• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

In this study, a seismic performance evaluation of unreinforced masonry buildings was conducted based on a revised draft of the outline of the seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings. The procedure of the performance evaluation is composed of three-steps, which are a preliminary evaluation, a first-level detailed evaluation, and a second-level detailed evaluation, where evaluation is conservatively conducted in the beginning and then more detailed evaluations are gradually conducted. For the study, ten two-story unreinforced masonry buildings were selected and evaluated using the three-step evaluation. The result showed that the performance levels between the preliminary and the first-level detailed evaluations were reversed, which is different from the intent of the procedure. Therefore, in the near future, the problems in each evaluation step that are presented in the results of this study need to be refined.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.429-440
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• 2021

Objectives: Standardized guidelines and reference points for a food security policy are necessary to guarantee that basic social safety nets work properly. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the basic concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, including the potential relevant indicators, and sought to establish standardized well-being baselines. Methods: A literature review and 14 expert roundtable discussions were carried out to analyze and extract the key concepts of food security. After determining these concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, a conceptual framework was modeled. Then, indicators for each local government that could be monitored and evaluated for each sub-area were suggested. Results: The concept of food security was defined as follows: Individuals should be provided with sufficient, safe, and quality food, which should be accessible to the community and available for use to achieve health and well-being. In addition, food security should be ensured sustainably in a changing environment. Four dimensions were suggested while conceptualizing food security. First, sufficient food, which means sufficient food supply in quantity, quality, and safety. Second, equitable food which includes creating environments in which high-quality and safe food can be purchased at an appropriate price and can be provided regardless of the socioeconomic gap. Third, healthy food which should be provided to promote people's health and happiness through the eco-friendly consumption of food. Fourth, sustainable food, which can be supplied in a sustainable manner and as part of an eco-friendly food system that considers the conservation of natural environments. Conclusions: The basic concepts and detailed areas of food security including the potential indicators proposed in this study, may be useful for developing and implementing various policies and programs to support food and nutrition security in the future.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.116-127
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• 2022

Building Information Modeling, which was applied mainly in the construction sector, is expanding to the road sector, and the government recently recommends preparing individual application guidelines considering the characteristics of detailed fields such as railways, ports, and complexes through BIM implementation guidelines. Compared to general construction projects, a lot of the works such as signals, electricity, and power, and the railway BIM 2030 roadmap has been presented to apply BIM to railway construction projects that require business consultation and work environment review with various local governments, and pilot projects are in operation. Unlike a general building, in which the construction begins after the detailed design is completed, in the railway project, the detailed design of other works proceeds along with the roadbed construction. Because construction and design work together, railways need to coordinate detailed engineering interfaces such as trajectories, signals, and power, and the application of BIM in design interface coordination has the advantage of maximizing the effectiveness of pre-review. Overseas railway construction projects actively used BIM to adjust design interfaces and had a collaboration process to modify BIM models and create construction details from the revised models through regular meetings with suppliers. Therefore, this study aims to derive the factors necessary for establishing a BIM collaboration environment based on a survey of practitioners as a preliminary step for establishing the BIM collaboration process of the railway construction project.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

In recent years, various educational institutions have used online certificate services to verify academic achievement related to graduation and grades. However, the certificate of the existing system has limitations in verifying and tracking whether it is true or not and detailed academic background. In this regard, cases of forgery/falsification of online/offline certificates continue to occur. This study proposes a blockchain-based verification method that is safe from forgery and alteration, focusing on university institutions. Necessary information such as detailed class categories for each department, attendance, and detailed grades was collected/analyzed to create a linkage relationship through blockchain. In addition, the system/network environment required for blockchain sharing was considered, and it was implemented as an extension module in the form of an independent web application. As a result of the block chain verification, it was proved that the safe trust verification of educational information and the relationship between detailed information can be traced. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of academic credential verification services and information security for Korean educational institutions in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

Carbon neutrality in agriculture can be derived from systematic GHG reduction policies based on quantitative environmental impact analysis of GHG-emitting activities. This study is to explore how to advance the calculation of carbon emissions from agricultural activities to the detailed spatial level to a spatial Tier 3 level (Tier 2.5 level), methodologically beyond the Tier 2 approach. To estimate the GHG emissions beyond the Tier 2.5 level by region for detailed spatial units, we constructed available activity data on carbon emission impact factors such as rice cultivation, agricultural land use, and livestock. We also built and verified detailed data on emission activities at the field level through field surveys. The GHG emissions were estimated by applying the latest national emission factors and regional emission factors according to the IPCC 2019 GL based on the field-level activity data. This study has significance that it explored ways to build activity data and calculate GHG emissions through statistical data and field surveys based on parcels, one of the smallest spatial units for regional carbon reduction strategies. It is expected that by utilizing the activity data surveyed for each field and the emission factor considering the activity characteristics, it will be possible to improve the accuracy of GHG emission calculation and quantitatively evaluate the effect of applying reduction policies.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.126-154
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• 1997

This paper addresses a methodology for monitoring the first phase('92-94') progress and its implication fo Highly Advanced National R&D Projects (HAN or G7 project) in Korea. The authors suggest a three-stage life cycle model for the management of national R&D program; planning stage, implementing & monitoring stage, and evaluating & harvesting stage. The interim evaluation, the main focuses of this paper, is one of the key issues for the effective management of national R&D program at the implementing & monitoring stage. The conceptual framework of the interim evaluation was developed both through reviewing related literature and considering the characteristics of the HAN program. A stepwise procedure of interim evaluation was introduced: 'initial screen' and 'detailed examination'. At initial screen all 11 projects were reviewed in terms of both their relevance and performance in order to decide whether further detailed scrutiny is needed or not. If there exist critical problems on the relevance or on the intermediate progress of each project, it is to be under further detailed examination. Evaluation was initiated by the G7 Planning and Evaluation Committee, which was established for advising, directing, and monitoring the HAN Projects, with the help of large number of experts from industries, universities, and research institutes. The monitoring results were reported to the related ministries and project coordinating agencies, and reflected in the second phase.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

In spite of the rapid increase of computer use in our everyday life, not much effort is undertaken to take measures to prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs). In this paper, we suggest a movable armrest which would lower the exposure to the MSDs, especially on the vicinity of arm. The aim of this study is to determine whether there are differences in wrist angle variations, forearm muscular loads, comfort and normal performance between the invented movable armrest and a conventional armrest when using a computer mouse. Eight experienced VDU workers performed a standardized simple task set which consists of 15 detailed tasks with each armrest. The wrist angle variations in the right arm were registered by electrogoniometer and the muscle activities in the shoulder, deltoid and two extensors in the forearm were also registered by electromyograph. The subjects rated perceived comfort while performing the tasks with each armrest. Working with the invented armrest, compared to general, gave significantly decreased wrist angle variations at most of the detailed tasks of both biaxial movements. Moreover, as the distance of targets increased, the difference of muscle activities in two different situations trend to be increasing. At the same time, in work with invented armrest, the subjects rated more comfort and they showed decreased normal performances in 8 detailed tasks which were mainly caused by macro moving time.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2014

To date, no study has reported detailed morphological characteristics of Korean sea turtles. Due to the lack of such basic information on Korean sea turtles, further related studies have been difficult in South Korea. In this report, we determined the species and the sex of the one sea turtle caught from the Yellow Sea of Korea (Taean-gun, Chungcheongnamdo) on July 17, 2013, and described its detailed morphological characteristics. The sea turtle was identified as a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) by the presence of an interprefrontal scale on the head. The turtle had three times longer length between the edge of anal scute to the anus than that between the anus to tip of the tail, and the size of a pair of claws on the flippers were distinctively different, suggesting that the turtle was a male. Finally, the assumption that the sea turtle might be sexually mature is based on its body weight (59.95 kg), the maximum straight length of the carapace (72.5 cm), and the worn serrated parts at the edge of supracaudal scutes. The loggerhead sea turtle described in this study is the first record from the Yellow Sea of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.2381-2390
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• 2011

This paper presents the effective and detailed secure monitoring method being used based on Secure OS. For this, the detailed secure log of process, object, user's command and database query in task server are collected by 3 kinds of log collecting module. The log collecting modules are developed by ourselves and contained as constituents of security system. Secure OS module collects process and system secure log of objective unit, Backtracker module collects user's command session log, SQLtracker module collects database query in details. When a system auditor monitors and traces the behaviour of specified user or individual user, the mutual connection method between the secure logs can support detailed auditing and monitering effectively.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 2010

This study presents the alternative evaluation technique for the high-rise building structural system. The alternative evaluation of the structural system is performed in three steps, that is, preliminary evaluation, main evaluation and detailed evaluation. The evaluation categories are composed of structural performance, economic feasibility and term of work. Each categories are composed of detailed items to evaluate of its own. In preliminary evaluation, qualitative evaluation based on experimental knowledge is performed. In main and detailed evaluations, quantitative evaluations based on numeric data are performed. The weighted-sum method is applied to integrate the evaluated results of each items and its importance. The applicability of the proposed method was verified by applying it to the practical buildings and simulate the procedures.