• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2000

cdma2000 offers several enhancement as compared to TIA/EIA-95, although it remains fully compatible with TIA/EIA-95 systems and allows for a smooth migration from one to the other-Major new capability include:1)connectivity to GSM-MAP in addition to IP and IS-41 networks; 2) new layering with new LAC and MAC architectures for improved service multiplexing and QoS management and efficient use of radio resource ;3) new bands and band widths of operation in support of various operator need and constraints, as well as desire for a smooth and progressive migration to cdma 2000; and 4) flexible channel structure in support of multiple services with various QoS and variable transmission rates at up to 1 Mbps per channel and 2 Mbps per user. Given the phenomenal success of wireless services and desire for higher rate wireless services. improved spectrum efficiency was a major design goal in the elaboration of cdma2000. Major capacity enhancing features include; 1) turbo coding for data transmission: 2)fast forward link power control :3) forward link transmit diversity; 4) support of directive antenna transmission techniques; 5) coherent reverse link structure; and 6) enhanced access channel operation. As users increasingly rely on their cell phone at work and at home for voice and data exchange, the stand-by time and operation-time are essential parameters that can influence customer's satisfaction and service utilization. Another major goal of cdma2000 was therefore to enable manufacturers to further optimize power utilization in the terminal. Major battery life enhancing features include; 1) improved reverse link performance (i.e., reduced transmit power per information bit; 2) new common channel structure and operation ;3) quick paging channel operation; 4) reverse link gated transmission ; and 5) new MAC stated for efficient and ubiquitous idle time idle time operation. this article provides additional details on those enhancements. The intent is not to duplicate the detailed cdma2000 radio access network specification, but rather to provide some background on the new features of cdma2000 and on the qualitative improvements as compared to the TIA/EIA-95 based systems. The article is focused on the physical layer structure and associated procedures. It therefore does not cover the MAC, LAC, radio resource management [1], or any other signaling protocols in any detail. We assume some familiarity with the basic CDMA concepts used in TIA/EIA-95.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.11C
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2002

In this paper, a detailed procedure of development for an AAL2 processor widely used in voice gateway application is introduced. The processor supports CPS and SSCS with voice service and framed mode data service. It provides 4 ATM virtual connections, which include 1020 AAL2 channels. The processor has one UTOPIA Level 1 interface for an ATM cell interface and 4 TDM ports for a voice channel interface. The TDM ports carry PCM/ADPCM voice streams. Most AAL2 processors are implemented as software, or hardware and software, so its latency is large. But this processor has very low latency as to CPS and SSCS because all of them are implemented in hardware. Also, it allows not only loopback and switching of CPS packets, but loopback and switching of TDM channels. The key feature is that the internal structure of the CPS and SSCS in this processor seems like as each software function, so they are called whenever they are required. In addition, they are reusable for another design and are scalable for more channels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.849-852
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• 2007

In this paper, the high gain and the broadband microstrip patch antenna, which is applicable to 5 GHz band wireless LAN, is designed in order to integrate IEEE 802.11a's detailed standards($a:5.15{\sim}5.25$, $b:5.25{\sim}5.35$, $c:5.725{\sim}5.875$ [GHz]). Designed patch antenna has settled resonance frequency by insert substance(polyurethane: ${\varepsilon}_r=6.5$) between the separated parasitic patch and radiation patch for the purpose of miniaturize. And the form (${\varepsilon}_r=1.03$) were to fix the separated radiation patch and ground plans by air. Designed frequency bandwidth(VSWR 2:1) of the antenna showed broadband characteristic of $4.9[GHz]{\sim}6.1[GHz]$ to about 1.2[GHz]. Also the E-plan and H-plan profit 12[dBi] above, the 3[dB] beamwidth showed the characteristic over the E-plan $30^{\circ}$ and H-plan $60^{\circ}$ to be improved.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 2014

The development of science and technology to accompany the convenience of civilization but in addition to nuclear, gas, explosion, accident and spill all over the world with the possibility of a chemical or biological terrorism response efforts collectively as a response to the urgent task of a nation. In this study major economies such as the U.S. and Canada analyzed to investigate the CBRN training programs to fit the reality in Korea CBRN training programs were developed. also the development of training programs to CBRN Korean Activity-Action Diagram technique utilized by CBRN scenarios corresponding to each event needs to be taken when the Activity is defined by its detailed definition of corrective actions for the CBRN Activity to define context-sensitive actions in particular to enable the functionality of the structure in case of CBRN emergency initial response was to establish education and training programs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.620-622
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• 2018

The need for particulate matter prediction algorithms has increased as social interest in the effects of human on particulate matter increased. Many studies have proposed statistical modelling and machine learning techniques based prediction models using weather data, but it is difficult to accurately set the environment and detailed conditions of the models. In addition, there is a need to design a new prediction model for missing data in domestic weather monitoring station. In this paper, fine dust prediction is performed using multi-layer perceptron network as a previous study for particulate matter prediction. For this purpose, a prediction model is designed based on weather data of three monitoring station and the suitability of the algorithm for particulate matter prediction is evaluated through comparison with actual data.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) is technology that identify products using radio frequency transmission. We read EPC from Tag in RFID environment, but we can see only what the identify objects are and it is too limited to get the additional detailed information by the EPC. Therefore many companies and organizations have studied RFID system in order to effectively use it. But the existing RFID system still has the complication that we should fully understand various knowledges, communicating ways, etc, and the insufficiency to support the application development in order to treat the business event of the related application. In this paper, I propose business event that we can conveniently use in FRID application and shows Business Event Framework. BEF which is able to deliver the business event produced to the application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

It is well known that Kalman filtering is an optimal real-time data fusion method for GPS/INS integration. However, it has some limitations in terms of stability, adaptability and observability. A Kalman filter can perform optimally only when its dynamic model is correctly defined and the noise statistics for the measurement and process are completely known. It is found that estimated Kalman filter states could be influenced by several factors, including vehicle dynamic variations, filter tuning results, and environment changes, etc., which are difficult to model. Neural networks can map input-output relationships without apriori knowledge about them; hence a proper designed neural network is capable of learning and extracting these complex relationships with enough training. This paper presents a GPS/INS integrated system that combines Kalman filtering and neural network algorithms to improve navigation solutions during GPS outages. An Extended Kalman filter estimates INS measurement errors, plus position, velocity and attitude errors etc. Kalman filter states, and gives precise navigation solutions while GPS signals are available. At the same time, a multi-layer neural network is trained to map the vehicle dynamics with corresponding Kalman filter states, at the same rate of measurement update. After the output of the neural network meets a similarity threshold, it can be used to correct INS measurements when no GPS measurements are available. Selecting suitable inputs and outputs of the neural network is critical for this hybrid method. Detailed analysis unveils that some Kalman filter states are highly correlated with vehicle dynamic variations. The filter states that heavily impact system navigation solutions are selected as the neural network outputs. The principle of this hybrid method and the neural network design are presented. Field test data are processed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Recently, in distribution market, demand for electronic shelf label system is increasing gradually to provide the accurate price immediately and detailed product information to consumers and reduce operation costs. Most of electronic shelf label system companies develop the full-graphic display device to display a wide variety of product information as well as the exact price. Our system had introduced Go-Back-N retransmission method in the early. However, we encountered performance problems that it delayed updating of the electronic shelf label system and exhausted the battery life time. Proposed adaptive image retransmission technique based on the selective scheme is that tags of electronic shelf label system recognize idle time of transmission cycle and require partial image retransmission to sever by itself. As a result, it can acquire much more opportunities of partial image retransmission within the same period and increase reception rate of full image for each tags. The experimental result shows that adaptive image retransmission technique's reception rate of full image for each tags is approximately 4% higher than existing previous works. And total battery life time increases 30 hours because tag reduce wake-up time as it receive only lost data instead of whole data.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2019

Purpose: As health care needs for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) are becoming increasingly important, it has become imperative for the nurses to be attentive towards their health problems and provide nursing care with an open-minded attitude. Due to limited opportunity to provide direct nursing care to LGBT patients, it is hypothesized that simulation would provide good opportunity for students to experience LGBT nursing care in a safe environment. This study was conducted to develop and apply simulation of LGBT nursing care to ultimately provide unbiased nursing care for LGBT population and prepare basic data for LGBT nursing education. Methods: This study was a single-group pre-post experimental design study for 57 senior nursing students based on the comparison of existing LGBT knowledge, general attitude towards LGBT, and nursing attitude towards LGBT before and after simulation. The scenario content included discussion of coming out issue, providing sexual health information, and supportive nursing care for LGBT population. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank. Results: Simulation education-led to a significant increase in LGBT knowledge and nursing attitude. However, there was no change in the general attitude towards LGBT. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that LGBT education using simulation may be effective for nursing students and nurses from the point of concern for LGBT population. It is hypothesized that future LGBT educational programs might need more detailed information from both care recipients and nurses. Finally, LGBT education needs to be included in the nursing education curriculum.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1214-1219
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• 2021

Virtual augmented reality technology is rapidly growing due to the development of hardware and software technology. The perspective on the application of industrial technology using this virtual augmented reality is at an early stage. Beginning with entertainment elements in Korea, there are many demands and demands in education, culture, tourism, sports, arts, medicine, disasters, and defense. In this paper, the study of the process of applying the process for the application of industrial virtual reality technology and augmented reality technology and the design of the technology according to the various operations necessary for the specific process are conducted. The study contains research results to provide services for training and actual process through virtual reality and augmented reality technology. This suggests that many industrial applications will be possible in the future.