• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.112-132
• /
• 1975

When Korean family planning services began as a part of the National Policy in 1962, the annual population growth was 3.0%. This growth rate has been decreased to 2.0% during last ten year period. And it seems imperative that all hospitals, as well as related organizations, should participate in family planning in order to contribute to achieving the National goal of 1.5% population growth by 1976, the end of the Third Five Year Economic Development Plan. Nurses should be considered the most important human resources in charge of the core of family planning services in any setting. For the family planning services in the general hospital setting, nurses as a core members contribute much as change agent, motivators, counsellors, educators etc. A nurse can work with patients and their relatives when she is equipped with relevant knowledge and skills. Fur the more family planning cannot be ignored even in hospital setting where more comprehensive nursing care is needed Thus, the general objective of this study is to provide baseline data for better programming of In-service education in family planning so that effective hospital family planning nursing services can be made a part of comprehensive nursing care contributing to the national population program and human welfare. In order to meet the general objective, this study has the following specific objectives : 1. To find out the general characteristics of the clinical nurses working in Y Hospital 2. To evaluate their attitudes and practices of family planning 3. To assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices of population and family planning as professional nurses. 4. To examine and compare data collecting methods for the planning of an In-service Educational Program 5. To explore the contents to be included in this In-service Education Program. The study population randomly selected one hundred nurses working in Y Hospital A cross-sectional survey with questionnaires developed for this study was chosen for the study method. To collect reliable data, the questionnaires were distributed to and answered by the study population in a controlled situation. X²test and t-test was employed in analyzing the data. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Y Hospital nurses had a lower ideal number of children (X=2.02) and showed no strong preference for male children, and 74% of them expressed the desire to use permanent methods of birth control 2. of this thirty Y Hospital nurses who were married 66.7% stated they were already practicing contraceptive methods. Most of them preferred male methods of contraception. 3. According to objective evaluation about knowledge of various aspects of population and family planning, respondents from collegiate programs significantly knew better the subjects on the average than did respondents from diploma programs of nursing. 4. There was a marked difference in the results of self-evaluation and objective evaluation in their family planning knowledge. It was found that the self-evaluation family planning knowledge seemed to be unreliable. Accordingly, the objective test methods appeared to be more reliable in the evaluation of knowledge levels. 5. The subject areas needed to be included in In-service education for the Hospital family planning services in Y Hospital are 1) rhythm methods, 2) tubal-legation, 3) family planning effects of contraceptives, 4) population growth, 5) demographic traction, 6) population structure and 7) infant mortality facts. In addition, 1) various oral contraceptives, 2) basal temperature method, 3) laparoscopic female sterilization, 4) interfering factors of family planning, 5) anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive organs were additional areas to be taught to respondents from 3-year diploma schools of nursing. Demographic transition was one subject area in which the four-year graduates need further study. 6. Population problems guidance and counselling in family planning instruction in the theory and practice of contraceptives should be included in future In-service Education Programs in order to provide more effective hospital Family Planning Services, stated 77.0% of the respondents.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.49-65
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 여성창업활성화를 여성창업가의 특성과 역량을 파악하기 위해 심층 인터뷰를 토대로 탐색연구를 실시하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 8명의 여성창업가를 대상으로 한 심층 인터뷰를 통해서 창업태도(독립욕구, 개발욕구, 호의적여건), 창업진입률, 창업동기, 창업활동과 제약조건 등에 관한 주요 내용을 분석해 보았다. 그 결과, 첫째, 여성창업가들의 창업태도는 자기만족을 느끼는 데서 성공의 경영을 하고자 하는 동기가 강하며, 독립과 자아실현이 우선시하는 특성이 있으며, 창업에 대한 주변의 호의적 여건이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여성의 창업진입률에서 남성과의 개인적 차이, 사회적 구조요인은 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 여성들의 가장 중요한 창업동기는 도전정신과 자기만족감, 일과 가족의 균형을 맞추려는 욕구가 여전히 강한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 여성창업가들은 자원접근 측면에서는 남성창업가와 여성창업가 간에 인식 차이가 거의 없으나 네트워크에서 차별이 어느 정도 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 여성창업가의 주요 업종은 소규모 기업이고 이익률이 낮은 업종, 성장과 매출액이 낮은 업종에 집중되는 경향이 나타나고 있다. 마지막으로 여성창업활동의 장애요인은 여전히 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 주로 여성들이 창업을 하고 기업을 경영하면서 겪는 경험이나 사회적 환경의 특성을 파악하였다는 점에서 차별화된다. 둘째 본 연구에서 여성창업가의 경우 여성만의 창업 장애요인은 높지 않으며, 충분히 극복할 수 있다고 주장하여 여성창업에 대한 긍정적 인식을 확산할 필요성이 제기된다. 마지막으로 여성기업의 창업은 남성기업의 창업보다 기업규모에서 상대적으로 영세한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 향후에 여성창업이 여성의 사회적 경험이나 직장생활에서의 관리능력에 의한 기회적 창업도 중요하지만 전문적인 기술창업도 활성화하도록 정부의 지원정책이 필요하다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권35호
• /
• pp.107-128
• /
• 2014

상상력과 창의력을 기반으로 한 문화콘텐츠 산업이 창조경제의 핵심으로 주목받고 있으며, 특히 애니메이션은 고부가가치를 창출해 내는 산업으로 변함없이 각광을 받고 있다. 그중 디즈니 스튜디오는 오랜 시간동안 쌓아온 전문 기술과 작품 노하우를 통해 수익을 창출해 나가고 있는데, 여기에는 시대적 상황을 넘어서거나 혹은 변화에 맞춰진 그들만의 전략이 존재한다. 본 연구는 다시금 디즈니 애니메이션을 선두 자리에 올린 <겨울왕국>의 전달 메시지와 변형 요소를 환상성 중심으로 분석해보고 디즈니가 가족타깃의 애니메이션으로 성장하기 위해 이용했던 요소들은 무엇인지 찾아보고자 한다. 디지털 기술의 발달은 다양한 매체를 통해 환상성 재현을 가능하게 만들고 있다. 하지만 현대 매체가 재현해 내는 환상표현은 실제와 다른 혹은 상상의 세계를 이미지로 보여주는 데 치중하고 있는데, 여기에는 환상성이 근본적으로 가지고 있는 특징과 역할이 숨겨져 있다. 이런 환상성의 가치는 다양한 이론가들에 의해 연구되어 왔는데, 츠베탕 토도로프는 실제와 실제가 아닌 것 사이의 망설임을 시작으로 환상성을 문학에서 정의 내렸다. 문학 장르에서 그 존재를 인정받은 환상성은 잭슨에 의해 시대적 상황마다 다르게 나타나는 어떤 의도를 가진 형태로 범위를 넓히며 그 사회적 역할과 의미가 강조되었다. 흄은 잭슨의 전복을 넘어서는 또 다른 목적으로서 환상의 영역을 확장시켰고 톨킨, 조아르스키, 보이어는 이것을 상위환상과 하위환상으로 나누어 묘사 대상과 방법에 따라 구분될 수 있는 환상의 종류를 이야기했다. 이를 정리하면 환상의 공간은 비현실, 탈현실, 초현실, 반현실로 나뉠 수 있고 인물은 주인공과 사회의 관계를 다루는 '나' 의 주제와 욕망의 상징인 타자의 이야기로 나누어 살펴 볼 수 있다. 이렇게 목적에 따라 다르게 제공되는 환상은 애니메이션을 통해 다양한 이미지와 요소들로 전달되는데 디즈니 애니메이션 <겨울왕국>을 통해 분석된 요소들을 정리하면 다음과 같이 분류할 수 있다. 디즈니는 주인공의 성장여정에 따라 환상 공간을 세 종류로 나누어 제공한다. 그 첫 번째 공간은 주인공의 성장이 이루어지는 현실 도피와 욕망 충족의 탈현실이고 두 번째 공간은 타자의 지배로 이루어진 반이데올로기적 성향의 반현실 공간이며 마지막 공간은 반현실의 전복 후 주인공이 제공하는 유토피아인 초현실 공간이다. 또한 디즈니는 인물 역시 '나'의 주제인 변신과 분신을 통해 주체의 성장을 강화시키고 다중화된 인격의 캐릭터 화를 통해 재미를 선사하며 '너'의 주제인 타자성의 적대자 배열로 전복의 탄력적 요소를 가미해 메시지를 전달한다. 이렇게 디즈니가 제공하는 환상성들은 희생을 통해 가족의 완성이라는 메시지를 전달하는데 이렇게 디즈니는 자신들의 타깃 관객층의 지지를 받을 수 있는 이데올로기를 꾸준히 전달하면서도 시대적 변화에 적응할 수 있는 탄력적 환상성을 애니메이션을 통해 전달하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to identify the components of kindergartener horticultural education by deriving objective components of horticultural education using the Delphi survey method, and then to provide basic data that can be used when creating horticultural programs in the regular curriculum. Methods: A total of 32 experts including professors of early childhood education, kindergarten directors, horticultural therapy professors, and horticultural therapists were selected as the Delphi panel. Of the 32 selected, only 29 answered all three rounds of the surveys. For the first round of the survey, an open-ended questionnaire, was used, and in the second and third rounds closed-ended questionnaires were used. Results: Results indicated that under the category of the goals of horticultural education, there were 7 items related to the current problems of horticultural education, 16 items related to the need for horticultural education in the smart age, 18 items related to the direction of horticultural education, and 5 items related to the areas most suitable for horticulture education for young children in the Nuri Curriculum. Results in the category of the implementation of horticultural education indicated that 2 items related to horticultural education hours, 3 items related to the venue for horticultural education, 2 items related to the activity types applicable to the Nuri Curriculum, and 4 items related to the objects of horticultural activities were derived. As the current problems of horticultural education, the following items were identified: event-oriented activity (M = 4.24) and lack of kindergarten teachers' opportunities for systematic gardening education (M = 4.21). The results related to the necessity of horticultural education indicated the following items: education on respect for life through caring (M = 4.59), emotional intelligence and stability (M = 4.55), directly experience of the growth process of plants (M = 4.55), and development of the five senses (M = 4.55). Finally, within the direction of horticultural education: nurturing the desire to live with nature (M = 4.50), and learning about life (M = 4.44) was identified, which had higher averages. Within the areas of the Nuri Curriculum, which is most consistent with horticultural education, nature exploration (M = 4.69) and the integration of all areas (M = 4.59) were derived as priorities. Also, regarding the implementation of horticultural education, the following items were derived as the priority from the expert group: 30-40 minutes (M = 4.14) and 40-50 minutes (M = 4.14) for class periods, outdoor garden in a kindergarten(M = 4.66) for the venue of gardening education, outside play (M = 4.59) for the activity type, and vegetable crops (M = 4.55) for the objects of gardening activities. Conclusion: It is significant that the goal and implementation of kindergartner horticultural education were objectively derived through collecting opinions of expert panels. Based on the results of this study, a horticultural education program for kindergarten teachers should be implemented.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2010

The retail business of drugstore was introduced to Korea for the first time 10 years ago. Since Olive Young introduced a retail store in the name of drugstore in 1999 for the first time in Korea, new distribution channel combining drugstore, cosmetic products and dairy products, etc has been made. At initial stage, the new distribution channel grew up slowly because of low specialty and economic stagnation. However, the three big distribution channels, that is to say, Olive Young (CJ), Watsons (GS) and W Store (Kolon Well Care), etc, were established to produce new distribution system following large-scaled discount stores as well as convenience stores. The purpose of the study is to investigate ways making Korean style drugstore be new retail business in addition to traditional markets, department stores, E-Mart and other general super markets and to examine problems preventing the drugstore from being promoted and to find out solutions. The speciality retailers that is called a category killer attacking department stores as well as marts is expanding market quickly. New consumption trend that gives priority to wellbeing is being expanded in accordance with high level of standards of living life: The drugstore is thought to be new alternative of distribution because it keeps special products. Young ladies who are main customers of drugstores respond to the trend sensitively to have more buying power that is thought to be promising. And, consumers' desire has become concrete and special. This is because consumers want not only convenient shopping but also special shopping system that is current trend. These days, so called Multi-shop and Total shop and other special shops have been recently opened. Special multi-shop has been concentrated on fashion product and miscellaneous goods so far: Health total wellbeing shop shall be popular in accordance with wellbeing trends. Drugstores can play an important role. Drugstores were opened for the first time ten years ago. In particular, Olive Young succeeded in going into the black after making efforts for a long time by many persons. Drugstores could succeed in the business owing to many persons in the past as well as customers who liked drugstores. However, drugstores once lost ways and recorded poor business results. The three drugstores, that is to say, Olive Young, Watsons making efforts to go into the black and W-Store pursuing traditional drugstore shall compete each other and make effort to satisfy customers' desire. In that way, the three drugstores can be assured of present business as well as future business. The consumers' demand trend has become special at sub-division so that drugstores that can satisfy the demand can succeed in the business. Large businesses may be more interested in the 4th generation retail business to produce good income and to have bright future. Drugstore business and market are likely to expand and develop owing to large business' participation in drugstore business. Drugstores expanded shop at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do until middle of 2000. Drugstore business at station sphere in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do that have high ratio of temporary population has low customer loyalty to have limitation on continuous growth. Since 2009, drugstores have opened new shops at local towns: From the year of 2010, drugstores need to establish multiple shop strategy by accelerating business speed and to allow customers to drop in the shop anywhere in the nation and to enter consumers' life deeply, so that they can strengthen business base definitely. Drugstores need to have price competitiveness to have multiple shop opening strategy and to satisfy consumers and to supply high quality services that is future subject to solve. And, Olive Young and Watsons that are Korean style drugstore need to keep system in order and to strengthen substance as Korean style drugstore and to expand marketing, so that they can get business outcome within 5 years that was done 10 years before and they become the 4th generation retail business. The study had difficulties at collecting material from the three drugstore because of poor cooperation. And, the author had great difficulty at collecting statistical material that was made in disorder. Further effort is needed considering such problems.

• 지식경영연구
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.131-163
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze how social comparative learning of forum participants affects learning effects with an emphasis on participants' characteristics. As today's society is changing at a fast pace, the desire for new knowledge and information has grown accordingly. To quench this thirst for knowledge and information, seminars, symposiums, conferences, forums, conventions, exhibitions, and more are taking place as part of knowledge sharing events across the world. Also, the increased need for knowledge and information exchange has led the development and growth of the convention industry and Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Events (Exhibitions)(MICE) industry. Especially, forum is a type of event which invites professionals and specialists to discuss diverse topics and share their knowledge and experience with the audience. The participants utilize it as an opportunity to get close to information providers and enjoy the pleasure of knowledge exchange. However, there have been few empirical analyses on who the participants are, why they attend forum, how they pick up and learn new information and knowledge, and what kinds of learning effects they achieve after the event. This paper is to analyze how social comparative learning of the forum's participants influences learning effects based on Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory (1977, 1997, 1982. 2001) and Leon Festinger's Social Comparative Theory (1950, 1954). By dividing the participants into two groups, one with high level of self-efficacy and the other with low level of self-efficacy, we have examined the differences in learning effects between the two groups using them as moderating variables. This study was conducted in 'MBN Y Forum 2016,' which is one of the most representative knowledge exchange forums of South Korea. An online survey was distributed out and, 1,307(39.2%) out of the total participants of 3,338 have completed the survey. The survey included questions about whether the participants have gained positive or negative motivations by comparing themselves to the speakers (upward comparison learning) and other participants (lateral comparison learning). The results have shown the quality of messages that the speakers are presenting as knowledge providers is the most significant factor that acts on learning effects. Particularly, the participants had higher levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem than average people. They had a clear goal to learn from the speakers (upward comparison) and received positive motivations from them. In other words, no negative learning effects had been found. This presents a managerial implication that having a qualified speaker is necessary for a forum to be successful. On the other hand, the results from the comparison with the other participants (lateral comparison) were different. The participants were likely to compare themselves to the other participants through observational learning. They could compare listening attitudes, language skills, or capabilities to ask a question. The results have showed the participants received positive motivations from the lateral group but at the same time were jealous of abilities of the others. When the quality of a question by a participant is not good enough, it can have a negative influence on the participants' learning effects. The first group with high levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem had no correlation to negative learning effects from the speakers. They rather had a strong desire to learn from the speakers. On the contrary, the participants perceived the lateral group as a learning subset and competitor. The second group with low levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem saw the quasi-group as a rival. This presents that the individual learning effects can be different depending on the participants' characteristics.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2019

소비자의 니즈가 다양해지면서 데이터 마이닝과 고도화된 고객관계관리(CRM) 기법을 활용한 체계적인 마케팅 서비스를 제공하는 기업이 증가하고 있으며, KB국민카드는 고객의 결제 데이터 등을 활용하여 고객 개개인의 니즈를 충족시키고 소비자의 평생가치를 극대화하기 위한 전략을 강조하고 있다. 실시간으로 고객의 카드이용과 고객 행동, 위치 정보 등을 감지하여 진행하는 고효율 마케팅 운영시스템인 스마트 오퍼링 시스템을 운영하고 있으며, 다양한 앱 등과 결합하여 더욱 정교화된 서비스를 제공하고 있다. KB국민카드는 스마트 오퍼링 시스템의 성공과 지속적인 성장을 위해 고도화되고 있는 ICT 기술과 인재 확보를 위한 투자를 진행해야 하며, 장기적인 관점에서의 수익확보를 위한 전략을 확립하여 체계적인 진행이 필요하다. 특히, 프라이버시 침해와 개인정보 유출 등의 문제가 쟁점이 되는 현재 상황에서 고객 정보를 활용한 마케팅에 대한 고객의 인식을 긍정적으로 유도하고, 보안성을 강조하는 기업 이미지 형성을 위한 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구는 CRM 전략의 변화 과정을 통해 현재 카드사의 실시간 CRM 전략을 KB 국민카드의 빅데이터 활용전략과 마케팅 활동을 통해 확인하고자 한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.391-392
• /
• 2012

In these days, the desire for the precise and tiny displays in mobile application has been increased strongly. Currently, laser displays ranging from large-size laser TV to mobile projectors, are commercially available or due to appear on the market [1]. In order to achieve a mobile projectors, the semiconductor laser diodes should be used as a laser source due to their size and weight. In this presentation, the continuous etch characteristics of Pd and AlGaN/GaN superlattice for the fabrication of blue laser diodes were investigated by using inductively coupled $CHF_3$ and $Cl_2$ -based plasma. The GaN laser diode samples were grown on the sapphire (0001) substrate using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition system. A Si-doped GaN layer was grown on the substrate, followed by growth of LD structures, including the active layers of InGaN/GaN quantum well and barriers layer, as shown in other literature [2], and the palladium was used as a p-type ohmic contact metal. The etch rate of AlGaN/GaN superlattice (2.5/2.5 nm for 100 periods) and n-GaN by using $Cl_2$ (90%)/Ar (10%) and $Cl_2$ (50%)/$CHF_3$ (50%) plasma chemistry, respectively. While when the $Cl_2$/Ar plasma were used, the etch rate of AlGaN/GaN superlattice shows a similar etch rate as that of n-GaN, the $Cl_2/CHF_3$ plasma shows decreased etch rate, compared with that of $Cl_2$/Ar plasma, especially for AlGaN/GaN superlattice. Furthermore, it was also found that the Pd which is deposited on top of the superlattice couldn't be etched with $Cl_2$/Ar plasma. It was indicating that the etching step should be separated into 2 steps for the Pd etching and the superlattice etching, respectively. The etched surface of stacked Pd/superlattice as a result of 2-step etching process including Pd etching ($Cl_2/CHF_3$) and SLs ($Cl_2$/Ar) etching, respectively. EDX results shows that the etched surface is a GaN waveguide free from the Al, indicating the SLs were fully removed by etching. Furthermore, the optical and electrical properties will be also investigated in this presentation. In summary, Pd/AlGaN/GaN SLs were successfully etched exploiting noble 2-step etching processes.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.203-233
• /
• 2004

사회복지는 개인의 행복과 만족스러운 삶을 이루도록 원조하는 실천학문인 만큼 명확한 정신건강개념 규정은 정신보건 사회복지 영역 뿐 아니라 전체 사회복지실천영역에서도 포괄적으로 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 첫째, Q 방법론을 활용하여 한국인의 정신건강개념을 도출하였다. 그 결과 정신건강 개념에는 자호다(Jahoda)의 19개 영역과 본 연구에서 새롭게 나타난 '영적' 영역과 '자기 안녕감' 영역을 합하여 21개 영역이 나타났고, 각 개인들은 이 개념을 공동체주의형, 합리주의형, 개인주의형, 인본주의형, 신본주의형 등 매우 독립적인 5가지 유형으로 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 연구결과를 통해 사회복지영역에서는 일반인을 위한 정신건강프로그램의 방향성을 적극적 정신건강 개념으로 전환되어야 함을 제시하였다. 이는 사회복지영역에서 한국인의 정신건강개념을 정신질환 예방이나 치료라는 틀 속에 묶어두지 않고 건강한 삶의 성장으로 확대하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 함이다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 학과 관련된 고문헌과 조선시대 산수화를 분석하여 원림에 도입된 동적(動的) 조경요소인 학으로 인해 형성된 원림문화에 대해서 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 학은 부처의 화현(化現), 신선 세계와 장수의 희구(希求), 은일자의 고고한 삶을 표현하는 매개체로써 불교 도교 유교적인 상징 의미를 지녔다. 삼국시대부터 일제강점기까지 학을 길렀던 기록이 있으며, 조선시대 선비는 학시사(鶴詩社) 학 품평회를 개최하거나 출사(出仕)를 거절하는 의미로 학을 활용하였다. 둘째, 원림에 학을 도입하기 위해서 야생의 학을 잡아 길들여 학옥 학우리나 울타리를 만들어 가두고, 물을 공급해 주는 연못으로 생육환경을 마련했다. 또한 학을 전담 관리하는 노비가 있었으며, 춤을 추도록 훈련시킨 후 마당에 관념적 의미에서 한 마리의 학을 방사하거나 학의 생태를 고려하여 두 마리의 학을 방사했다. 셋째, 학을 감상하는데 있어서 학과 짝이 되어 상징성을 만드는 수목으로써 은일 처사의 의미체인 매화와 장수 의미를 지닌 소나무를 원림에 식재하였다. 더불어 조선시대 선비는 학과 함께 완상(玩賞) 오수(午睡) 독서(讀書) 탄금(彈琴)으로 풍류를 즐겼다. 살펴본 바와 같이 조선시대 선비는 학이 상징하는 의미를 그림으로 그리거나 시를 짓는데 그치지 않고 동적 전통조경요소로써 원림에 학을 적극적으로 도입하였으며, 선비의 풍류와 연관시켜 학의 생김새, 몸짓, 소리를 포함하는 공감각적 감상을 즐겼다.