• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the destruction efficiency and to determine the fundamental parameters of oxidation kinetics under the supercritical water(SCW) condition. Target material was cephradine, toxic and antibiotic material, in the pharmaceutical wastewater. For this purpose, the effect of reaction temperature and oxidant were investigated on the destruction efficiency of cephradine. And the oxidation kinetics of cephradine was derived by using a empirical power-law model. The experiment was carried out in a cylindrical batch reactor made of Hastelloy C-276 which was endurable high temperature and pressure. The destruction efficiency of cephradine increased with increment of the temperature and reaction time. Also the type of oxidants was effected and oxidants(Air and $H_2O$$_2$) were enhanced the destruction efficiency. The global oxidation kinetics for cephradine has led to two rate expressions according to type of oxidant. - In the presence of air oxidant: Rate=k. $e^{-Ea}$RT/(Ceph.)$^{1.0}$ ( $O_2$)$^{0.51}$$\pm$0.05(k=3.27${\times}$$10^{5}$ sec. Ea=63.25 kJ/mole) - In the presence of $H_2O$$_2$ oxidant : Rate=kㆍ $e^{-Ea}$RT/(Ceph.)$^{1.0}$ ($H_2O$$_2$)$^{0.62}$$\pm$0.02(k=2.76${\times}$$10^4$/sec. Ea=47.65 kJ/mole)ole))

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.635-642
• /
• 2006

Present study evaluated the low-temperature destruction of n-hexane and benzene using mesh-type transition-metal platinum(Pt)/stainless steel(SS) catalyst. The parameters tested for the evaluation of catalytic destruction efficiencies of the two volatile organic compounds(VOC) included input concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, and surface area of catalyst. It was found that the input concentration affected the destruction efficiencies of n-hexane and benzene, but that this input-concentration effect depended upon VOC type. The destruction efficiencies increased as the reaction time increased, but they were similar between two reaction times for benzene(50 and 60 sec), thereby suggesting that high temperatures are not always proper for thermal destruction of VOCs, when considering the destruction efficiency and operation costs of thermal catalytic system together. Similar to the effects of the input concentration on destruction efficiency of VOCs, the reaction temperature influenced the destruction efficiencies of n-hexane and benzene, but this temperature effect depended upon VOC type. As expected, the destruction efficiencies of n-hexane increased as the surface area of catalyst, but for benzene, the increase rate was not significant, thereby suggesting that similar to the effects of the re- action temperature on destruction efficiency of VOCs, high catalyst surface areas are not always proper for economical thermal destruction of VOCs. Depending upon the inlet concentrations and reaction temperatures, almost 100% of both n-hexane and benzene could be destructed, The current results also suggested that when applying the mesh type transition Metal Pt/SS catalyst for the better catalytic pyrolysis of VOC, VOC type should be considered, along with reaction temperature, surface area of catalyst, reaction time and input concentration.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.433-438
• /
• 2005

Seven commercial lining fabrics normally used in a market were selected: plain-weave fabrics with polyester, nylon, rayon and acetate fiber, and polyester textured yarn, in addition, polyester fabrics with plain, twill and satin weave. Then seam strength, seam efficiency, resistance to slippage of yarns and type of seam destruction were examined related to endurance by textiles in sewing capability of the lining fabrics. In results, as tensile strength was greater, seam strength got greater, which shows tensile strength and seam strength have close relationship. Tensile and seam strength of acetate fabric were the least, but seam efficiency was the greatest. It presents that strong tensile and seam strengths do not show high seam efficiency at the same time. Various types of seam destruction have been shown. When tensile strength of the sewing thread was greater than tensile strength of fabric, fabric destruction was occurred before the sewing thread destruction. When tensile strength of the fabric was greater than seam strength, the sewing thread destruction was occurred. Resistance to slippage of yarns got greater as tensile strength of the fabric got greater. The plain-weave fabric, which tensile strength of fabric was smaller, showed the greater resistance to slippage of yarns than twill and satin weave fabrics. The stretch fabric revealed the optimal lining fabric with the greatest resistance to slippage of yarns.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.1383-1388
• /
• 2007

Recently, the semiconductor and display industries have tried to reduce the emissions of perfluorocompounds (PFCs) from the globally environmental regulation. Total amount of PFC emission can be calculated from the flow rate and the partial pressures of PFCs. For the precise measurement of PFC emission amount, the mass flow controlled helium gas was continuously injected into the equipment of which scrubber efficiency is being measured. The partial pressures of PFCs and helium were accurately measured using a mass spectrometer in each sample extracted from inlet and outlet of the scrubber system. The flow rates are calculated from the partial pressures of helium and also, PFC destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of the scrubber is calculated from the partial pressure of PFC and the flow rate. Under this method, the relative expanded uncertainties of the flow rate and the partial pressures of PFCs are ± 2% (k = 2) in case the concentrations of NF3 and SF6 are as low as 100 μmol/mol.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제26권11호
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 2014

The performances of refrigeration truck systems using R404A and R134a were investigated by experimental testing, and compared. The optimal COPs of the R404A and R134a systems were 2.96 and 3.42, when the refrigerant charge amount was 1.3 kg and 1.4 kg, respectively. When the indoor side air temperature increased from $5^{\circ}C$ to $9^{\circ}C$, the total exergy destruction rate of the R404A system was on average 39.1% higher than that of the R134a system. In addition, the exergy efficiency of the R404A system was 12.9% higher than that of R134a system, for various indoor air temperatures. When the outdoor side air temperature increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$, the total exergy destruction rate of the R404A and R134a systems decreased by 18.9% and 19.5%, respectively. In addition, the exergy efficiency of the R404A and R134a systems increased by 25.2% and 30.7%, respectively. As the compressor rotating speed increased, the COP of the R404A and R134a systems decreased by 23.6% and 18.4%. The total exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency of the R404A system were 27.2% and 15.7% higher than those of R134a system, respectively. Compared to the R404A system, the R134a system showed a higher COP and a lower exergy destruction rate; thus it can be concluded that the R134a system has the better performance.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.665-674
• /
• 2000

A major source of the hazardous waste generated is from chemical industries producing plastics, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated solvents. All of these processes produce a class if hazardous waste termed the chlorinated hydrocarbons(CHCs), either directly or from undesirable side reactions. In this study, we investigated the destruction characteristics of hazardous waste through incineration. A nonequilibrium combustion model was used to describe the effect of the chemical kinetics due to the flame inhibition characteristics of $CCl_4$ which was used as the surrogate of hazardous waste. A parametric screening studies was made in a dump incinerator proposed in this study. The dump incinerator showed high $CCl_4$ DRE(Destruction and Removal Efficiency) as 5 nines. $CCl_4$/CH$_4$ ratio appeared to be most important in the destruction of $CCl_4$ through incineration.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 가스화용융 시스템을 활용한 폐차 냉매의 친환경 파괴 기술개발을 목표로 하였다. 실증규모(생활폐기물 100톤/일) 가스화용융 시스템내 냉매를 주입할 수 있는 주입장치를 개발 및 제작하였으며, HFC-134a 주입량에 따른 냉매 분해효율 및 유해가스 특성을 고찰하였다. 분해효율은 3 kg/hr 냉매 주입시 99.995%이었고, 18시간 동안 유해가스 연속 측정 및 샘플링 측정결과, CO, SOx, NOx, HCl, HF 등의 유해가스는 환경법규를 만족하였고, 특히 냉매파괴 발생 HF는 0.1 ppm으로 법적 기준치 2ppm에 비해 미량으로 검출되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.446-453
• /
• 2012

Destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of $SF_6$ was tested with varying degrees of ionization and initial concentrations of $SF_6$. The applied dose of ionization energy varied from 0 to 400 kGy. The initial concentration of $SF_6$ gas also varied from 1,000 ppm to 2,500 ppm. In order to assess the effect of a residence time on DRE (Destruction and Removal Efficiency, %), experiments were also conducted at different irradiation times of 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 sec, respectively. The DRE of $SF_6$ increased with an increasing amount of dose and current. Regardless of initial concentration of $SF_6$, 90% level of DRE was achieved by applying over 10 mA of electrical current.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.767-777
• /
• 2004

This study evaluated the technical feasibility of the application of $TiO_2$ photocatalysis for the removal of volatile hydrocarbons(VHC) at low ppb concentrations commonly associated with non-occupational indoor air quality issues. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate five parameters (relative humidity (RH), hydraulic diameter (HD), feeding type (FT) of VHC, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor material (RM), and inlet port size (IPS) of PCO reactor) for the PCO destruction efficiencies of the selected target VHC. None of the target VHC presented significant dependence on the RH, which are inconsistent with a certain previous study that reported that under conditions of low humidity and a ppm toluene inlet level, there was a drop in the PCO efficiency with decreasing humidity. However, it is noted that the four parameters (HD, RM, FT and IPS) should be considered for better VHC removal efficiencies for the application of $TiO_2$ photocatalytic technology for cleansing non-occupational indoor air. The PCO destruction of VHC at concentrations associated with non-occupational indoor air quality issues can be up to nearly 100%. The amount of CO generated during PCO were a negligible addition to the indoor CO levels. These abilities can make the PCO reactor an important tool in the effort to improve non-occupational indoor air quality.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2007

다양한 산업체에서 배출되는 독성오염물질들을 제어하는 기존의 기술이 안고 있는 일부 단점을 보완하기 위하여 전이금속 지지체로 구성된 스테인레스스틸-백금 촉매를 이용하는 열촉매 시스템을 구축하고 다섯 가지의 염소계 탄화수소[chlorobenzene(CHB), chloroform(CHF), perchloroethylene(PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCEthane), trichloroethylene(TCE)]의 열촉매 분해효율을 평가하기 위해서 본 연구가 수행되었다. 또한, 본 연구는 촉매독이 열촉매 분해 효율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 열촉매 시스템의 주요 세 가지 운전인자인 유입농도, 소각 온도 및 촉매시스템내 체류시간이 본 연구에서 고려되었다. 유입농도가 증가함에 따라 염소계탄화수소의 분해효율이 최대 100%에서 오염물질의 종류에 따라 최저 0%(CHB) 가까이로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. TCEthane을 제외한 네 가지 염소계탄화수소의 분해효율은 온도 증가에 따라 100% 가까게 나타났으나, TCEthane의 분해효율은 온도가 증가해도 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. TCEthane을 제외한 조사대상물질에 대하여 촉매시스템내의 체류시간이 10초에서 60초로 증가시 오염물질에 따라 30%에서 97%까지 점진적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었지만, TCEthane은 체류시간 30초에서 분해효율이 더 이상 증가하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 체류시간 길이가 항상 분해효율과 비례하는 것이 아님을 제안한다. 결론적으로, 본 연구 결과는 염소계 탄화수소를 보다 고효율로 제어하기 위해서 전이금속 촉매시스템을 적용할 경우에 유입농도, 반응온도, 그리고 촉매시스템내 체류시간과 더불어 제어하고자하는 오염물질의 종류도 함께 고려되어야 할 것을 제안한다. 한편으로, 황화메틸 1.0 ppm을 첨가함으로서 조사대상오염물질의 분해효율이 $0\sim50%$로 감소하는 결과가 나타났지만, 일반적으로 산업 배기가스에서 측정되는 황화합물의 오염도 수준보다 다소 낮은 농도에 해당하는 황화메틸 0.1 ppm을 오염물질에 첨가하였을 때는 오염물질의 분해효율에 영향이 나타나지 않았다.