preparation using the air pluviation technique", In Geo-Chicago, 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480151.020.   DOI
24 Gade, V.K. and Dasaka, S.M. (2017), "Assessment of air pluviation using stationary and movable pluviators", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 29(5), 06016023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001798.   DOI
25 Srinivasan, V., Srivastava, S. and Ghosh, P. (2016), "Optimization and parametrical investigation to assess the reconstitution of different types of Indian sand using portable travelling pluviator", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 34(1), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9928-y.   DOI
26 Tabaroei, A., Abrishami, S., Seyedi Hosseininia, E. and Ganjian, N. (2018), "A study on bearing capacity of circular footing resting on geogrid reinforced granular soil", Amirkabir J. Civil Eng., 50(5), 973-986. https://doi.org/10.22060/CEEJ.2017.13150.5339.   DOI
27 Walker, B.P. and Whitaker, T. (1967), "An apparatus for forming uniform beds of sand for model foundation tests", Geotechnique, 17(2), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1967.17.2.161.   DOI
28 Khari, M., Kassim, K.A.B. and Adnan, A.B. (2011)," The influence of effective confining pressure on site response analyses", Asian J. Earth Sci., 4(3), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajes.2011.148.156.   DOI